Objective: To investigate the lunch supply in primary and middle school dining rooms in Ningbo City, so as to provide the scientific evidence for guiding rational dietary supply and improving student health. Methods: A primary school and a junior high school were randomly sampled from each of 10 counties (districts) in Ningbo City. Food receipt and balance, dinner supply and number of students with meals were collected from school dining rooms with questionnaires formulated by Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and all foods in school dining rooms provided by enterprises were sorted and recorded. Daily mean lunch food, energy and nutrient supply was calculated per student, and evaluated with the Student Electronic Nutritionist platform, the 2013 revision of Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes and the national criteria of Nutrition Guidelines of Student Meals (WS/T 554-2017). Results: Six urban primary schools, six urban junior high schools, four rural primary schools and four rural junior high schools were enrolled, and there were two schools with meals provided by enterprises and eighteen schools with meals provided by their dining rooms. Appropriate supply of cereals and potatoes, excessive supply of livestock and poultry meat, vegetable oil and salt, and low supply of fruits, eggs, milk and soybean and nuts were found in primary and junior high school, and notably, milk and fruits were not provided by any rural junior high schools. Excessive energy supply was found in primary schools (excessive energy supply in rural primary schools and appropriate in urban primary schools), and appropriate energy supply was seen in junior high schools. High energy ratios of protein and fat, low energy ratio of carbohydrate, low supply of diatery fiber, vitamin A and calcium, appropriate supply of vitamin B1, B2 and C, and sufficient supply of iron and zinc were found in primary and junior high school. Conclusion Unreasonable dietary structure, excessive energy supply and nutrient imbalance are found in lunch supply by primary and junior high schools in Ningbo City.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between Duke treadmill score (DTS) and corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count(CTFC)in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CAD). Methods:Seventy-two patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, who underwent treadmill exercise tests in 2 weeks before coronary angiography were enrolled in our study. All the patients were divided into 2 groups according to the value of DTS: low-risk group (DTS≥5) and moderate-high-risk group (DTS

Objective To investigate lymph node metastases in distal gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Methods From June 2006 to December 2007, 129 distal gastric cancer patients underwent radical gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy. Dissected lymph nodes were collected in groups, and histopathological studies were performed to detect lymph node metastasis. The relationship between lymph node metastasis and tumor parameters such as diameter, location, infiltrating depth, histological category,Borrmann typing was evaluated. Results Lymph node metastases was found in 80 out of 129 patients (62%). A total of 3295 lymph nodes were harvested with an average of 25.54 lymph nodes per patient,among those 889 lymph nodes were identified with metastasis. The metastasis rate was 18.60%, 48. 84%,37. 98%, 38. 76%, 44. 19%, 31.01%, 10. 85%, 14. 73%, 4. 65%, 1.55% and 0. 78% respectively in No. 1, No. 3, No. 4d, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 8a, No. 9, No. 11 p, No. 12a, No. 14v lymph node group.No. 3 and No. 6 group nodes were moat frequently invaded by metastasis. Conclusion This study provides the regular pattern of lymph node metastasis in distal gastric carcinoma patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and perigastric lymphadectomy which helps to guide lymphadectomy in terms of less trauma and favorite prognosis.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and risk factors of non-acute symptomatic portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after endoscopic gastric variceal injection (GVI) in the treatment of liver cirrhosis with gastric variceal bleeding (GVB).Methods:66 patients with GVB who were treated with GVI for the first time from July 2017 to October 2019 in Minhang Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. The data of gender, age, preoperative Child-Pugh grade, preoperative platelet count, preoperative plasma D-dimer concentration, preoperative splenic length, preoperative portal vein velocity, preoperative splenic vein velocity, preoperative portal vein diameter, preoperative splenic vein diameter, treatment times, total number of injection points, total dose of sclerosing agent and tissue adhesive agent were collected. The patients were divided into PVT group and non-PVT group according to the occurrence of non-acute symptomatic PVT within one year after GVI. Univariate analysis was performed first, and then the factors with P<0.2 were included in the binary logistic regression model to screen the risk factors of PVT after GVI. Results:There were 25 cases (37.88%) in PVT group and 41 cases (62.12%) in non-PVT group. There were significant differences in D-dimer concentration, spleen length, Child-Pugh grade and total dose of sclerosing agent between the two groups ( P<0.05). The D-dimer concentration ( OR=2.319, 95% CI:1.359-3.956), spleen length ( OR=1.044, 95% CI:1.007-1.081) and total dose of sclerosing agent ( OR=1.075, 95% CI:1.004-1.152) were independent risk factors for PVT ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative D-dimer concentration, spleen length and total dose of sclerosing agent can predict the risk of PVT after GVI. In order to reduce the risk of PVT after GVI, the dose of sclerosing agent should be reduced as much as possible.

Objective:The particularity of drugs determines the particularity of drug patents. From the legal perspective, this means that special terms should be included designed in the patent law system.The interests of patent holders are not fully protected currently, although some drug related provisions have been set in the current patent law. Along with the many reforms that China has implemented in the field of new drug research and development, there are some problems related to drugs that need to be resolved in the patent system, This article will explore this issue.Methods:Based on the particularity of drug patents, this paper analyzes the necessity of improving the relevant provisions of the patent law for the research and development of new drugs, and proposes suggestions for improving the terms of drug patents.Results:There is still space for improvement in terms of balancing the interests of the innovator, the generic maker and the public.Conclusions:The necessary improvements and adjustments to the drug provisions in the patent laws and regulations need to be made in order to further enhance the patent system’s role in promoting the research and development of new drugs.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT)on the balance of Treg/Th17 cells and related cytokines in preschool children aged 3-6 years with allergic rhinitis(AR).METHODS Seventy preschool children aged 3-6 years with AR were divided into the SLIT group and the medication group,and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The medication group received symptomatic treatment alone,while the SLIT group received a combined treatment of SLIT and symptomatic medication,with a 3-year follow-up period.The Treg/Th17 cell balance,serum levels of TGF-β,IL-10,IL-17,IL-21,as well as the total nasal symptom score(TNSS),total medication score(TMS),and visual analog scale(VAS)scores were compared before and after treatment between the two groups.RESULTS After 3 years of treatment,both groups showed significant improvements(P<0.05)in the percentages of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg and CD4+IL-17+Th17 cells among CD4+T cells,percentages of Treg and Th17 cells,serum levels of TGF-β,IL-10,IL-17,IL-21,TNSS,TMS,and VAS scores.Moreover,the SLIT group exhibited significantly better outcomes compared to the medication group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION SLIT can modulate the balance of Treg/Th17 cells and improve serum levels of TGF-β,IL-10,IL-17,and IL-21.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of foodborne diseases among students in Ningbo from 2014 to 2021, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in schools. Methods: Information on foodborne disease cases among students attending all surveillance hospitals in Ningbo from 2014 to 2021 was collected from the Foodborne Disease Surveillance System of Zhejiang Province, and epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic analysis were analyzed. Results: A total of 3 602 cases of foodborne diseases in the student population were reported in Ningbo, of which 54.58% were males and 45.42% were females. Students aged 18 years and above accounted for the highest incidence group, and the incidence time mainly showed two peaks in May to June and September to October. Meat and meat products accounted for the largest proportion of suspicious foods (21.11%), and the positive pathogen detection rates were 11.20% for Norovirus, 3.30% for Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 1.77% for Salmonella, 1.30% for diarrheogenic Escherichia coli and 0.18% for Shigella. Conclusion The main suspect foods for foodborne diseases among students in Ningbo are primarily meat and meat products, and the main etiological agent is norovirus, which requires strengthening food safety health education and food safety management.

Objective To strengthen human genetic resource management in clinical trials.Methods This article analyzes the common problems in the process of reviewing human genetic resources application by the drug clinical trial institute in our hospital,and proposes solutions for solving the problems.Results Common questions are also the key points for future review of human genetic resources applications,including the collection of sample and consistency with clinical trial plan,ethical review and informed consent,intellectual property rights etc.Conclusions Strictly reviewing applications of human genetic resources,as well as strengthen the management of human genetic resources in clinical trials,are not only make traceability of human genetic resources traceable,but also have important significance for the authenticity and scientific validity of trial results.

Objective The aim of the study was to explore the influencing factors of exercise tolerance in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) revascularization in acute state. Methods A total of 112 patients with first MI undergoing PCI revascularization in acute state and completing cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were enrolled. Exercise capacity was evaluated by peak oxygen consumption percentage (VO2 peak%) in CPET. Patients were divided into normal exercise capacity (NEC) group (n=40) and abnormal (AEC) group (n=72) according to VO2 peak% value. Clinical manifestations, histories of hypertension and diabetes, medications, coronary arterial angiography and echocardiography findings of patients were compared. The onsets of diabetes and blood glucose levels during the period of CPET were evaluated in the MI patients with diabetes. The patients were followed up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (admission due to chest pain, re?revascularization, re?infarction and all?cause death) within 24 months after PCI. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine influencing factors for exercise tolerance. Results The ratio of diabetes, type C lesions in the AEC group were higher than those in the NEC group (diabetes: 37.5% vs. 17.5%; type C lesions: 69.4% vs. 42.5%, respectively, all P<0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients in the AEC group was lower than that in the NEC group [(60.6±10.0) % vs. (65.0±8.2) %, P=0.019]. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that history of diabetes and history of type C lesions were the independent risk factors for the declined exercise capacity in the MI patients after PCI revascularization ( OR=3.14, 95%CI 1.167-8.362, P=0.023; OR=3.32, 95%CI 1.444-7.621, P<0.01). Among the MI patients with diabetes, the duration of diabetes in the AEC group was significantly longer than that in the NEC group[ (7.7 ± 3.6)years vs. (5.0 ± 2.4)years] and the proportions of subjects reaching target levels of fasting plasma glucose (40.7% vs. 57.1%) and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) (55.6% vs. 71.4%) in this group were significantly lower than those in the NEC group (all P<0.05). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that reaching HbA1c target was an independent predictor of improved exercise tolerance in MI patients with diabetes who received PCI ( OR=2.518, 95%CI 1.395-7.022, P=0.021). No significant differences were observed in incidence of admission due to chest pain, re?revascularization and re?infarction between the two groups within 24 months after PCI between the groups. Conclusions Diabetes and type C lesions are independent risk factors of declined exercise capacity in patients with first myocardial infarction who received revascularization in acute state. Reaching target HbA1c is independent factor of improved exercise capacity in patients with myocardial infarction and diabetes.

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the influencing factors of exercise tolerance in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) revascularization in acute state. Methods: A total of 112 patients with first MI undergoing PCI revascularization in acute state and completing cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were enrolled. Exercise capacity was evaluated by peak oxygen consumption percentage (VO_{2 peak}%) in CPET. Patients were divided into normal exercise capacity (NEC) group (n=40) and abnormal (AEC) group (n=72) according to VO_{2 peak}% value. Clinical manifestations, histories of hypertension and diabetes, medications, coronary arterial angiography and echocardiography findings of patients were compared. The onsets of diabetes and blood glucose levels during the period of CPET were evaluated in the MI patients with diabetes. The patients were followed up for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (admission due to chest pain, re-revascularization, re-infarction and all-cause death) within 24 months after PCI. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine influencing factors for exercise tolerance. Results: The ratio of diabetes, type C lesions in the AEC group were higher than those in the NEC group (diabetes: 37.5% vs. 17.5%; type C lesions: 69.4% vs. 42.5%, respectively, all P<0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients in the AEC group was lower than that in the NEC group [(60.6±10.0)% vs. (65.0±8.2)%, P=0.019]. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that history of diabetes and history of type C lesions were the independent risk factors for the declined exercise capacity in the MI patients after PCI revascularization (OR=3.14, 95%CI 1.167-8.362, P=0.023; OR=3.32, 95%CI 1.444-7.621, P<0.01). Among the MI patients with diabetes, the duration of diabetes in the AEC group was significantly longer than that in the NEC group[(7.7±3.6)years vs. (5.0±2.4)years] and the proportions of subjects reaching target levels of fasting plasma glucose (40.7% vs. 57.1%) and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) (55.6% vs. 71.4%) in this group were significantly lower than those in the NEC group (all P<0.05). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that reaching HbA1c target was an independent predictor of improved exercise tolerance in MI patients with diabetes who received PCI (OR=2.518, 95%CI 1.395-7.022, P=0.021). No significant differences were observed in incidence of admission due to chest pain, re-revascularization and re-infarction between the two groups within 24 months after PCI between the groups. Conclusions Diabetes and type C lesions are independent risk factors of declined exercise capacity in patients with first myocardial infarction who received revascularization in acute state. Reaching target HbA1c is independent factor of improved exercise capacity in patients with myocardial infarction and diabetes.