To explore the risk factors of graft rejection in non-myeloablative transplantation between HLA-identical siblings and to evaluate methods to increase donor cell engraftment, 8 patients with graft rejection were studied . The results showed that the usage of immunosup-pressive agents, low early engraft rate, and the kind of disease being CML were closely related with graft rejectioa For patients with graft rejection, second non-myeloablative transplantation is a useful way.

Objective To analyze the related factors of relapse of leukemia after transplantation of nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. Methods Among the twenty-nine patients with acute leukemia who received transplantation of nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells, relapse of leukemia occurred in 5 patients. The nonmyeloablative protocol included the pretreatment of CD3 monoclonal antibody, cyclosporine A, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and fludarabine was added in 3 patients. Results All the 5 patients went through smoothly the hematopoietic suppression stage, and engraftment of the donor cells was successful. Leukemia relapsed in 4 patients with full donor chimerism (full donor chimerism was converted from the mixed chimerism in 2 patients), and relapse occurred in 1 patient with stable mixed chimerism. Except for 1 patient, all of them did not show acute GVHD or chronic GVHD. Second complete remission after double transplant was achieved in one patient, but leakemia relapsed in two months. In other four patients treatment was given up. Conclusion Transplantation of nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells is a safe and effective method for the treatment of acute leukemia.

On the road of the modern Chinese medicine developing internationally, there is a key issues that setting up a reasonable, accurate and be quantified quality evaluation system which is comply with the basic theory of Chinese medicine. Based on the overall understanding of the role of traditional Chinese medicine components, author suggested that the idea of "structural components" theory should be embedded into the system and thought the Chinese medicine play a multi-target, multi-channel pharmacodynamic effects founded on the specific microcosmic structural relationship between the components and the components within the group. At present, the way of Chinese pharmacopoeia checking the quality of Chinese medicine is mainly depends on controlling the single or multiple targets of ingredients. In fact, this way is out of the overall effectiveness of the Chinese medicine, so we can not thoroughly controlling the quality of Chinese medicine from the essence of the Chinese medicine. Secondly, it's only macro-structural quantity that the Chinese pharmacopoeia just controlling the less effective ingredients, this is not enough to reflect the internal microstructure of the integrity and systematic. In other words, this cannot reflect the structural components of the Chinese medicine (the essence of traditional Chinese medicine). In view of above mentioned reasons, the author propose the new idea on the quality control in the medicine that quantify the ratio structural relationship in component and the ingredients of the components, set the optimal controlling proportion between the components and ingredients. At the same time, author thought we should conduct the depth study in the micro-quantified the multi-component and multi-ingredient, in the process of studying the material basis of Chinese medicine. Therefore, it could establish a more rational basis for the Chinese medicine quality controlling system.
China ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Phytotherapy ; standards ; Quality Control

Abstract On April 25, 2021, a case with hookworm infections was identified during the surveillance of soil-borne nematodiasis by Tiantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province. The patients was admitted to a county people's hospital due to dizziness and limb weakness on July 24, 2020. Laboratory tests showed 2.5×1012/L red blood cell counts, 45 g/L hemoglobin, 3.4% eosinophil percentage, 4.7 μmol/L serum iron and <1 μg/L ferritin, and severe iron-deficiency anemia was initially diagnosed. Following treatment with blood transfusion and ion supplement, subsequent three routine blood tests indicated elevated eosinophil percentages. On April 25, 2021, hookworm eggs were detected in stool samples using Kate-Katz technique, and Necator americanus was identified with the test-tube filter-paper culture method. Severe iron-deficiency anemia caused by hookworm infections was diagnosed based on field epidemiological surveys and laboratory tests. The health education pertaining to parasitic disease control knowledge among residents and the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic diseases in medical institutions are recommended to be improved in rural areas to avoid misdiagnosis and missing diagnosis.

[Objective]To summarize Professor YANG Danhong's clinical experience in the treatment of pain.[Methods]Through learning from teacher,reviewing ancient books and modern literature research,based on the pathogenesis of pain,the theoretical basis of Professor YANG's meridian acupuncture method and its application prospect for the treatment of pain were discussed.Two clinical medical cases were cited to support.[Results]The mechanism of pain is"obstruction leads to pain"and"malnutrition leads to pain",mainly because the Qi mechanism does not run smoothly.Professor YANG believes that the treatment should be aimed at smoothing the Qi mechanism.Based on the theory of"Gen-Jie"and"Genliu Zhuru"in Huangdi Neijing,the meridian acupuncture method named"the meridian acupuncture method"are proposed for pain.It is also treated according to Professor YANG's own clinical experience and combining with the piercing method.The acupuncture method,which emphasizes the theory of the treatment based on the channel's differentiation of pain,takes the head and tail points of the meridians passed by the disease position.After quickly twisting and getting Qi,and the well points are blooded.The two medical cases attached were caused by obstruction of Qi mechanism.The treatment took the first and last points of the meridians through the meridian acupuncture method,so that Qi and blood could be carried out and the pain was cured.[Conclusion]Professor YANG pays attention to the theory of the treatment based on the channel's differentiation of pain,and emphasizes the combination of the first and last points and the well points.Cooperated with the pricking collaterals therapy to strengthen the circulation of Qi and regulating Qi and blood,the effect was quite good,which was worthy of clinical promotion.

The Concurrent treatment of the brain and heart (CTBH) theory is proposed based on traditional Chinese medical theory and clinical practice. In this study, a framework for the pharmacological research platform was established to investigate the principles of concurrent treatment of the brain and heart. The platform for CTBH includes several key techniques for network modeling, discovery of active substances, dissecting mechanism of action and investigation of pharmacokinetic property of TCM. Taking network modeling of CTBH as an example, using database search, literature mining, network construction and module analysis, the that network modules closely associated with the pathological progress of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were identified, while further functional enrichment analysis of these modules indicated that the key biological processes included oxidative stress, metabolism and inflammation. GSK3B, NOTCH1, CDK4 were identified as key nodes in these network modules. The above-mentioned platform was applied to construct component-biomolecules network of Danhong injection for the identification of common targets and pathways. Among them, GSK3B had the highest correlation with the composition of Danhong injection in the network, and the biological function of whose cluster was related to cell oxidative stress. Based upon results of network analysis, validation experiments suggested that Danhong injection significantly improved the survival rate of oxidative injured myocardial cells and nerve cells, and the protective effect was related to the increase of phosphorylated GSK3β protein expression. Moreover, extracts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos exerted the synergisticcytoprotective effect. The results indicated that the mechanism of treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of Danhong injection could be studied through network modeling and other methods. In summary, the proposed pharmacological platform provided a feasible way for revealing the mechanism of CTBH by using modern scientific methods.

With the development of the modernization drive of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations, new-type TCM dosage forms research have become a hot spot in the field. Because of complexity of TCM components as well as uncertainty of material base, there is still not a scientific system for modern TCM dosage forms so far. Modern TCM preparations inevitably take the nature of the multi-component and the general function characteristics of multi-link and multi-target into account. The author suggests building a multiple drug release system for TCM using diverse preparation techniques and drug release methods at levels on the basis the nature and function characteristics of TCM components. This essay expounds elaborates the ideas to build the multiple traditional Chinese medicine release system, theoretical basis, preparation techniques and assessment system, current problems and solutions, in order to build a multiple TCM release system with a view of enhancing the bioavailability of TCM components and provide a new form for TCM preparations.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To explore the clinical phenotype, diagnosis, treatment and genetic characteristics of infants with lethal mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTPD).Methods:The clinical data of one patient with lethal MTPD admitted to the neonatal department of Guilin Maternal and Child Health Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Relevant literature published up to July 2023 were retrieved from the Chinese Science and Technology Journal database, CNKI, Wanfang Database, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, Chinese Biomedical Journal Literature Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Elsevier ScienceDirect, Embase and BIOSIS Previews with the terms of "mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency", "mitochondrial trifunctional protein", "HADHA", "HADHB", "newborn", "infant" and "lethal". Then the characteristics of clinical phenotypes and genetic variations about MTPD infants were summarized.Results:This patient was a 33 +3 week premature male infant who developed symptoms 9 d after birth. The main manifestations were metabolic acidosis, recurrent apnea, shock, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Blood tandem mass spectrometry reported an increased levels of multiple acylcarnitines, and genetic testing indicated that the patient's HADHB gene had maternal c.527C>G missense mutation and de novo c.1148C>T missense mutation. The infant was diagnosed with lethal MTPD and died 12 d after birth after his family gave up the treatment. There were 29 cases in the total 13 publications that were retrieved. Together with this case, there were 30 cases involved. Among the 16 cases with relatively complete data, 10 cases were male and 15 cases developed symptoms in neonatal period. The main clinical phenotypes were cardiomyopathy, abnormal myocardial enzyme spectrum, heart failure and lactic acidosis or metabolic acidosis. Among the 15 cases with clear age of death, 14 died within 3 months of life. Of the reported patients, only one survived at 8 years of age. 29 cases were confirmed through genetic test, 10 infants had HADHA gene variations and 19 had HADHB gene variations. Only one patient was confirmed by pathological detection and mass spectrometry analysis. Conclusions:MTPD is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease. Lethal MTPD has an early onset with high mortality. Severe acidosis and heart failure are the most common symptoms in neonatal period. Early detection of acylcarnitine and HADHB, HADHA gene should be performed in highly suspected infants to help early genetic diagnosis and intervention.

Objective To investigate the resistance of clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from 15 hospitals in several regions of China during 2011.Methods Fifteen repre-sentative general hospitals were involved in this program. Bacterial susceptibility testing was carried out by means of a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method and MIC determi-nation.Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2011 break-points.Results Majority (93.3%) of the 1 889 clinical strains of S.maltophilia were isolated from inpatients.On-ly 6.7% of the isolates were from outpatients.About 62.9% of these S .maltophilia strains were isolated from old patients whose age was 60 years or older.Only 8.2% of the strains were from the patients younger than 18 years old.Sputum and re-spiratory tract secretion were the most common specimen source,accounting for 82.6%.Another 4.2% isolates were from blood,abdominal fluid and other sterile body fluids.The percentage of the S .maltophilia strain resistant to trimethoprim-sul-famethoxazole,levofloxacin and minocycline was 16.6%,10.0% and 1.8%,respectively.The strains resistant to cefopera-zone-sulbactam accounted for 19.0%.About 37.1% of the strains isolated from blood or sterile body fluids were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,significantly higher than the strains from urine or wound specimens (P < 0.01).Conclusions S.maltophilia strains are mainly isolated from inpatients.The most common source is sputum and other respiratory speci-mens.Most of the patients with S.maltophilia isolate are 60 years of age or older.The S.maltophilia strains are constitu-tively resistant to several antibacterial agents,but showed relatively lower resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,levo-floxacin and minocycline.Cefoperazone-sulbactam is still active against these strains.The antimicrobial therapy targeting S. maltophilia infections should be selected cautiously according to the results of antimicrobial resistance surveillance.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical strains of K lebsiella spp .isolated from 15 hospitals in China CHINET during 2012 .Methods Kirby-Bauer method and automatic microbiology analysis system were employed to study the antimicrobial resistance . WHONET 5 .6 software was applied for data analysis according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2012 breakpoints .Results A total of 9 621 clinical K lebsiella isolates were analyzed ,including 8 772 strains of K . pneumoniae and 804 strains of K . oxytoca . About 54 .9% (5 285/9 621) of the K lebsiella strains were isolated from sputum ,and 16 .3% (1 564/9 621) were isolated from pediatric patients .Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that about 8 .9% ,10 .8% and 12 .9% of the strains were resistant to imipenem ,meropenem and ertapenem ,respectively .About 14 .1% and 17 .0% of the strains were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam and cefoperazone-sulbactam , respectively . Carbapenem-resistant K lebsiella strains were identified from all the 15 hospitals ,including 945 strains of K .pneumoniae and 45 strains of K .oxytoca ,which were resistant to either imipenem ,meropenem or ertapenem .Conclusions The Klebsiella isolates collected from 15 hospitals in China during 2012 are relatively sensitive to carbapenems ,cefoperazone-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam .The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains is still increasing in China ,about 10 .3% in 2012 ,and relatively higher in Eastern China .More efforts should be made to control the superbug .