Rahnella aquatilis, an infrequently isolated gram-negative rod, is the only species of the genus Rahnella within the Enterobacteriaceae family. The organism's natural habitat is water, from which most isolates have been recoverd. Infecions in humans have only occasionally been reported, especially in immunocompromised patients. We reort a case of bacteremia caused by this organism in a hemodialysis patient.
Bacteremia* ; Ecosystem ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Rahnella* ; Renal Dialysis*

PURPOSE: This study assessed the results of the cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) performed by advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) teams on cardiac-arrest patients in pundang - jeseang general hospital by using the in hospital Utstein style. METHODS: From march 1999 to February 2001, we collected data based on a formatted protocol by using the in hospital utstein style. The subjects were adult patients over the age of 20 years who had not experienced trauma and who had been resusciated in the hospital (the emergency department (ED), the ward, and intensive care unit, etc.) by an ACLS team. We studied three groups: group I (ED), group II (general ward), and group III (ICU). RESULTS: among 100,552 patients who were admitted, we resuscitated 152 patients (23 in group I, 83 group II, 46 group III). The number of male patient was higher than the number of female (78%/22%, 57%/43% and 53%/47%). For group I, II, and III, respectively patients between 50 and 70 years of age were predominant, and in all groups, the most witness of the cardiac arrest was the nurse. Performed CPCR methods were complex (87%, 80% and 100%), compression only (4%, 0%, 0%), defibrillation only (9%, 17% and 0%) and ventilation only (0%, 3% and 0%). Initial EKG rhythms were VT/VF (9pts 39%, 44pts 53% and 22pts 48%), PEA (9pts 39% , 23pts 28% and 19pts41%) and asystol (5pts 22%, 16pts 19% and 5pts 11%). The average intervals (minutes) from arrest to CPCR were 0.4+/-0.4, 3.1+/-2.2, 1.0+/-0.6, from arrest to initial defibrillation were 2.7+/-1.3, 4.0+/-3.2 , 3.0+/-1.1, from arrest to intubation were 0.5+/-0.4, 3.8+/-1.3 and 1.1+/-1.0 and from arrest to initial epinephrine were 1.4+/-0.7, 3.0+/-4.4, 1.5+/-1.1 The durations of resuscitation minutes were 23.1+/-22.1, 29.6+/-13.8, 19.4 +/-14.6 The rates of return of spontaneous circulation were 70% (16/23), 55% (46/83), 77% (34/46). The number of discharged patinets were 3 (13%), 8 (9.6%), 9 (45%). The number of patients alive after 1year were 2 (8.7%), 2 (3.4%), 7 (15.2%). CONCLUSION: The rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and the number of patinets after 1 year were higher when the resuscitation was performed quickly, and the ACLS team played a great role in this result. Thus, the resuscitation education and training of nurses are very important and should be pursued continously.
Adult ; Education ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; Hospitals, General* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation ; Male ; Peas ; Resuscitation ; Ventilation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential effects of a 308-km ultra-marathon on bone and cartilage biomarkers. METHOD: Venous blood samples were collected at pre-race, 100 km, 200 km, and 308 km checkpoints. The following markers of cartilage damage and bone metabolism were studied: osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and calcium, phosphorous, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). RESULTS: Blood samples were taken from 20 male runners at four different checkpoints. Serum COMP was increased by 194.1% (130.7% at 100 km and 160.4% at 200 km). Serum OPG was significantly increased by 158.57% at 100 km and 114.1% at 200 km compared to the pre-race measures. OC was transiently suppressed at 200 km. Serum calcium and phosphorous concentrations decreased compared to the pre-race measures. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the 308-km ultra-marathon induced several changes, including transient uncoupling of bone metabolism, increased bone resorption, suppressed bone formation, and bone turnover and had a major impact on cartilage structure.
Biomarkers ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium ; Cartilage ; Continental Population Groups ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Male ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoprotegerin

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of cardiac marker protein in rabbit cardiac tissue that was exposed to ischemic preconditioning (IPC), or ischemiareperfusion injury (IR) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). We compared 2DE gels of control (uninjured) cardiac tissue with those of IPC and IR cardiac tissue. Expression of one protein was detected in IR heart tissue, however the protein was not detected in the samples of control and IPC tissue. To further characterize the detected protein molecule, the protein in the 2D gel was isolated and subjected to trypsin digestion, followed by MALDI-MS. The protein was identified as myoglobin, which was confirmed also by Western blot analysis. These results are consistent with previous studies of cardiac markers in ischemic hearts, indicating myoglobin as a suitable marker of myocardial injury. In addition, the present use of multiple techniques indicates that proteomic analysis is an appropriate means to identify cardiac markers in studies of IPC and IR.
Blotting, Western ; Digestion ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional* ; Gels ; Heart ; Ischemia* ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Mass Spectrometry* ; Myoglobin ; Reperfusion Injury* ; Reperfusion* ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Trypsin

Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy among Korean women. The 2002 National Cancer Center screening guideline breast cancer was revised via an evidence-based approach to provide medical personnel with a standard protocol of screening breast cancer. There is moderate-level evidence that biennial screening mammography in asymptomatic women aged 40 to 69 reduces breast cancer mortality, while low-level evidence suggests that screening mammography in women 70 years or older does not reduce breast cancer mortality. The committee concluded that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the benefits and harms of either ultrasonography or clinical breast examination as screening modalities for breast cancer. Future researches about the benefits and harms of the National Breast Cancer Screening Program in Korea are strongly required because the characteristics of breast cancer in Korea are different from those in the West, especially regarding dense breast. In conclusion, the committee recommends biennial screening mammography in asymptomatic women aged 40 to 69 years (grade B recommendation). The committee recommends selective screening mammography in women 70 years or older according to individual risk and preference (grade C recommendation). The committee neither recommends nor opposes ultrasonography and clinical breast examination as screening modalities (grade I recommendation). Symptomatic and high-risk women, however, should be offered complementary measures including ultrasonography and clinical breast examination under clinical supervision.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammography ; Mass Screening* ; Mortality ; Organization and Administration ; Ultrasonography

Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels play a role in early and late ischemic preconditioning. Nevertheless, the subunit composition of mitoKATP channels remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the subunit composition of mitoKATP channels in mitochondria isolated from rat cardiac myocytes. Mitochondria were visualized using the red fluorescence probe, Mitrotracker Red, while mitoKATP channels were visualized using the green fluorescence probe, glibenclamide-BODIPY. The immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed the presence of Kir6.1, Kir6.2 and SUR2 present in the cardiac mitochondria. Western blot analysis was carried to further investigate the nature of mitoKATP channels. For SUR proteins, a 140-kDa immunoreactive band that corresponded to SUR2, but no SUR1 was detected. For Kir6.2, three bands (~4, ~6, and ~0 kDa) were detected, and a specific ~6-kDa immunoreactive band corresponding to Kir6.1 was also observed. These observations suggest that the subunits of mitoKATP channels in rat myocytes include Kir6.1, Kir6.2, and a SUR2-related sulfonylurea-binding protein.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; KATP Channels* ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Mitochondria ; Muscle Cells ; Myocytes, Cardiac* ; Potassium ; Rats*

We investigated the effect of zinc on the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci induced by azoxymethane (AOM) followed by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice with high iron diet (HFe; 450 ppm iron). Six-week old ICR mice were fed on high iron diets with combination of three different levels of zinc in diets, low-zinc (LZn; 0.01 ppm), medium-zinc (MZn; 0.1 ppm), and high-zinc (HZn; 1 ppm) for 12 weeks. Animals were received weekly intraperitoneal injections of AOM (10 mg/kg B.W. in saline) for 3 weeks followed by 2% DSS (molecular weight 36,000~50,000) in the drinking water for a week. To confirm the iron storage in the body, the hepatic iron concentration has been determine chemically and compared with histological assessment visualized by Prussian blue reaction. Aberrant crypt (AC) and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were analyzed in the colonic mucosa of mouse fed high dietary iron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level were also investigated. Apoptosis in the preneoplastic lesion was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labeling (TUNEL). In addition, immunohistochemistry of beta-catenin was also performed on the mucous membrane of colon. The number of large ACF (> or = 4 AC/ACF), which possess greater tumorigenic potential, was significantly lower in MZn and HZn groups compared with LZn group. Cytosolic SOD activity in the liver was significantly higher in HZn group compared with LZn group. Hepatic MDA level was decreased significantly in HZn group compared with MZn and LZn groups. Apoptotic index was significantly higher in HZn group. Taken together, these findings indicate that dietary zinc might exert a protective effect against colonic preneoplastic lesion induced by AOM/DSS in ICR mice with high iron status, and suggest that dietary supplement of zinc might play a role in suppressing colon carcinogenesis in mice.
Aberrant Crypt Foci ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Azoxymethane ; beta Catenin ; Colon ; Cytosol ; Dextrans ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Drinking Water ; Ferrocyanides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Iron ; Iron Overload ; Iron, Dietary ; Liver ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mucous Membrane ; Prussian Blue Reaction ; Sodium ; Sulfates ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Zinc

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in western countries or in the developed countries. Zinc intake has been associated with decreased risk of CRC. We investigated the effect of zinc on the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induced by azoxymethane followed by dextran sodium sulfate in mice. Five-week old ICR mice were fed with the different zinc levels (0.01, 0.1, 1 ppm) for 12 weeks. The numbers of ACF were measured in the colonic mucosa. The ACF number of HZn group was significantly low compared with LZn group or MZn group. Cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity was the highest in HZn group, while thiobarbituric acid reactive substance level for lipid peroxidation was the highest in LZn group. There was no difference in number of PCNA-positive proliferative cells among the groups. TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells were increased in HZn group compared with LZn group. The HZn group exhibited a decrease of beta-catenin immunostaining areas compared with the LZn or MZn group. These findings indicate that dietary zinc might exert a protecting effect against colon carcinogenesis by inhibiting the development of ACF in the mice.
Aberrant Crypt Foci ; Animals ; Azoxymethane ; beta Catenin ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Cytosol ; Developed Countries ; Dextrans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mucous Membrane ; Sodium ; Sulfates ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Thiobarbiturates ; Zinc

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy in Korea; in 2012, about 44,000 new cases (19.6% of all malignancies) were registered and the estimated age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer was 73.6 per 100,000 (17.3 and 88.6 per 100,000 in men and women, respectively). Despite the steep increase in its incidence, the age-standardized mortality rate of thyroid cancer has remained stable and 10-year relative survival rate is 99.2%. Increased detection using high-resolution ultrasonography may have contributed to the increased incidence of thyroid cancer if not all. However, the effectiveness of thyroid cancer screening using ultrasonography has not been fully evaluated as to whether screening and early diagnosis could decrease the morbidity or mortality of thyroid cancer. A multidisciplinary expert committee for developing a guideline for thyroid cancer screening was organized and established a recommendation for thyroid cancer screening using ultrasonography in Korea based on scientific evidence for the first time. In conclusion, the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the thyroid cancer screening by ultrasonography and the recommendation is that thyroid ultrasonography is not routinely recommended for healthy subjects.
Early Detection of Cancer ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Mortality ; Survival Rate ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Ultrasonography

The incidence rate of cervical cancer in Korea is still higher than in other developed countries, notwithstanding the national mass-screening program. Furthermore, a new method has been introduced in cervical cancer screening. Therefore, the committee for cervical cancer screening in Korea updated the recommendation statement established in 2002. The new version of the guideline was developed by the committee using evidence-based methods. The committee reviewed the evidence for the benefits and harms of the Papanicolaou test, liquid-based cytology, and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and reached conclusions after deliberation. The committee recommends screening for cervical cancer with cytology (Papanicolaou test or liquid-based cytology) every three years in women older than 20 years of age (recommendation A). The cervical cytology combined with HPV test is optionally recommended after taking into consideration individual risk or preference (recommendation C). The current evidence for primary HPV screening is insufficient to assess the benefits and harms of cervical cancer screening (recommendation I). Cervical cancer screening can be terminated at the age of 74 years if more than three consecutive negative cytology reports have been confirmed within 10 years (recommendation D).
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Early Detection of Cancer/adverse effects/*methods/standards ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Patient Selection ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/diagnosis ; Republic of Korea ; Review Literature as Topic ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Vaginal Smears/adverse effects/methods/standards ; Young Adult