An EPA and DHA enriched fish oil ( containing EPA 0.24 g/L, DHA 0.47g/L ) was administered by gastric intubation at the dose of O.2ml/100g wt for a period of one month in the hyperlipoprotein-emia rats caused by high lipid and cholesterol feeding. The administration of fish oil resulted in reduction in TG ( Triglyceride ) ; TC ( Total Cholesterol ) and VLDL-C + LDL-C levels in serum. Levels of HDL2-C and ratio of HDL2/HDL3 were elevated although there was no significant change in level of HDL-C. The study suggests that oral administration of EPA and DHA enriched fish oil might reduce the developoment of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the renoprotective effect of erythropoietin(EPO) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods The SD rats were randomly divided into there groups: normal control rats, diabetic, diabetic treated with EPO(NC, DM, DE groups).The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks treatment.Renal morphology was observed by light microscopy.The expression of erythropoietin receptor(EPOR) in kidney was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.The expression of p47phox, transforming growthfactor (TGF)β1andfibronectin (FN)proteininkidneywasdetectedby immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.The activity of antioxidants including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the level of malondialdehyde(MDA) in kidney were also measured.Results EPO treatment notably attenuated renal pathologic and functional changes.The expression of EPOR was found in kidney,but there was no difference among groups(P＞0.05).Compared with normal rats, diabetic rats showed an elevated expression of p47phox, TGF-β1, FN proteins and MDA levels in kidney as well as reduced activities of SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC (all P＜0.01).Compared with diabetic rats, EPO could decrease the protein expression of p47phox,TGF-β1and FN in kidney (all P＜0.05).Meanwhile, elevated MDA level in the kidney was decreased as well as decreased SOD, GSH-Px,T-AOC activities were significantly remitted in DE group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion EPO can amelioraterenaldamagevia theinhibition of oxidativestressandTGF-β1andFNprotein expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate whether erythropoietin (EPO) can inhibit the proapoptotic effect of high glucose on rat proximal tubular epithelial cells, and the possible mechanisms in which EPO exerts its anti-apoptotic role. Methods Rat proximal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were divided into 5 groups: normal control group, osmolarity control group, high glucose group, high glucose with EPO (50 U/ml) group and high glucose with EPO (100 U/ml) group. The expression of EPO receptor (EPOR) in NRK-52E cells was examined by immunocytochemistry. The effect of high glucose on the expression of EPOR was detected by Western blotting. The rate of apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry Annexin V-FITC/PI double stains. The intracellular ROS was detected using fluorescent probe CM-H2DCFDA. The expression of bcl-2, bax and caspase-3 mRNA were examined by RT-PCR. Results The expression of EPOR was demonstrated in NRK-52E cells, and high glucose could up-regulate the expression of EPOR. High glucose could induce oxidative stress in NRK-52E cells, and up-regulate the mRNA expression of bax and caspase-3, down-regulate the mRNA expression of bcl-2. These effects of high glucose on NRK-52E cells could be reversed by EPO. Conclusion EPO inhibits NRK-52E cells apoptosis induced by high glucose through attenuating oxidative stress,up-regulating theexpression of bcl-2 mRNA and down-regulating the expression of bax and caspase-3 mRNA, which may be mediated by EPOR.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of three kinds oi internal fixations via posterior approach for treating adjacent two-segment thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures.Methods A retrospective analysis was done on data of 34 patients with adjacent two-segment thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures treated between 2003 and 2010.The treatments included three different pedicle screw fixations via posterior approach,ie,fixation with four verlebrae and four screws (Group Ⅰ,n ＝ 14),fixation with four vertebrae and six screws ( Group Ⅱ,n ＝ 11 ),fixation with four vertebrae and eight screws ( Group Ⅲ,n ＝ 9).The changes of spinal Cobb' s angle before and after operation and at the last final follow-up were statistically analyzed.Oswestry disability index (ODI) score,Denis pain scale and Denis work scale at the final follow-up were evaluated.Also,the recovery of neurological function was observed.Results The duration of follow-up was average 24 months (range,10-48 months).The neurological function of all the patients recovered to some degree.Two patients had pedicle screw breakage and one had spontaneous fusion of the collaprsed vertebra in Group Ⅰ.The Cobb' s angles of the three groups were decreased immediately after operation,but all obtained some degree of enhancement at the final follow-up.In Group Ⅰ,the mean Cobb's angle was (7.5 ±3.0)° postoperatively and then improved to ( 13.7 ±5.1 )°at the final follow-up,with correction loss of (6.2 ±2.1)°.In Group Ⅱ,the average Cobb's angle was( 1.4 ± 1.5) ° postoperatively and later increased to (4.5 ± 2.4)° at the final follow-up,with correction loss of (3.1 ± 1.1 )°.In Group Ⅲ,the mean Cobb' s angle was ( 0.0 ± 1.1 )° postoperatively but was increased to ( 1.3 ± 1.2 )° at the last follow -up,with correction loss of ( 1.3 ± 0.0 1 )°.The three groups showed statistical difference regarding the correction loss of Cobb' s angle ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ showed no significant differences in aspects of ODI score and Denis work and pain scale at the final follow-up,but the differences were significant when Group Ⅰ was compared with Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The posterior transvertebral pedicle screw fixation with 4 vertebrae and 8 screws for adjacent two-segment thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures is beneficial to gaining well reduction and fixation,maintaining deformity correction,preserving motion segment and releasing pain.The operation,a simple and convenient technique,has the prospect of clinical application.

Virus infection is a serious threat to human health and social development. The increase in pandemics caused by emerging and re-emerging viruses highlights the urgent need for broad-spectrum antivirals. In this perspective, we highlight recent case studies and summarize the universal strategies and methodologies in broad-spectrum antiviral drug discovery from common targets, common steps in viral life cycle, universal strategies, and broad-spectrum molecules, hoping to provide valuable guidance for the current and future development of antiviral drugs.

New drug research and development is a technology-intensive industry with high investment, high cycle and high risk. In recent years, with the rapid development of modern disciplines such as omics technology, bioinformatics, high-throughput and high-content screening, and artificial intelligence, the research and development of small-molecule drugs has presented a new paradigm characterized by "integrated medicinal chemistry". This review summarizes new enabling drug discovery technologies, the emergence of new subfields formed through integration innovations and practical chemistry toolbox in the field of medicinal chemistry.

Ion trap performances are investigated based on digital ion trap technique with different collision gases at different pressures. Collision gases of helium (4 amu), nitrogen (28 amu) and argon (40 amu) with various pressures are adopted in ion excitation and dissociation stages to investigate the ion trap performances, including mass resolution, signal intensity, tandem mass spectrometric analysis ability and low-mass cut off (LMCO) effect. It is found that when heavy gas of argon is used, energy can be efficiently transferred and LMCO effect is decreased with higher ion capture and dissociation efficiencies but with low mass resolution. Higher mass resolution is realized with helium as collision gas. Furthermore, at the same gas pressure, heavy gas is beneficial to abundant fragment ions and structural information of precursor ion.

Objective To discuss the role of EB virus (EBV)in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in children through investigating the copies of EBV DNA and expression of EBV genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).Methods (1)PBMCs were isolated from 30 patients with SLE and 12 healthy normal controls respectively and DNA was extracted from PBMCs.(2) PBMCs were co-cultured with EBV for 12 days and RNA was extracted from PBMCs.(3)Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(Real-time PCR) was applied to detect the copies of EBV DNA in PBMCs.(4)Reverse transcription PCR was applied to detect expression of EBV genes.Results (1) Compared with the healthy control group [(40.1 ± 11.6) copies/μg],a significant increase of EBV DNA copies was observed in SLE group[(658.6 ± 183.6) copies/μg] (P ＜0.05).The EBV DNA copies in the active SLE group [(785.2 ± 179.2) copies/μg] were significantly higher than those in the non-active SLE group [(586.0 ± 193.1) copies/μg] (P ＜ 0.05).(2)There was no correlation between EBV DNA copies and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (r =0.03,P ＞ 0.05).(3) After PBMCs got co-cultured with EBV,expression of latent EBV genes and lytic genes were both increased in the patients and healthy controls.The latent EBV genes including latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1),LMP2,EBV nuclear antigen 1 and the lytic genes including BCRF1,BLLF1 were all increased significantly in the patients compared with the healthy controls (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is a significant increase of EBV DNA copies and aberrant expression of EBV genes in SLE patients,which suggests that EBV may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genes in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 20 children with SLE and 12 healthy human controls.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect anti-EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG/IgM antibodies.The culture supernatants of cells from patients with anti-EBV VCA IgG/IgM antibodies were collected,and PBMCs from the patients and controls were co-cultured with the supernatants respectively for 12 days.RNA was extracted from PBMCs before and after the coculture,and reverse transcription-PCR was performed to detect the expression of EBV genes,including LMP1,LMP2,EBNA1,BCRF1,BLLF1 and BILF1 genes.Results LMP1 gene was detected in fresh PBMCs from 10 out of 20 patients and 1 out of 12 controls (P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences were observed between the patients and controls in the detection rate of LMP2 gene (4/20 vs.1/12),EBNA1 gene (13/20 vs.3/12),BCRF1 gene (3/20 vs.1/12) or BLLF1 gene (5/20 vs.2/12) in fresh PBMCs.After co-culture with the supernatants of cells from patients with anti-EBV VCA IgG/IgM antibodies,the expressions of EBV genes in these PBMCs were increased to different degrees,and there was a significant difference in the expressions of EBV latent genes LMP1,LMP2 and EBNA-1 as well as EBV replicative genes BCRF1 and BLLF1 between the patient-derived and control-derived PBMCs (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is an aberrant expression of EBV genes in children with SLE,and EBV genes may contribute to the development of SLE.

Objective To evaluate diagnostic values of multi-tumor markers protein biochip detective system for lung cancer. Methods Patients with lung cancer group(78 cases),benign pulmonary diseases group (118 cases) and control group (68 cases) were enrolled.Twelve tumor markers in serum (AFP,CEA,NSE,CA125,CA153,CA242,CA199,PSA,f-PSA,FER,?-HCG and HGH) were measured by the multi-tumor markers protein biochip detective system. Result The serum levels of CEA,CA125,Fer and CA242 in the lung cancer group were much higher than those of the other two groups.There were no significant differences of serum levels and positive rates of other tumor markers among three groups.The sensitivity of CEA,CA125,Fer and CA242 was 41.0%,35.9%,26.9% and 17.9% respectively,the specificity 89.8%,86.0%,86.6% and 95.7% respectively。 Conclusions The multi-tumor markers protein biochip detective system has diagnostic values in lung cancer.When more than three markers are positive simultaneously,the sensitivity was 24.4%,and the specificity was 96.8%.The result could help to detect the character of tumor.