100 cases of patients with brain tumor were tested with lymphocyte transformation testand erythrocyte-rosette forming cell,the results showed the lymphocyte transfor-mation test and Erythrocyte-Rosette Forming Cell of the patients with brain tumorwas lower than that of the normal value,of the 100 postoperative brain tumor cases75 were treated with blood-enriching decoction of Angelica Sinensis and 25 were usedas control.The lymphocyte transformation test and erythrocyte-Rosette formingcell of the treated group showed a remarkable rise(P

Problem-based learning has gradually become an important pedagogical tool in the medical curriculum.Behaviors of PBL tutor play an unique role in teaching.A good PBL tutor must consider the following issues:ample preparing before class,awareness of learning outside the tutorial room,social congruence,dealing with the difficult student and dysfunctional group,sharing the PBL experience and seeking support or advice from peers.

Objective Observe the changes of cytokine and immunoglobulin in children with Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) infected by Enterovirus 71 (EV71),to explore the significance of inflammation and immunological mechanisms.Methods A total of 65 cases of children with HFMD by EV71 were taken as the observation group,and 65 cases of healthy children were as the control group in June 2015-August 2016.The serum levels of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the levels of IgA,IgG,IgM were detected by immune scattering turbidimetric.Results Compared with control group,the levels of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α in observation group were significantly increased (t=7.94,6.87,9.56,P ＜ 0.01),the levels of IgA,IgG and IgM also increased,differences were statistically significant (t =6.71,7.96,8.39,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The inflammatory cytokines and immune imbalance in the development of HFMD play an important role,observe the dynamic changes of IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,IgA,IgG and IgM levels has certain clinical application value in preventing and judging the state of HFMD.

Objective To explore the DNA damage in the bone-marrow cells of the mice exposed to the low level of gaseous benzene. Methods 615 mice were divided into 4 groups randomly, 6 in each: the control group, benzene exposed group, group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell, group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell and benzene exposed in combination. Benzene was exposed at the level of 1 mg/m3, 6 h per day for 10 days. SCGE was used to detect the DNA damage in the bone-marrow cells of the mice. Results Compared with the control, the DNA damage were significantly severe in the other 3 groups. But the DNA damage of the group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell and benzene exposed in combination was significantly lower than that of the group immited by L615K lymphocyte cell. The spleen and liver indexes were higher in the two groups immited by L615K lymphocyte cell and immited by L615K lymphocyte cell plus benzene exposed compared with the control group. Conclusion Benzene exposure at the low level can induce the DNA damage in the bone-marrow cells of the mice, but for those lymphatic leukemia mice, benzene exposure at the low level may inhibit this kind of damage, to elucidate the mechanism, further studies needs to be done.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of anatomic variation of the extrahepatic biliary tree in laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods From October 1999 to January 2008,totally 1216 cases of LC were performed in our hospital,anatomic variation of the extrahepatic biliary tree was found in 15(1.2%) of them.Among the 15 patients,3 had wide and short cystic duct with the opening at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts;1 patient showed dislocation of a relatively thin choledoch owing to calculus incarceration;1 case was found having a cystic duct parallel to the common hepatic duct with a low-level opening;1 patient had twisted cystic duct at the right side of the common bile duct with an opening at the right hepatic duct;2 patients were suffered from massive adhesion in the cystic ampulla that covering the common bile and common hepatic ducts;3 cases showed aberrant bile ducts lying on the gallbladder bed;3 patients were found having the right posterior hepatic duct opened to the common hepatic duct;1 case was diagnosed with Mirizzi syndrome,in whom the anatomical structure was unclear.For all of the patients,the abnormal structures were separated carefully,ligated with sutures or titanium clips if necessary.Results LC was completed in 13 of the 15 cases,the other 2 patients were converted to open surgery because of the injury to the right hepatic duct or Mirizzi syndrome.None of the series had intra-abdominal bleeding or infection,bowel injury,or death.The patients were followed up for 3 months to 4 years(over 1 year in 11 cases).None of them developed biliary stenosis or residual calculus.Conclusion Identification of the Calot triangle is crucial to prevent surgical injuries to the extrahepatic biliary tree.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the economic value between patent application and know-how,the two measures for intellectual property rights protection of traditional Chinese medicine.METHOD:The legal features of intellectual property rights protection for Chinese traditional medicine were analyzed and its economic value was evaluated with economic model.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The know-how has a greater economic value to enterprises under the current intellectual property rights protection system.

Objective To investigate dynamic expressions of cortex clusterin (CLU) and intervention effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on neonatal rats with recurrent seizures.Methods Thirty-six-8-day postnatal SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group (NS + ND group,n =12),and the recurrent-seizure and normal diet group (RS + ND group,n =12),and the recurrent-seizure and KD group (RS + KD group,n =12).From 9 d,rats in RS + ND group and RS + KD group were subjected to recurrent seizures induced by volatile flurothyl 30 min each day for consecutive 8 days.Rats in NS + ND group were placed into the container for an equal amount of time to their counterpart without exposure to flurothyl.Scores on neurological behaviors at 35 days postnatally were examined.CLU protein levels in cerebral cortex were determined by Western blot at 58 days postnatally.Results Neurodevelopmental indicators analysis:in the plane righting experiment,there were significant differences between NS + ND group [(1.03 ± 0.54) s],R S + KD group [(0.89 ± 0.16) s] and RS + ND group [(0.64 ± 0.30) s] about the time of plane righting (all P ＜ 0.05) ; in the negative geotaxis reaction experiment,the rats of NS + ND group [(1.92 ± 0.90) s],and RS + KD group [(5.17 ± 0.72) s] about the time of negative geotaxis reaction were significantly different compared with RS + ND gouup [(7.33 ± 0.65) s] (all P ＜ 0.01).In the cliff avoidance test,there were significant differences between NS + ND group,R S + KD group [(4.33 ± 2.54) s,(8.75 ± 2.26) s] and R S + ND group [(16.58 ± 4.25) s] about the time of cliff avoidance (all P ＜ 0.01).Western blot showed that the expression of CLU in cerebral cortex of the RS + ND group [(2.24 ± 0.53) s] was obviously increased compared with NS + ND group [(1.44 ± 0.11) s] (P ＜0.01),and there also had significant difference between RS + KD group [(1.56 ±0.24) s] and RS + ND group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions It shows that the up-regulated expression of CLU in cerebral cortex may be associated with recurrent neonatal seizure-induced brain damage,while KD may protect them from recurrent neonatal seizure-induced brain damage by down-regulating expression of CLU.

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Objective To explore neurobehavioral changes in rats with recurrent seizures and the prevention effect of melatonin.Methods 6-day-old (P6) SD rats were randomly divided into four groups of 24 (n =6):the control group (CONT),melatonin per se group (MEL),recurrent neonatal seizure group (RS) and melatonin administration prior to RS group (RS + MEL).Rats in RS group were subjected to 5 seizures with flurothyl during the first 14 days of life.In RS + MEL group,melatonin was injected at 8:00 before seizures were induced.Neurobehavioral tests including Plane righting experiment,Cliff avoidance test,the grip-strength test and negative geotaxis test were implemented on P24,while open field test on P35.Results (1) Plane righting experiment:the time of plane righting in RS group ((0.33 ± 0.51)s) was significantly shorter than that in the CONT group ((1.17 ± 0.40) s) and RS + MEL group ((0.50 ± 0.54) s) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Cliff avoidance test:the time of cliff avoidance in RS group ((16.00 ± 6.32) s) was significantly longer than that in CONT group ((4.00 ± 2.60) s)(P ＜ 0.01),while the time of cliff avoidance in RS + MEL group ((7.67 ± 3.26) s) was shorter than that in the RS group (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The grip-strength test:compared with CONT group ((49.50 ± 28.96) s),the time needed to hold on wire in RS group((11.67 ± 7.58)s)was significantly shorter (P ＜ 0.05) and longer in RS+ MEL group ((24.83 ± 6.61) s) (P ＜ 0.05).(4) Negative geotaxis test:the time for rats to turn 180° upward in RS group((7.67 ± 1.36) s) was longer than that in the CONT group ((4.50 ± 2.66) s) and RS + MEL group ((6.17 ± 0.75) s) (P ＜ 0.05).(5) Open field test:the time for rats to begin to run in the RS group ((8.17 ± 3.86) s) was longer than that in the CONT group ((3.00 ± 1.41) s) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The neurobehaviors are damaged following flurothyl-induced recurrent neonatal seizures,and melatonin can reduce the neurobehavioral injury.

Objective To investigate the activation and clinical significance of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway related protein and eukaryotic translation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in gastric cancer.Methods The activation of mTOR and 4E-BP1 in gastric cancer tissues of 38 surgical patients were detected by immunohistochemical method.The differences of phosphorylated mTOR and 4E-BP1 expression among cancerous tissues,para-cancerous tissues and normal gastric mucosa tissues and dinicopathological variables were analyzed by Chi square test and Kruskal-Wallis test.Results The positive expression rate of phosphorylated mTOR in the gastric cancerous tissues was significantly higher than that of para-cancerous tissues and normal tissues [71.1％ (27/38),50.0 ％ (19/38) and 44.7 ％ (17/38),x2 =11.031,P =0.026].The positive expression rate of downstream protein 4E-BP1 in the gastric cancer tissues was also significantly higher than that of paracancerous tissues and normal tissues [68.4％(26/38),57.9％(22/38) and 28.9％ (11/38),x2 =13.943,P=0.007].There was no correlation between phosphorylated mTOR and 4E-BP1 expression and tumor Lauren's sub-type,infiltration,differentiation degree,lymph node metastasis and patient's age.There was statistical significant difference between activated 4E-BP1 expression and tumor size in gastric cancer (H=3.86,P＜0.05).Conclsions mTOR pathway was over activated in gastric cancer.There was difference between phosphorylation degree of its downstream protein 4E-BP1 and the tumor size.