Objective To study the relationship between insulin resistance and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RASS) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to provide the best treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension . Methods Ninety cases of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. After stratified by gender, all the patients were divided into hypertension group and non-hypertension group. According to whether taking hypotensor, the patients with hypertension were further divided into non-medication group, calcium channel blockers (CCB) group, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) group respectively. Results In female patients with hypertension, the IAI, levels of rennin and angiotensin II were higher than those in non-hypertension group and the systolic pressure of female patients taking ARB was lower than those taking CCB. Pearson′s correlation analysis showed that angiotensin II and aldosterone was positively correlated with HOMA-IR but negatively correlated with IAI in females. Conclusions In female newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus , RASS is related to the development of insulin resistance , so RASS antagonists are the first choice to achieve better blood glucose control in female patients.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the homogeneity and stability of domestic cefetamet pivoxil hydro-chloride oral solid preparation and its control standrads. METHODS:105 batches of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride preparations (tablets,granules,dry suspensions and dispersible tablets)were tested by statutory inspection test in respects of property,identifi-cation,weight difference or load difference,moisture,microbiological limits,related substances,dissolution degree and content, etc.,and results were analyzed. Exploratory research was conducted for its impurity sources,dissolution consistency evaluation, the correlation between the remaining validity period with relative substance and content,etc. RESULTS:Statutory tests showed, 103 batches were qualified in the 105 batches of samples(98.1%). The unqualified items were property and related substances,the other items met relevant regulations. Besides,the determination method for related substances in dispersed tablets was quite differ-ent with other preparations. Results of exploratory research showed the related substances in preparations originated from raw materi-als,degradation reaction in manufacturing or storage. Compared with domestic reference tablets and granules,f2 of dissolution of other products were mostly less than 50;there was no correlation in related substances,content with the remaining validity period. CONCLUSIONS:The 105 batches of domestic oral solid preparation of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride are basically qualified;cur-rent standard is basically feasible for tablets,granules and dry suspensions,while the standard for dispersible tablets needed to be improved immediately.

Objective To investigate the influence of parental compliance on the therapeutic effect of children with epilepsy.Methods Two hundred and sixty children with epilepsy and their parents admitted to the First People's Hospital of Wenling from December 2013 to June 2016 were enrolled,and the classical Morisky medication adherence questionnaire (MMAS-8) was applied to evaluate the compliance of parents for treatment of their children with epilepsy;after the patient taking drug for 3 days,fasting venous blood was collected in the morning,the concentration of the blood drug was tested and the influence of parent compliance on the blood drug concentration of the child with epilepsy was evaluated.Results In 260 patients,122 cases took karma form,and 138 cases took valproate orally.There were parents with good medication compliance in 130 cases (50％),medium medication compliance 80 cases (30.76％) and poor adherence to the doctor order in 50 cases (19.23％).In cases using medication irregularly,there were 26 cases sometimes without taking any drug (10.0％),17 patients' medication being interrupted (6.54％) and 10 cases having excessive medication (3.85％);no relationships were found between parental compliance and each of the following items,family role,occupation and age (all P ＞ 0.05);and the compliance was related to gender,indicating that women's good compliance level was higher than that of males';the education level was positively proportional to the compliance,and the compliance of parents with senior high school or above degree was higher than those with primary school and junior secondary school levels (83 cases vs.9 cases,38 cases,both P ＜ 0.01).Under situation of parents with poor compliance,their children had blood drug concentration higher or lower than proper range of drug level (high in 22 cases,low in 41 cases,higher than the result in good compliance 0 cases and 17 cases respectively),thus seriously affected the safety and efficacy of the treatment;the patients' frequency of irregular medication in parents' good compliance group was significantly lower than that in parents' poor compliance group [3.08％ (4/130) vs.72.0％ (36/50),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion To improve the therapeutic effect of epileptic children,their parental good cooperation is necessary.

Objective·To prepare chitosan-gelatin porous microspheres by high voltage electrostatic method combined with freeze-drying and ionic cross-linking method and investigate the factors that influence the formation of porous medium.Methods·Porous chitosan microspheres and chitosangelatin porous microspheres were prepared using high voltage electrostatic method combined with freeze-drying and ionic cross-linking method,with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as crosslinking agent.Factors that affect the porous structure and pore size of porous microspheres were compared,such as different chitosan-gelatin ratio,freezing temperature,curing time with saturated STPP in 85％ ethanol solution.The morphology,surface and internal structure,particle size of the porous chitosan microspheres and chitosan-gelatin porous microspheres were observe by using light microscope,scanning electron microscope and hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results·Microspheres prepared by freeze-drying with an electrostatic and ionic cross-linking method have open,interconnected and highly macroporous,with good spherical surface.Saturated STPP ethanol solution (85％ ethanol) was chosen as the crosslinking agent to prevent destruction of the porous structure.The order of freeze and crosslinking,cross-linking time and the second freezing temperature,can influence the pore size of porous microspheres.Gelatin and chitosan can form polyelectrolyte complexes,and can also be used as porogen in porous structure.Conclusion·The preparation of porous chitosan-gelatin microspheres via this method has a large pore size (diameter 100-200 μm),suitable for cell growth and the migration.

Objective To establish an autoregression moving average (ARMA) model for predicting general traffic accidents and analyzing distributional difference on time series and frequency of common traffic accident so as to provide certain basis for a prediction model with better stability and accuracy. Methods The data of road traffic accidents in one newly developed zone of Chongqing in 2000-2005 were collected. The monthly distribution regularity of road traffic accidents was analyzed with descriptive epidemiologic method. ARMA model was set up for retrospective and prospective prediction. The predicted data were compared. Results Based on the characteristics of monthly distribution, the frequency of general traffic accidents in this area showed a cyclic fashion. The frequency of general traffic accidents predicted by ARMA model had over 80% of coincidence with the actual value. Conclusion The ARMA model can be used to predict the frequency of general traffic accidents, with better accuracy of short-term prediction than the long-term prediction.

Purpose: To determine the non-contrast computer tomography imaging features of pyonephrosis and evaluate the predictive value of Hounsfield units (HUs) in different hydronephrotic region slices. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with hydronephrosis who had renal-ureteral calculi. All patients were categorized into pyonephrosis and simple hydronephrosis groups. Baseline characteristics, the mean HU values in the maximal hydronephrotic region (uHU) slice, and the range of uHU in different slices (△uHU) were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pyonephrosis. Results: Among the 181 patients enrolled in the current study, 71 patients (39.2%) were diagnosed with pyonephrosis. The mean dilated pelvis surface areas were comparable between patients with pyonephrosis and simple hydronephrosis (822.61 ㎟ vs.877.23 ㎟ , p=0.722). Collecting system debris (p=0.022), a higher uHU (p=0.038), and a higher △uHU (p<0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for pyonephrosis based on multivariate analysis. The △uHU sensitivity and specificity were 88.7% and 86.4%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 6.56 (p<0.001), whereas the sensitivity and specificity for detecting pyonephrosis at a uHU cutoff value of 7.96 was 50.7% and 70.9%, respectively (p=0.003). Conclusions Non-contrast computer tomography was shown to accurately distinguish simple hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis in patients with obstructive uropathy. Evaluation of the △uHU in different slices may be more reliable than the uHU acquired from a single slice in predicting pyonephrosis.

Purpose: To determine the non-contrast computer tomography imaging features of pyonephrosis and evaluate the predictive value of Hounsfield units (HUs) in different hydronephrotic region slices. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with hydronephrosis who had renal-ureteral calculi. All patients were categorized into pyonephrosis and simple hydronephrosis groups. Baseline characteristics, the mean HU values in the maximal hydronephrotic region (uHU) slice, and the range of uHU in different slices (△uHU) were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pyonephrosis. Results: Among the 181 patients enrolled in the current study, 71 patients (39.2%) were diagnosed with pyonephrosis. The mean dilated pelvis surface areas were comparable between patients with pyonephrosis and simple hydronephrosis (822.61 ㎟ vs.877.23 ㎟ , p=0.722). Collecting system debris (p=0.022), a higher uHU (p=0.038), and a higher △uHU (p<0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for pyonephrosis based on multivariate analysis. The △uHU sensitivity and specificity were 88.7% and 86.4%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 6.56 (p<0.001), whereas the sensitivity and specificity for detecting pyonephrosis at a uHU cutoff value of 7.96 was 50.7% and 70.9%, respectively (p=0.003). Conclusions Non-contrast computer tomography was shown to accurately distinguish simple hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis in patients with obstructive uropathy. Evaluation of the △uHU in different slices may be more reliable than the uHU acquired from a single slice in predicting pyonephrosis.

Purpose: To determine the non-contrast computer tomography imaging features of pyonephrosis and evaluate the predictive value of Hounsfield units (HUs) in different hydronephrotic region slices. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with hydronephrosis who had renal-ureteral calculi. All patients were categorized into pyonephrosis and simple hydronephrosis groups. Baseline characteristics, the mean HU values in the maximal hydronephrotic region (uHU) slice, and the range of uHU in different slices (△uHU) were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pyonephrosis. Results: Among the 181 patients enrolled in the current study, 71 patients (39.2%) were diagnosed with pyonephrosis. The mean dilated pelvis surface areas were comparable between patients with pyonephrosis and simple hydronephrosis (822.61 ㎟ vs.877.23 ㎟ , p=0.722). Collecting system debris (p=0.022), a higher uHU (p=0.038), and a higher △uHU (p<0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for pyonephrosis based on multivariate analysis. The △uHU sensitivity and specificity were 88.7% and 86.4%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 6.56 (p<0.001), whereas the sensitivity and specificity for detecting pyonephrosis at a uHU cutoff value of 7.96 was 50.7% and 70.9%, respectively (p=0.003). Conclusions Non-contrast computer tomography was shown to accurately distinguish simple hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis in patients with obstructive uropathy. Evaluation of the △uHU in different slices may be more reliable than the uHU acquired from a single slice in predicting pyonephrosis.

Purpose: To determine the non-contrast computer tomography imaging features of pyonephrosis and evaluate the predictive value of Hounsfield units (HUs) in different hydronephrotic region slices. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from patients with hydronephrosis who had renal-ureteral calculi. All patients were categorized into pyonephrosis and simple hydronephrosis groups. Baseline characteristics, the mean HU values in the maximal hydronephrotic region (uHU) slice, and the range of uHU in different slices (△uHU) were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pyonephrosis. Results: Among the 181 patients enrolled in the current study, 71 patients (39.2%) were diagnosed with pyonephrosis. The mean dilated pelvis surface areas were comparable between patients with pyonephrosis and simple hydronephrosis (822.61 ㎟ vs.877.23 ㎟ , p=0.722). Collecting system debris (p=0.022), a higher uHU (p=0.038), and a higher △uHU (p<0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for pyonephrosis based on multivariate analysis. The △uHU sensitivity and specificity were 88.7% and 86.4%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 6.56 (p<0.001), whereas the sensitivity and specificity for detecting pyonephrosis at a uHU cutoff value of 7.96 was 50.7% and 70.9%, respectively (p=0.003). Conclusions Non-contrast computer tomography was shown to accurately distinguish simple hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis in patients with obstructive uropathy. Evaluation of the △uHU in different slices may be more reliable than the uHU acquired from a single slice in predicting pyonephrosis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pathogenic variants of the KIF1A gene and its corresponding protein structure in an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) family trio carrying harmful missense variants in the KIF1A gene. METHODS: The peripheral blood DNA of the patient and his parents was extracted and sequenced using whole exome sequencing (WES) technology and verified by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics software SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Mutation Taster, and CADD software were used to analyze the harmfulness and conservation of variants. The Human Brain Transcriptome (HBT) database was used to analyze the expression of the KIF1A gene in the brain. PredictProtein and SWISS-MODEL were further used to predict the secondary structure and tertiary structure of KIF1A wild-type protein and variant protein. PyMOL V2.4 was utilized to investigate the change of hydrogen bond connection after protein variant. RESULTS: The WES sequencing revealed a missense variant c.664A>C (p.Asn222His) in the child's KIF1A gene, and this variant was a de novo variant. The harmfulness prediction results suggest that this variant is harmful. By analyzing expression level of KIF1A gene in the brain. It is found that KIF1A gene widely expressed in various brain regions during embryonic development. By analyzing the variant protein structure, the missense variant of KIF1A will cause many changes in the secondary structure of protein, such as alpha-helix, beta-strand, and protein binding domain. The connection of hydrogen bond and spatial structure will also change, thereby changing the original biological function. CONCLUSION The KIF1A gene may be a risk gene for ASD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics* ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Kinesin/genetics* ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Pregnancy ; Protein Domains ; Whole Exome Sequencing