OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of analgesic drugs for advanced cancer,moderate to severe pain. METHODS:The data of narcotic drugs and first type psychotropic drugs were collected from hospital information system of a third grade class A hospital during 2012-2014,and then analyzed in respects of amount,consumption sum and DDDs,etc. RE-SULTS:The amount of narcotic drugs and first type psychotropic drugs kept stable basically,and the consumption sum of them during 2012-2014 was 1 566 289.92 yuan,1 525 220.23 yuan and 1 531 277.44 yuan. The consumption sum of Morphine hydrochlo-ride tablet increased the fastest,increasing by 89.78% in 2013 and 142.81% in 2014,compared with the year before;those of other drugs had negative growth rate. DDDs of Morphine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets were the highest among all the narcotics and first type psychotropic drugs and increased year by year,increasing from 26 848.00 in 2012 to 47 158.00 in 2014. CONCLU-SIONS:The use of narcotic drugs and first type psychotropic drugs conform to the specifications,but they still need strict supervi-sion to promote safe and effective use of them in the clinic.

BACKGROUND:Overproduction of thyroid hormones is shown to increase the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, stimulating bone resorption and transformation. Inadequate compensation of increased bone resorption by bone transformation results in an increased loss of bone mass.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of hyperthyroidism on the density of the alveolar bone.
METHODS:Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were equal y randomized into hyperthyroidism group and control group. Rabbits in the hyperthyroidism group or control group were daily injected intraperitoneal y with 50μg/kg levothyrocine diluted in physiological saline solution or equal volume of physiological saline. At 8 weeks after treatment, serum levels of thyroid hormones (FT3 and FT4), alkaline phosphatase, magnesium and calcium, phosphorus were determined;meanwhile, the bone densities of the lumbar vertebra, mandible, bilateral distal femur were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and the correlation analysis was performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 8 weeks after treatment, serum levels of FT3, FT4, alkaline phosphatase calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in the hyperthyroidism group were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the bone densities of the lumbar vertebra, mandible, bilateral distal femur were significantly decreased (P<0.05), compared with the control group. Bone density of the mandible was positively correlated with the bone density the lumbar vertebra and bilateral distal femur. These findings suggest that the changes in FT3 and FT4 are sufficient for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism results in the decreased density of the alveolar bone, indicating the occurrence of osteoporosis.

Rotavirus is the leading causal agent of severe acute gastroenteritis in children aged <5 years. A specific pharmacologic agent for the treatment of rotavirus-infected children is lacking. In China, only the Luo Tewei oral vaccine (Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, China), which is produced from Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR), is available. Studies have hypothesized that the genotype of LLR is G10P[12], To identify the genotype of LLR by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we showed that the VP7 and VP4 genotypes of LLR were G10 and P[15], respectively, based on sequencing, alignment and phylogenetic analyses. In conclusion, we identified the genotype of rotavirus strain LLR to be G10P[15].
China ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rotavirus ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections ; virology ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Childhood is an important period of the development of attention, memory, intelligence and other neurocognitive functions in life.A normal neurocognitive development can have a positive impact on children′s long-term learning and life.Therefore, it is very important to concern the development process of neurocognition in children, which is challenging to be objectively assessed without an accurate and efficient index.Sleep slow wave activity, as a kind of electroencephalogram measurement index, is of great significance to the evaluation of brain structure and function in children, and it is also a high-quality index to evaluate children′s neurocognitive development.This study mainly reviews the evaluation of sleep slow wave activity in children′s neurocognitive development, aiming to provide refe-rence for exploring the normal and abnormal process of children′s neurocognitive development.

Objective To analyze characteristics of muscle activity and changes of corresponding kinematic parameters of the lower limbs for the elderly carrying heavy objects under synchronous stop modes, and explore the effects of hand weight-bearing and stop modes on gait stability and body balance of the elderly. Methods The ankle, knee, hip joint angles and surface electromyography (EMG) signals of bilateral lower limbs were collected under the condition of emergency stop and planned stop by loading 0 kg, 2.5 kg on both hands and 5 kg on right hand. Results Under different weight-bearing modes, the ankle and hip angles of bilateral lower limbs were significantly different (P<0.05), while the knee angles did not change significantly, and different stop modes significantly affected the angle changes in each joint (P <0.001); the average EMG of tibia anterior muscle, lateral femoral muscle, and biceps femoris in braking leg showed higher muscle activity during emergency stop. Conclusions In order to cope with the instability caused by weight-bearing and emergency stop, the elderly will have a corresponding balance mechanism in the lower limbs. During an emergency stop, braking the tibialis anterior muscle of the leg requires a higher muscle activity level to control flexion angle of the ankle joint, thereby reducing amplitude of the ankle joint fluctuation. The single-handed load increases the muscle performance differences between the braking leg and trailing leg, resulting in the lateral instability.