Rhodiola capsules show the resistant effects on ischemia, anoxia, radiation, fatigue and virus and so on, and can im-prove the body immune function to relief the plateau symptoms such as fatigue and cerebral hypoxia. The influence mechanism of rhodi-ola capsules in the effect of anti-high altitude pulmonary edema was summarized in the paper.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against interleukin (IL)-17-induced injury to keratinocytes,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Some cultured HaCaT cells were divided into 3 groups to be treated with IL-17 alone at concentrations of 50,70,90 μg/L,respectively,with those receiving no treatment as the blank control group.Some HaCaT cells were divided into 5 groups:IL-17 group treated with 90 μg/L IL-17 alone,IL-17 + EGCG group treated with 90 μg/L IL-17 and 60 μmol/L EGCG,IL-17 + SP600125 group treated with 90 μg/L IL-17 and SP600125 (a JAK signaling pathway inhibitor),IL-17+ EGCG + anisomycin group treated with 90μg/L IL-17,60xmol/L EGCG and anisomycin (a Janus kinase signaling pathway activator),and blank control group receiving no treatment.After different durations of treatment,CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate cellular proliferative activity,flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure expression levels of IL-6,IL-23 and IL-8,and Western-blot analysis to determine protein expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylated JNK (P-JNK).Results IL-17 promoted cellular proliferation of HaCaT cells,and the proliferation rate,which was correlated with the concentration of IL-17,reached the maximum in the 90-μg/L IL-17 group (P ＜ 0.05).EGCG at 60 μmol/L significantly inhibited cellular proliferation of,promoted apoptosis in,and reduced IL-6,IL-23 and IL-8 expressions in,HaCaT cells induced by 90 μg/L IL-17 (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the IL-17 group,the IL-17 + EGCG group and IL-17 + SP600125 group both showed significantly decreased P-JNK expression,cell proliferation rate and IL-6,IL-23 and IL-8 expression levels (all P ＜ 0.05).However,compared with the IL-17 + EGCG group,the IL-17 + EGCG + anisomycin group showed significantly increased protein expression of P-JNK,cell proliferation rate and IL-6,IL-23 and IL-8 expression levels (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion EGCG protected against IL-17-induced injury to HaCaT cells,such as abnormal cell proliferation,apoptosis and inflammatory response,likely by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of low frequency electrical pulse therapy combined with α-lipoic acid on diabetic gastroparesis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 65 patients diagnosed as diabetic gastroparesis were selected from our hospital and divided into three groups according to random number table:the control group(n =23,the α-lipoic acid treatment),the conventional treatment group (n =16),and the experimental group (n =26,treating with α-lipoic acid combined with low-frequency electrical pulse therapy).All patients received the conventional diabetic therapy.Clinical effects,gastric emptying rate and serum gastrin(GAS) and fasting blood glucose levels were compared before versus after treatment among the three groups.Results The cure and total effective rates were higher in the experimental group than in the control group [46.15％ (12 cases) vs.30.43％ (7 cases),80.76％ (20 cases) vs.65.21％ (15 cases),x2 =0.867,P＜0.05].There were significant differences in gastric emptying rate,serum gastrin and fasting plasma glucose levels among the 3 treatment groups before versus after treatment.And the gastric emptying rate and serum gastrin level were better improved in the experimental groups compared with the conventional treatment and control groups.Conclusions The low-frequency electrical pulse therapy combined with α-lipoic acid has a significant clinical efficacy,which can improve clinical effects,promote gastric emptying,decrease fasting plasma glucose levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To investigate the effect of the exogenous fragile hisdidine triad(FHIT) gene on the proliferation and the apoptosis of cutaneous carcinoma cell line A431,and to explore the mechanism of tumor suppression by the FHIT gene.Methods The plasmids pcDNA3-FHIT and pcDNA3-vector were transfected into the cutaneous carcinoma cell line A431 without FHIT gene expression,and then the transfected cells were screened by G418 and the expression of FHIT was determined by the immunocytochemical staining technique.The effect of FHIT on the growth characteristics of cutaneous carcinoma cell line A431 was observed by MTT,colony forming test and flow cytometry.Results Stable FHIT gene expressing A431 cells were produced,the proliferation activity and colony forming capability of A431FHIT were suppressed,whereas the apoptosis was increased.All these differences between A431-FHIT cells and the two control groups of cutaneous carcinoma cells had statistical significance.Conclusion Transfecting the exogenous FHIT gene into cutaneous carcinoma cells line A431can suppress the proliferation of tumor cells,and can also induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Objective:This article analyzes the epidemic situation and characteristics of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Russian Federation (referred to as Russia), summarizes the effective measures and problems exposed by Russia to deal with COVID-19, so as to provide reference for our country's epidemic prevention and control, and seek the direction of cooperation under the background of Sino Russia scientific and technological innovation in view of public health emergency.Methods:The epidemic characteristics and prevention and control measures were analyzed based on the data released by official authoritative news media such as Sputnik News Agency & Radio and Stopcoronavirus Website.Results:Russia's first confirmed case was on January 31, 2020 and its first peak of epidemic outbreak was on May 10, 2020. Thanks to a series of prevention and control measures and isolation and detection systems established by the Russia government according with national conditions, such as establishment of COVID-19 medical treatment centers, restrictions on alcohol sales, and the accelerating development of the vaccine and test kit the epidemic was basically controlled at the end of August in 2020. In September, Russia saw the second peak of the outbreak of COVID-19.Conclusions:The fatality rate of COVID-19 in Russia has been at a low level. Therefore, its prevention and control measures, experience and even its deficiencies are worth of learning by China. And we should also strengthen cooperation with Russia in the field of vaccine research and development and its clinical trials.

Objective To explore radiation-induced esophagitis and its related factors in the patients with local advanced non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) which were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). Methods From January 2001 to December 2008, 203 patients who suffered from stageⅢNSCLC were achieved, including 163 males and 40 females, with a median age of 63 years old, while 79 cases were in stageⅢa and 124 in stageⅢb . The equivalent median dose of tumor was 62 Gy( range of 50-78 Gy) . Among them, 74 cases were administered with radiotherapy alone, 45 with sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy, 87 cases with concurrent radiochemotherapy. Radiation esophagitis was evaluated with RTOG standard. The dosimetric parameters was estimated from dose volume histogrma ( DVH ) . The clinical and dosimetric parameters of radiation esophagitis were evaluated by spearman correlatived univariate and Logistic multivariable analysis. Results After radiotherapy, out of 203 patients, 87 had acute radiation esophagitis(RE), 47 in grade 1, 37 in grade 2, and 3 in grade 3 RE. According to spearman correlatived analysis, the correlatived factors included ages, chemotherapy, GTV, PTV, the mean doses of PTV and lung, the max and mean dose of esophagus, V40 , V45 ,V50 ,V55 ,V60 , length of esophagus( total circumference) treated with 45 Gy ( LETT45 ) , and LETT50 ( r=-0. 162-0. 235,P<0. 05). All the 14 factors had good correlation with RE in univariate analysis. But for other factors,such as gender, site of tumor, smoking, T, N, clinical stage, equivalent dose of tumor, style of radiation, the mean dose of GTV, LETT55 and LETT60 , there were not correlation with ≥grade 2 RE with univariate analysis(r= -0. 106-0. 122, P>0. 05). There were 21 factors, such as gender, age, smoking, clinical stage, site of tumor, chemotherapy, GTV, PTV, mean dose of PTV and lung, max and mean dose of esophagus, V40 -V60 of esophagus, LETT45-60 , incorporated into multivariable analysis, only chemotherapy and V45 of esophagus were independent predicted factors(Wald=4. 626, 9?882, P<0. 05). Conclusions In local advanced NSCLC after 3D-CRT, chemotherapy ( especially concurrent radiochemotherapy) could increase radiation-induced esophagitis. The parameter of DVH could also be used to predict radiation-induced esophagitis, V45 of esophagus may be the most valuable predictor.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of Notch1 gene in xenografted human cutaneous squamous cell (SCL-1) carcinoma. MethodsFifteen nude mice were divided into three groups, including untreated group(inoculated with SCL-1 cells treated with phosphate buffered saline), empty vector group (inoculated with SCL-1 cells transfected with empty vector) and Notch1 group(inoculated with SCL-1 cells transfected with Notch1 expression vector). All the mice were inoculated with SCL-1 cells(1 x 108/ml) of0.2 ml. Then, the growth of xenografted tumor was observed every other day. Fifteen days later, the mice were sacrificed, tumor tissue was dissected and subjected to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for the detection of cell apoptosis, reverse-transcription(RT)-PCR and Western blot for the examination of mRNA and protein expressions of Notch1, bcl-2 and bax, respectively. ResultsThe proliferation of xenografted tumor in Notch1 group was obviously inhibited compared with the untreated group. The weight of xenografted tumor in Notch1 group was significantly lower than that in the untreated group and empty vector group (0.574 ± 0.219 g vs. 2.642 ± 0.404 g and 2.606 ± 0.512 g, F= 26.642, P＜ 0.01). TUNEL assay demonstrated that the number of apoptotic cells per 500 cells in tumor tissue specimens was(87 ± 9) in Notch1 group, evidently higher than that in the untreated group(8 ± 2) and empty vector group(10 ± 3) (F = 194.266, P ＜ 0.05 ). Further, RT-PCR and Western blot revealed that the mRNA and protein expressions of Notch1 and bax were significantly upregulated, but those of bcl-2 were markedly downregulated in the Notch 1 group, with significant difference among the three groups(all P ＜ 0.05). ConclusionsNotch 1 gene can inhibit the growth of xenogra ffted human cutaneous squamous cell(SCL-1) carcinoma and induce SCL-1 cell apoptosis likely by upregulating bax expression and downregulating bcl-2 expression.

Objective To explore the prognosis and related factor of esophageal carcinoma with locoregional lymph node metastasis ( N1 ) treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) or intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Methods From January 2001 to December 2008,60 patients of esophageal carcinoma with localregional lymph node metastasis were treated with 3DCRT and 52 with IMRT.For all patients,dose of tumor was 56 - 70 Gy/28 - 35 fraction/5.6 - 7.0 weeks.Among them,58 cases was treated with chemotherapy including cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil;40 with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and 18 with sequential radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Results After radiotherapy,the total efficiency rate was 98.2％,96.7％ in 3DCRT and 100％ in IMRT ( x2 =1.77,P =0.184 ).The follow-up rate was 99.1％.The number of patients completed follow-up were 68 and 53,respectively at 2-year and 3-year.The 1 and 3-year overall survival rates were 62.5％,23.7％,respectively; the median survival time was 17 months.The 1and 3-year survival rates and median were 52％,19％ and 12.4 months in 3DCRT and 75％,40％ and 17 months in IMRT,respectively (x2 =4.74,P =0.030).The 1 and 3-year free-recurrence survival rates were 64％,45％ in 3DCRT and 72％,59％ in IMRT ( x2 =2.27,P =0.132),respectively.With uninvariate analysis,for female,ages ≤ 65,tumor located in cervical and upper-thoracic,＞5 cm lesion length in barium esophagogram,≤4 cm the largest diameter of lesion in CT scanning image,T4 stage,or semiliquid or liquid diet before radiotherapy,survival rate were higher in IMRT than in 3DCRT group (x2 =4.63,5.56,7.19,5.08,4.43,4.48,8.25;P=0.031,0.018,0.007,0.025,0.035,0.034,0.004,respectively) ; but for male,ages ＞ 65,tumor located in middle and lower-thoracic,≤5 cm lesion length in barium esophagogram,＞4 cm the largest diameter of lesion in CT scanning image,T1 -3 stage,or normal diet before radiotherapy,chemotherapy and dose of radiotherapy ( ＜66 Gy vs ≥66 Gy),no significant difference were found between IMRT and 3DCRT (x2 =1.28,0.27,0.17,0.03,1.98,0.01,0.43,2.45,1.73,1.24,2.64;P=0.258,0.602,0.684,0.859,0.160,0.973,0.511,0.117,0.189,0.234,0.104,respectively).By Cox multivariable regression,only T stage was independent prognostic factor (x2=9.50,P =0.002 ).Conclusions There was some advantage treated with IMRT compared with 3DCRT in patients of esophageal cancer with locoregional lymph node metastasis,but further prospective clinical study is needed to support the conclusion.

Objective To study the effect of down-regulation of PTTG on the proliferation and migration of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCL-1 and its related mechanism. Methods SCL-1 cells were transfected with control siRNA or PTTG-targeting siRNA (PTTG-siRNA), or remained untransfected. After additional culture, the proliferation of SCL-1 cells as observed with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell migration with Boyden chamber. Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and PTTG. Results The proliferation of SCL-1 cells transfected with PTTG-siRNA was markedly deccelarated in comparision with that of untransfected cells and those transfected with control siRNA (both P< 0.05). Real-time PCR and Western blot disclosed a significant decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and PTTG in PTTG-siRNA-transfected SCL-1 cells compared with the other two groups of cells. As real-time PCR showed, the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and PTTG in PTTG-siRNA-transfected SCL-1 cells were 0.8%, 23.2% and 21.3% of those in untransfected cells, respectively. Further more, the number of SCL-1 cells migrating through microporous membrane in the Boyden chamber was significantly smaller in PTTG-siRNA-transfected group than in untransfected group and control siRNA-trans-fected group (51.38 ± 4.71 vs 131.33 ± 6.12 and 127.72 ± 5.20, both P< 0.05). Conclusion The down-regulation of PTTG may deccelarate the proliferation and migration of SCL-1 cells and inhibit the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in SCL-1 cells.

Objective To evaluate effects of ursolic acid (UA) on interleukin?33 (IL?33) expression in HaCaT cells induced by interferon?γ(IFN?γ), and to explore their mechanism. Methods Some HaCaT cells were treated with UA at different concentrations(0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80μmol/L)for 24, 48 and 72 hours separately. Then, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay was conducted to evaluate cell proliferative activity. A cell model of inflammation was established by culture of HaCaT cells with the presence of 200μg/L IFN?γ. Some HaCaT cells were classified into several groups to be treated with IFN?γ(200μg/L)and UA(10 and 15μmol/L)alone or in combination (firstly treated with IFN?γ followed by UA treatment), and those receiving no treatment served as the blank control group. Reverse transcription PCR (RT?PCR) was performed to detect mRNA expressions of IL?6 and IL?33, and Western?blot analysis to measure IL?33 protein expression after 12?hour culture. The expressions of extracelluar signal?regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)and phosphorylated ERK1/2(p?ERK1/2)were also measured by Western?blot analysis after 5?and 60?minute treatments with IFN?γand UA alone or in combination. Results MTT assay showed that the treatments with 5-20μmol/L UA for 24 hours had no effects on cell proliferative activity, while 40-80μmol/L UA could significantly inhibit it at 24, 48 and 72 hours (all P < 0.05). Thus, 10 and 15 μmol/L were chosen as the concentrations of UA for further study. After the treatment with 200μg/L IFN?γ, there was a significant increase in the expressions of IL?33 mRNA(0.812 ± 0.036 vs. 0.412 ± 0.021), IL?6 mRNA(0.947 ± 0.091 vs. 0.595 ± 0.030)and IL?33 protein(1.317 ± 0.119 vs. 0.147 ± 0.036)in HaCaT cells compared with the blank control group(all P<0.05). Compared with the IFN?γgroup, the IFN?γ+10?μmol/L UA group and IFN?γ+15?μmol/L UA group both showed significantly decreased expressions of IL?33 mRNA(0.447 ± 0.042 and 0.438 ± 0.028 respectively, both P<0.05), IL?6 mRNA(0.437 ± 0.099 and 0.350 ± 0.075 respectively, both P<0.05)and IL?33 protein(0.923 ± 0.058 and 0.564 ± 0.113 respectively, both P<0.05). There were no significant differences in IL?33 mRNA expression between the IFN?γ+10?or 15?μmol/L UA group and blank control group(P>0.05), while IL?33 protein expression was significantly lower in the IFN?γ+15?μmol/L UA group than in the IFN?γ+10?μmol/L UA group(P<0.05). The p?ERK1/2 protein expression significantly increased in HaCaT cells treated with IFN?γ for 5 and 60 minutes compared with the blank control group, but significantly decreased in the IFN?γ+15?μmol/L UA group compared with the IFN?γgroup(0.458 ± 0.053 vs. 0.941 ± 0.042 at 5 minutes, 0.302 ± 0.054 vs. 0.509 ± 0.032 at 60 minutes, both P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the total ERK1/2 protein expression between the IFN?γ+15?μmol/L UA group and IFN?γgroup at 5 or 60 minutes. Conclusion UA can suppress IL?33 expression in HaCaT cells induced by IFN?γ, likely by regulating expressions of the ERK signaling pathway?related proteins.