Objective To study the quantitative analysis of myocardial reperfusion after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) in patients with coronary diseases. Methods The contrast agent of SonoVue via vein route using contrast pulse sequencing (CPS)MCE were performed in 15 patients with coronary diseases before and after the PCI. The intensity of amplitude (A) ,slope(β), A ×β, the contrast arrival times (AT) and the arrival peak times (TTP) were calculated with the autotracking contrast quantification software. Results Clear images of the left ventricle were well displayed in all the patients. There were satisfied images in the normal perfusion area of the myocardium,but not in the abnormal. AT,TTP and A ×β were significantly different between the abnormal and the normal perfusion area ( P ＜0. 05). The myocardial reperfusion significantly increased in the group that the coronary stenosis was greater than 70% after PCI( P ＜0. 05). There was no change in the group that the coronary stenosis was less than 70% ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions PCI can efficiently improve the myocardial microcirculation. MCE can accurately, rapidly, and efficiently reveal the reperfusion status of myocardium after PCI.

Objective To investigate the relationship between depression and personality and social support of the urban and rural empty-nest, clear the influence factors of depression in the empty-nest elderly. Methods 398 cases of urban and rural empty-nesters selected from the Chifeng district, were valuated with the general information questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Eysenck personality Questionnaire- Revised Short Scalr for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) and the Social Support Scale (SSRS), and to investigate the demographic data, depression, personality and social support. Results Rural cases had a higher level (14.41±3.09) points of depression than (12.90±2.64) points of urban cases, and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.254, P<0.01);rural empty nesters′subjective support (18.35 ± 2.14) points, objective support (6.37 ± 1.40) points, support utilization degree (6.01 ± 1.17) points and social support score (30.37 ± 4.24) points, were lower than (19.83 ± 2.27) points, (7.34 ± 1.13) points, (6.95 ± 1.12) points, (34.12 ± 3.73) points of urban′s, and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.673-8.490, P<0.01); the extraversion score of urban empty nesters was (7.58 ± 2.51) points which was higher than (6.37 ± 2.02) points of rural empty nesters, and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.273, P<0.01);the neuroticism score (10.38 ± 2.06) points and psychoticism score (9.42 ± 2.17) points of urban empty-nest were lower than (12.41 ± 2.25) points, (10.94 ± 2.10) points of empty-nest′s, and the difference was statistically significant (t=9.401, 7.107, P<0.01). Neuroticism and psychoticism was shown to be positively associated with depression while extraversion and social support to be negatively associated with depression (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that marital status, income, children visit frequency and the education level were the main influencing factors of depression in the urban and rural empty-nesters. Conclusions There are differences between rural and urban empty-nest elderly in the aspect of general data, depression status, personality and social support, and should intervention them effectively according to their different characteristics.

By participating in the national medical colleges and universities students' clinical skill competition and summarizing the experiences after the competition,we reflected on problems and weakness in the past clinical teaching including weak sterile concept and lack of clinical thinking,humanities,communication skills,teamwork awareness,etc.We should take methods to future improve medical students' clinical training capabilities including strengthening the concept of sterile and clinical skills,promoting training of comprehensive clinical thinking ability and problem-solving ability,emphasizing on humane care and communication between doctors and patients; cultivating teamwork awareness thus to comprehensively enhance the overall quality of medical students.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of semiconductor lasers irradiation after routine root canal preparation on root cannal seal.Methods:60 Single-rooted freshly extracted human teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=10).The crowns were removed at the cementoenamel junction and the roots were endodontically prepared with conventional methods.The roots in groups A and B were irradiated with 1 W semiconductor laser for 20 s,in group C and D were ultrasonically washed for 1 min,in group E and F without any treatment were used as the controls.Then all the roots were filled by vertical condensation of warm gutta-percha.The root cannal seal was evaluated with microleakage measurement.The data was analyzed by ANOVA.The teeth of group B,D and F were sectioned and examined under scanning electron microscope(SEM).Results:The microleakage(mm) of group A,C and E was 1.70±0.82,2.02±0.40 and 4.56±2.72 respectively(A vs E,P<0.01;C vs E,P<0.05;A vs C,P>0.05).SEM observation showed the melting,narrowness or closure of most dentinal tubules in group B,past and/or gutta-percha in the most dentinal tubules of group D.Conclusion:Semiconductor laser irradiation prior to root cannal filling can promote the effects of cannal seal.

A total of 118 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into acarbose treatment group ( A group,n =58 ) and no acarbose treatment group ( B group,n =60),and 57 healthy subjects were used as control group (C group).The quantification of fecal bifidobacteria and enterococcus faecalis in these subjects was made by realtime PCR.The results showed that fecal bifidobacteria contents in A and B groups were lower and enterococcus faecalis contents were higher compared with C group.After four weeks of intervention,fecal bifidobacteria contents in A and B groups increased ( P＜0.01 ),especially in A group,while enterococcus faecalis contents decreased ( P＜0.05 )compared with the baseline.Univariate correlation analysis showed that bifidobacteria content was negatively associated with lipopolysaccharides(LPS),advanced glycation index,high sensitive C reactive protein ( hs-CRP),and body mass index ( BMI ) at baseline ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ).The enterococcus faecalis content was positively associated with levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,LPS,tumor necrosis factor-α,hs-CRP,plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,BMI,and HbA1c (P ＜0.01 ).After four weeks of intervention,the above associations disappeared.Stepwise multivariate regression showed that basal BMI,HbA1c,and age contributed to the increase in the number of enterococcus faecalis,and BMI negatively contributed to the decrease in number of bifidobacteria.

ObjectiveTo investigate the number of γδT cells in the peripheral blood from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and their correlation to disease activity.MethodsγδT cells were detected in the peripheral blood from 42 SLE patients and 20 normal controls by flow cytometry.Anniex-V/Pl double-staining flow cytometry was employed to observe the proportion of the apoptotic γδ and CD3+ T cells in 6 SLE patients with active disease and 6 normal controls,respectively.The levels of plasma anti-nuclear antibody and anti-dsDNA antibody were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Data were analyzed with t test and Pearson's correlation test.ResultsThe percentages of γδT cells were remarkably down-regulated in SLE patients [(3.0±1.8)％ ] with active disease compared with that of those patients with inactive[(5.3±3.0)％] disease and normal controls [(6.8±2.8)％](t=-3.071 and -5.913 respectively,both P＜0.01 ).The absolute number of γδT cells decreased significantly in SLE patients with active disease[ ( 1.7± 1.6)× 107/L ] than those with inactive SLE [ (5.3±3.6)× 107/L ] (t=-3.292,P＜0.01 ),and both were lower than the normal controls [ (10.1±5.0)×l 07/L] (t=-7.247 and -2.905 respectively,both P＜0.01 ).There was a negative correlation between systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) andT cell counts in 30 SLE patients with active disease (r=-0.365,P=0.047).γδT cell percentage (r=-0.336,P=0.030) and counts (r=-0.410,P=0.007) were both inversely correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate,but positive correlation were found between hemoglobulln and γδT cell counts (r=0.409,P=0.007).The apoptosis ofγδT cells in SLE patients was more common than in normal controls(t=2.886,P＜0.05 ).The number of apoptotic γδT cells was higher than that of CD3+ T cells in SLE patients (t=2.952,P＜0.05 ).Conclusion γδT cells of the peripheral blood of SLE patients are down-regulated partially due to excessive apoptosis,which may correlate with the disease activity.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of chitosan on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation of uremia patients with arteriovenous fistula.Methods Primarily culturing the VSMCs of uremia patients with arteriovenous fistula and patients without uremia by explants adherent method,and taking the second generation.VSMCs from patients without uremia cultured with 20％ FBS medium were non-uremia group,VSMCs of uremia patients cultured with 20％ FBS medium were uremia group,VSMCs of uremia patients with 100 pg/ml chitosan were uremia+ chitosan group.The expression of α-SMA was detected by immunohistochemistry.The changes of migration and invasion of VSMCs were detected by scratches and transwell migration assays.The mRNA expressions of TLR4 and PCNA were measured by real-time PCR.VSMCs of uremia patients with arteriovenous fistula were intervened with different doses of chitosan (0,100 and 500 μg/ml),and the protein expressions of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with those in non-uremia group,in uremia group and uremia+chitosan group α-SMA was upregulated,migration and invasion of VSMCs were enhanced,and mRNA expressions of TLR4 and PCNA were increased (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with those in uremia group,the level of α-SMA was significantly decreased,the ability of migration and invasion of VSMCs were decreased,and the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and PCNA were decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB protein expressions were reduced in concentration-dependent manner by 100 and 500 μg/ml chitosan.Conclusions (1) In vitro,chitosan decreases the ability of migration and invasion of VSMCs of uremia patients with arteriovenous fistula.(2) Chitosan inhibits the proliferation of VSMCs,which may be relevant in the decreased expressions of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB.

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effect of lanthanum hydroxide on chronic renal failure (CRF) hyperphos-phatemia in rats. METHODS:CRF hyperphosphatemia rat model were induced and then randomly divided into model group,lan-thanum carbonate group [0.3 g/(kg·d)],calcium carbonate group [4.2 g/(kg·d)] and lanthanum hydroxide high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [1.5,1,0.5 g/(kg·d)] with 10 rats in each group. They were given adenine 0.2 g/(kg·d)intragastrically in the morning,and then given relevant medicine intragastrically in the afternoon;a week later,they stopped taking adenine but con-tinued to take relevant medicine for 22 d. 10 normal rats were selected as normal control group. General examination was conduct-ed,and renal coefficient,serum contents of calcium,phosphorus,PTH,creatinine(Scr)and usea nitrogen(BUN)were detected after last medication as well as renal pathological change. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,model group showed CRF sign,renal coefficient,the contents of phosphorus,PTH,Scr and BUN were increased,while the content of calcium was de-creased(P<0.01);renal section showed obvious pathological characteristics. Compared with model group,CRF sign of rats were improved in lanthanum carbonate group,calcium carbonate group and lanthanum hydroxide groups. The renal coefficient (except for lanthanum hydroxide high-dose group),serum contents of phosphorus(except for calcium carbonate group),PTH(except for lanthanum hydroxide low-dose group and calcium carbonate group),Scr(except for lanthanum hydroxide low-dose group and calci-um carbonate group)and BUN were all decreased,while serum content of calcium and calcium-phosphorucs product(only in calci-um carbonate group)was increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in other difference. The renal sec-tion pathological characteristics were improved. CONCLUSIONS:Lanthanum hydroxide can improve renal function and reduce the level of serum phosphorus in CRF hyperphosphatemia model rats.

To investigate the protective effect of the seed oil of Abelmoschus esculentus on gastric ulcer,two acute gastric ulcer mice models were established by intragastric administration of aspirin or absolute ethanol,respectively.Clinical index of ulcer area,ulcer index,gastric volume,gastric pH value,free acidity,total acidity,and histopathological assessment were measured to evaluate the injuries of gastric ulcer and the protective effect of okra seed oil In order to comprehensively uncover the possible underlying mechanism,a series of biochemical assays were also performed,including serum TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 and Tbil,NO,MPO and SOD in the stomach included.Moreover,the ALT,AST and ALP in the liver of mice were also tested to evaluate the possible hepatic toxicity of the seed oil.The results indicated that the seed oil of A.esculentus exerted protective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer mice by reducing the ulcer area and ulcer index,declining the free and total acidity,and increasing the pH value of gastric content.Histopathological observation showed the gastric mucosa of the acute gastric ulcer mice induced by alcohol was incomplete and severely damaged,with submucosal edema and nuclear pyknosis,as well as glandular structure disappearing,compared with that of normal mice.What's more,a number of inflammatory cell infiltration occured in the gastric mucosa of alcohol-model mice,with messes of neutrophils,lymphocytes,eosinophils and plasma cells.Okra seed oil could improve the damaged structure of the gastric mucosa and gland caused by ethanol,but could not ameliorate the condensation of nucleus and infiltration of inflammatory cells.Biochemical analysis revealed that the seed oil of A.esculentus could counteract the damage induced by ethanol via decreasing Tbil and TNF-α in serum,decreasing NO and myeloperoxidase,and increasing SOD in stomach.Meanwhile,okra seed oil exhibited protective effect in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer mice by increasing the gastric content pH,and reducing free and total acidity.Compared with the control group,the gastric mucosa of aspirin-model group showed multifocal coagulation necrosis,sheet edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells by histopathological assessment.Compared with the aspirin-model group,the soybean oil group and okra seed oil group could ameliorate the inflammatory cell infiltration.Biochemical analysis revealed that okra seed oil could counteract the injury induced by aspirin via decreasing TNF-α and IL-6,and increasing IL-1O in serum,decreasing NO and MPO and increasing SOD in stomach.In a word,the okra seed oil exerted protective effect on acute gastric ulcer by anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation and hepatocyte protection.The okra seed oil deserves further development and utilization.

Objective To study the effect of a Chinese medicine, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction ( HLJDD) , on ath-erosclerotic plaque, inflammatory factors and regulatory T cells in ApoE-/- mice. Methods High fat diet was given to ApoE-/- mice to establish an atherosclerosis model. 40 male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into five groups:model group, simvastatin group, low, moderate and high dose HLJDD groups (n =8). HLJDD was intragastrically administered in a dose of 3. 5, 7. 0, or 14. 0 g/( kg?bw) once dailg for 16 weeks. The dose of simvastatin was 5. 0 g/( kg?bw). An-other 8 male C57BL/6J mice were taken as control group. At the end of the 29-week experiment, all of the mice were sacri-ficed. The aortic plaques, level of blood lipids, inflammatory factors, Tregs number and the level of Foxp3 mRNA were de-tected and analyzed by ELISA, flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the aortic plaques were much larger in the model group, and the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-6, hs-CRP, and TNF-α were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 01 for all). Meanwhile, the levels of HDL-C, IL-10, TGF-βand Foxp3 mRNA were much lower than those in the control group ( P<0. 01 for all) , and the Tregs numbers were less than that in the control group (P<0. 01). HLJDD regulated the blood lipids in ApoE-/ - mice and decreased the levels of IL-6, hs-CRP, andTNF-α, however increased the levels of IL-10, TGF-β and Foxp3 mRNA. At the same time, it in-creased Tregs number in the ApoE-/ - mice. Compared with the model group, the difference was statistically significancet (P<0. 01). Conclusions HLJDD can significantly alleviate the aortic plaque damages in ApoE-/ - mice. It may be re-lated to the up-regulation of Tregs, which can lead to decrease the expression of serum pro-inflammatory factors such like IL-10, hs-CRP and TNF-α.