Surgery is one of the most important treatments for breast cancer. A part of the early breast cancer patients demand further oncoplastic breast surgery to reconstruct or restore the breast cosmosis after conventional breast conserving surgery, by oncoplastic breast surgery, which is a modern conception and technique including volume dis-placement and volume replacement. Oncoplastic breast surgery using pedicled omental flap is a new approach among volume replacement techniques. It has made some progress in recently years. A systematic review was therefore con-ducted to analyze and illuminate the present status.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis of Crohn's disease(CD)in Ruijin hospital of School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University according to the criteria made by World Health Organization(WHO)and Chinese Medical Association.Methods The consecutive patients with CD diagnosed in Ruijin hospital between 1998 and 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical manifestation.endoscopic,radiologic and pathologic findings of all patients were re-evaluated accordingto the diagnostic criteria of CD proposed by WHO and Chinese Medical Association in 2007.The diagnostic level of CD was assessed.Results Only 5 and 10 patients were confirmed to be well consistent with the criteria of WHO and Chinese Medical Association,respectively.Two hundred and thirty-six patients were confirmed as suspected diagnosis to the criteria of Chinese Medical Association and 20 patients to WHO.The level of endoscopic diagnosis was raised,wherease the level ofpathologic diagnosis was decreased in recent years compared with that before 2004.Conclusion The pathologic diagnosis rate of CD is still at a low level.The current diagnostic level of CD is lagging behind the demand of the guidelines.

Hydatid disease does seriously harm to human and livestock ,and causes huge economic losses to the livestock in‐dustry .Despite the fact that people have made some success in prevention and control of animal hydatid disease after making great efforts during the past few decades ,however ,there still remain many problems and challenges .In order to facilitate the research in animal hydatid disease in China ,here we reviewed the problems and challenges in the prevention and control of this disease and put forward several proposals on the treatment and management of dogs ,immunization ,diagnose ,surveillance , etc .

Objective To evaluate the value of bispectral index(BIS)monitoring as an indicator for extubation sedation level after children's oper?ation by total intravenous anesthesia. Methods One hundred and eighty children(2?13 years old)were randomly divided into six groups with 30 cases in each. Group A kept BIS 56?60,and Group B 61?65,Group C 66?70,Group D 71?75,Group E 76?80,Group F 81?85 till extubation. All children were given fentanyl,propofol and cisatracurium besilate when induced,and maintained with propofol and remifentanil. All cases kept BIS 40?55 during the operation. Then the changes of electrocardiogram,mean arterial pressure,heart rate,SpO2,postoperative complications and recovery time were observed. Results Groups A and B were extubated at deep anesthesia,cycle stability,but with high incidence of adverse reactions and awaked with a long time. Groups E and F were extubated when awaked,but with greater stimulation and easier agitation. Groups C and D were lighter hemodynamic responses,less respiratory effects and less postoperative complications of anesthesia. Conclusion The BIS level of 66?75 is a good se?dation level for extubation,especially in the level of 71?75.

Circulating DNA is defined as a kind of extracellular DNA that exists in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid.The concentration of circulating DNA of cancer patients is significantly higher than that in healthy people.The genetic and epigenetic alterations of circulating cell-free nucleic acids are relevant to cancer development and progression,for example,gene mutation,DNA methylation and microsatellite instability and so on.The quantitative and qualitative detection of circulating DNA shows promising potential value in cancer screening,diagnosis,disease monitoring treatment and prognosis.

Objective To understand teachers' cognition and behavior of PBL teaching in nursing college.Methods Eighty teachers were investigated by questionnaire at eight nursing colleges in Hunan province.The percentage was used to do statistical description.Results Totally 75 copies of valid questionnaires were returned,the effective recovery rate was 93.75％.Among all,96％ of teachers thought that teacher was the guide;85.3％ teachers thought that students were knowledge's seekers;93.3％ teachers heard of PBL teaching;81.3％ teaches thought that PBL teaching played a positive role ;74.7％ teaches understood PBL teaching by communication or reading literature; 72％ teachers were willing to try PBL teaching;46.8％ teachers emphasized on multidisciplinary knowledge fusion in teaching; 88.3％ teachers encouraged student discussion in class.The main factors effecting PBL teaching were case and problem design,teaching result evaluation,lack of expert guidance and teacher instruction.Conclusion Teachers have certain understanding of PBL.Organizers should formulate related policies for teachers and students in order to create good education environment.

Objective To study the feasibility of noninvasive detection of unstable plaques with ~(18)F-Fluorodeoxyglu-cose (~(18)F-FDG) PET/CT imaging. Methods Atherosclerotic plaques were induced in male New Zealand white rabbits. Animals were injected with FDG labeled with ~(18)F, then examined with PET/CT. Aorta was explanted for photography with digital camera, and ~(18)F-FDG uptake analysis. Thirty unstable plaques and 30 stable plaques were choosed so as to compare the quantitativly ~(18)F-FDG uptake. The number of macrophages and smooth muscle cells was detected by immunohistochemical technique. Results Experimental group showed inconsistent uptake of ~(18)F-FDG in the abdominal aorta. The results were confirmed in the ex vivo digital photo of the explanted aorta. The target to non target ratio (T/NT) and macrophages of unstable plaques were higher than stable plaques (P<0.01) , but smooth muscle cells obviously reduced (P <0. 01). Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between T/NT and macrophage content (r=0. 815,P<0. 01), and a negative correlation between T/NT and SMC content(r=-0. 684,P <0. 01). Conclusion ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT can constitute an attractive imaging method for the noninvasive detection of experimental unstable plaques.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of mineral dust-induced gene(MDIG) in malignant pleural effusions (MPE) and tuberculosis pleural effusions (TBPE).Methods Fifty-four patients with MPE (MPE group) and 50 patients with TBPE (TBPE group) were collected.The MDIG protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the relative quantification of MDIG mRNA was measured by real-time quantitation polymerase chain reaction.The cutoff value,sensitivity and specificity of the MDIG protein and MDIG mRNA to diagnose the MPE were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.By Spearman correlation analysis,the correlation of MDIG protein and MDIG mRNA was evaluated.Results The MDIG protein in MPE group was significantly higher than that in TBPE group [(304.38 ± 228.47) ng/L vs.(44.43 ± 40.57) ng/L],and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).The MDIG mRNA in MPE group was significantly higher than that in TBPE group (6.27 ± 3.54 vs.1.82 ± 0.64),and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).With a cutoff point of 114.23 ng/L,MDIG protein had a sensitivity of 77.8％ and a specificity of 94.0％ for differential diagnosis.With a cutoff point of 2.75,MDIG mRNA had a sensitivity of 88.9％ and a specificity of 92.0％ for differential diagnosis.There was a positive correction between MDIG protein and MDIG mRNA (r =0.915,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The MDIG protein and MDIG mRNA are highly expressed in MPE with a good sensitivity and specificity.MDIG protein and MDIG mRNA maybe a good clinical indicator in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions.

Objective To study the feasibility of noninvasive detection of unstable plaques with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT imaging. Methods Atherosclerotic plaques were induced in male New Zealand white rabbits. Animals were injected with FDG labeled with 18F,then examined with PET/CT. Aorta was explanted for photography with digital camera,and 18F-FDG uptake analysis. Thirty unstable plaques and 30 stable plaques were choosed so as to compare the quantitativly 18F-FDG uptake.The number of macrophages and smooth muscle cells was detected by immunohistochemical technique. Results Experimental group showed inconsistent uptake of 18F-FDG in the abdominal aorta. The results were confirmed in the ex vivo digital photo of the explanted aorta. The target to non target ratio(T/NT) and macrophages of unstable plaques were higher than stable plaques(P

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2s) are recently identified members of the innate lymphoid cell ( ILC) family. These cells are capable of producing Th2-type cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13 in response to epithelial cell-derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 and play critical roles in allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma. Further investigations on ILC2s will enhance the better understanding of type 2 immune responses and may provide new strategies for the treatment of allergic asthma. In this review, we fo-cus on the origin, location and biological function of ILC2s as well as their possible roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.