Objective To investigate the expression of secretagogin(SCGN) and chromogranin A(CgA) in pancreatic neuroen‐docrine tumors (PNETs) .Methods Totally 54 cases of PNETs hospitalized in our hospital from October 2007 to October 2013 were enrolled in our study .Immunohistochemical detection was used to determine secretagogin and CgA .Results Secretagogin and CgA were highly expressed in all PNETs specimens .Compared with CgA ,secretagogin were highly expressed in the non‐functional PNETs ,tumor volume>30 cm3 ,the enveloped ,vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis (P<0 .05) .There were no statistically significant difference between SCGN and CgA in functional PNETs tumor volume ≤30 cm3 ,no enveloped ,no vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of secretagogin and CgA in tumor combined with PNETs pathologi‐cal characteristics can predict the severity of PNETs .

Objective To study the diagnostic value of radial echoendoscopy combined with ultrasonic micro-probe for differentiating mediastinal disease from esophageal submucosal lesion.Methods Data of 53 patients with esophageal eminence with unknown origin detected by gastroscopy or CT in China-Japan Union Hospital were reviewed.Ultrasonic micro-probe was performed first and followed with radial echoendoscopy.The diagnosis was compared with the results of CT.Results The diagnostic sensitivities of EUS and CT for esophageal submucosal lesion were 90.9％ (20/22) and 50.0％ (11/22),and the specificities were 93.5％ (29/31)and 83.9％ (26/31).The sensitivities for the benign mediastinal disease were 91.7％ (22/24) and 70.8％ (17/24),and the specificities for the benign disease were 93.1％ (27/29)and 62.1％ (18/29).The sensitivity and specificity for malignant mediastinal disease were both 100.0％.Conclusion Radial echoendoscopy combined with ultrasonic micro-probe shows prominent advantage in the diagnosis of the esophageal submucosal lesion and mediastinal disease over CT,especially in the specificity and sensitivity for esophageal submucosal lesion and benign mediastinal disease.

BACKGROUND:Based on the blood and urine biochemical changes in different intensities and types of exercise, this research describes the impact of exercise on bone metabolism. Meantime, these biochemical indexes also show a method of marking physiological differences of certain individuals, and also reflect the impact of exercise on bone. These can be regarded as a monitoring index of bone growth and metabolism. OBJECTIVE:To study exercise effect from the biochemical indicators in bone metebolism, and make a further discussion about its influence on bone formation and bone resorption. METHODS:Databases of CNKI and PubMed were retrieved by computer with key words of “exercise; bone metabolism; biochemical indicators” in Chinese and English, respectively, by screening titles and abstracts to search papers related to exercise effects on the blood and urine biochemical indicators. Totaly 236 papers were initialy found, and only 38 papers were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Low-intensity exercise shows less effect on the bone, but excessive exercise is harmful to the bone that can cause stress fractures. What’s worse, it causes a lack of female hormone and reduce bone mass. Exercise can alter the blood and urine biochemical indicators in aspects of types of exercise and intensities. Only the exercise at appropriate intensity makes positive effects on bone formation and resorption, and assists bone mineral density and bone biomechanical indicators to develop exercise prescription and arrange rehabilitation exercises. MechanismS of bone turnover need further discussion at the celular level.

Objective To study the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of Dieulafoy′s disease.Methods The clinical characteristics,diagnosis,methods of treatment and efficacy of treatment of 19 cases of (Dieulafoy′s) disease were analyzed retrospectively.Results All cases presented as abrupt upper gastrointestinal bleeding.12 cases(63.2%) were diagnosed at the first,and 4 cases (21.1%) at the second ecdoscopic examination,and 3 cases(15.8%) were diagnosed at exploratory operation.Hemorrhage stopped successfully after one endoscopic treatment in 14 cases and after 2 endoscopic treatments in 1 case.4 cases were cured by operation(including 1 case with re-bleeding 72 hours after endoscopic treatment).Conclusions Emergency endosopic examination is the best way to diagnose Dieulafoy′s disease and endoscopic treatment is the method of choice to treat it.If hemorrhage fails to stop after endoscopic treatments,surgical operation should be (performed) immediately.

Objective: To investigate condom use and associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into instructing the correct use of condoms and controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, sexual behaviors during recent 6 months and condom use of HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Fuyang District from May to December, 2022. Descriptive analysis was employed on the proportion of participants who insisted on using condoms at each sexual contact, and a multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting condom use at each sexual contact. Results: Totally 111 HIV/AIDS patients who received ART and had sexual contacts during recent 6 months were investigated, with a median age of 43.00 (interquartile range, 19.00) years. There were 82 males (73.87%), 63 married cases (56.76%), 52 cases with homosexual behaviors (46.85%), 110 cases insisting on using condom after ART (99.10%), 101 cases insisting on using condoms at each sexual contact (90.99%). Among 93 patients being aware of HIV infection status of all sexual partners, 93.55% of the patients insisted on using condoms at each sexual contact. Among 105 patients without sexually transmitted diseases (STD) diagnosis and treatment, 94.29% of the patients insisted on using condoms at each sexual contact. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified aware of HIV infection status of sexual partners (OR=0.046, 95%CI: 0.004-0.560), no STD diagnosis and treatment (OR=0.060, 95%CI: 0.004-0.890) as promoting factors for condom use at each sexual contact among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART. Conclusions There is a high proportion of condom use at each sexual contact among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Fuyang District. Patients who are aware of sexual partners' HIV infection and have not received STD diagnosis and treatment are more likely to insist on using condoms at each sexual contact.

Objective To explore the specificity and efficiency of YFP labeled natural killer (NK) cells through Vav-Cre induced YFP reporter system in mice. Methods ROSA26R-YFP and Vav-Cre mice were crossed, and their YFP and Cre gene double positive progeny were screened by genotyping. The specificity of YFP in hematopoietic cells from im-mune organs including lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow were analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentages of YFP positive cells in NK cells from lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow were also analyzed by flow cytometry. Results A total of 11 double positive mice (ROSA26R-YFP-(+/-)VavCre) were obtained in 17 mouse offspring by crossing ROSA26R-YFP mice with Vav-Cre mice. The percentages of YFP positive cells in immune organs including lymph nodes, spleen, thy-mus and bone marrow were 73.87%± 1.51%, 56.07%± 1.47%, 86.17%± 1.74%and 53.60%± 3.56%, and there were signifi-cant differences compared with the corresponding negative control cells(0.27%±0.01%, 1.33%±0.91%, 0.11%±0.01%and 0.29%± 0.03%, P<0.01). There were no YFP expressions in non-immune organs in double positive mice and in negative control mice (0.72%±0.43%vs 0.92%±0.27%, P>0.05). The positive rates of YFP were significantly higher in NK cells in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow (76.94%±0.84%、81.66%±1.18%and 88.92%±0.77%) compared with those of control (P<0.01). Conclusion YFP marked NK cells through Vav-Cre induced YFP reporter system in mice have high specificity and efficiency.

Objective To explore the role of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and the underlying mechanisms that controls the intracellular ROS levels in vitro. Methods Human bone marrow aspirates were collected from iliac of eight donors and eight SLE patients and cultured in vitro.Morphological appearance of BMSCs at different passages was examined by inverted microscope. Nuclear size was measured by fluorescence microscope. BMSCs were monitored using the senescence associated β-galacto-sidase (SAβ-gal) assay to characterize senescence in vitro. The quantification of intracellular ROS production was detected by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR technique was used to determine the gene expressions of PI3K, KRas, NRas and FoxO3 at transcription level. The expression of FoxO3, phospho-FoxO3 (p-FoxO3),AKT and phospho-AKT (p-AKT) protein were determined by Western blot analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted with t-test and Mann-Whitney rank test.Results There were no differences in morphology and nuclear size[(31.4±4.5) vs (28.2±4.8) μm, P=0.628] of BMSCs between SLE patients and normal controls.The percentage of SA β-gal positive BMSCs from SLE patients was higher than that from healthy controls [(31.8±9.0)% vs (12.4±0.7)%, P＜0.05]. Intracellular ROS levels of BMSCs from SLE patients increased more significantly than healthy donors in vitro (34600±9600 vs 17 958±5400, P＜0.05). No significant differences in the expression of PI3K, NRas, KRas and FoxO3 from SLE subjects were observed at mRNA levels compared with normal controls, though all showed a similar upward trend. The expression of p-FoxO3 and p-AKT of BMSCs from SLE patients increased significantly compared with healthy controls at protein levels.Conclusion These data suggest that BMSCs from SLE patients aged more quickly, with high SA β-gal activity and up-regulation of intracellular ROS, which is associated with up-regulation of p-FoxO3 and pAKT at protein levels. These results indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal cell senescence may be associated with the pathogcnesis of SLE by maintaining the lifespan of BMSCs.

Objective To study the effect of a Chinese medicine, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction ( HLJDD) , on ath-erosclerotic plaque, inflammatory factors and regulatory T cells in ApoE-/- mice. Methods High fat diet was given to ApoE-/- mice to establish an atherosclerosis model. 40 male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into five groups:model group, simvastatin group, low, moderate and high dose HLJDD groups (n =8). HLJDD was intragastrically administered in a dose of 3. 5, 7. 0, or 14. 0 g/( kg?bw) once dailg for 16 weeks. The dose of simvastatin was 5. 0 g/( kg?bw). An-other 8 male C57BL/6J mice were taken as control group. At the end of the 29-week experiment, all of the mice were sacri-ficed. The aortic plaques, level of blood lipids, inflammatory factors, Tregs number and the level of Foxp3 mRNA were de-tected and analyzed by ELISA, flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the aortic plaques were much larger in the model group, and the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-6, hs-CRP, and TNF-α were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 01 for all). Meanwhile, the levels of HDL-C, IL-10, TGF-βand Foxp3 mRNA were much lower than those in the control group ( P<0. 01 for all) , and the Tregs numbers were less than that in the control group (P<0. 01). HLJDD regulated the blood lipids in ApoE-/ - mice and decreased the levels of IL-6, hs-CRP, andTNF-α, however increased the levels of IL-10, TGF-β and Foxp3 mRNA. At the same time, it in-creased Tregs number in the ApoE-/ - mice. Compared with the model group, the difference was statistically significancet (P<0. 01). Conclusions HLJDD can significantly alleviate the aortic plaque damages in ApoE-/ - mice. It may be re-lated to the up-regulation of Tregs, which can lead to decrease the expression of serum pro-inflammatory factors such like IL-10, hs-CRP and TNF-α.

Objective To explore whether endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) exerts therapeutic effects on rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Methods Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin.Male SD rats were divided into normal control group(NC group), diabetic peripheral neuropathy group(DPN group), DPN+saline group(DPN+S group), and DPN+EPCs group.Sciatic nerve motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV) was measured by a electromyography and trigger potentiometer instrument.Pathological changes were observed under optical microscope and electron microscope.Results Compared with normal control group [(52.91 ± 4.53) m/s], both DPN group and DPN+S group had slower sciatic nerve MNCV [(36.51 ± 6.30 and 25.37 ± 5.48) m/s, P＜0.01].Compared with DPN group, the MNCV of sciatic nerve in DPN + EPCs group had improved significantly [(36.51 ± 6.30 vs 46.20 ± 11.70) m/s, P ＜ 0.01].Sciatic nerve pathological changes, characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration under light microscope and electron microscope were observed in DPN group, DPN+EPCs group, and DPN+S group.Compared with DPN+S group, the sciatic nerve pathological changes of DPN+EPCs group were alleviated.Conclusion After fed for 12 weeks, diabetic rats could progress to DPN rats.Transplantation of EPCs could improve MNCV, demyelination and axonal degeneration changes of sciatic nerver of the DPN rats.

Objective To compare the MRI manifestations and characteristics of ≤ 3 cm nonepithelial hepatic angiomyolipomas (HAML)and small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC),then improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy.Methods A retrospective analysis of 20 patients ≤3 cm nonepithelial HAML and 26 cases of SHCC,confirmed by clinical pathology,with both in clinical data and MRI characteristics.Results ≤3 cm nonepithelial HAML commonly occurs in women;The enhancement patterns“wash in and wash out”in 1 1 cases,6 cases “wash in but slow out”,3 cases with delayed enhancement;Mature adipose tissue found in 5 cases, 3 cases has pseudocapsule enhancemen in delayed phase,13 cases can see central vessels;While SHCC often occurs in men,with“wash in and wash out”enhancement pattern in 23 cases,1 7 cases with pseudocapsule enhancemen in delayed phase,12 cases can see central vessels in lesions.ADC values for SHCC was significantly lower than that for ≤3 cm nonepithelial HAML,the ADC values of SHCC significantly lower than the surrounding liver parenchyma;The ADC values between ≤3 cm nonepithelial and liver parenchyma around has no significant differences.ADC values of liver parenchyma with liver cirrhosis was lower than that without cirrhosis.Conclusion The existence of mature adipose tissue,the MRI enhancement pattern and the value of ADC can help to distinguish between ≤3 cm nonepithelial HAML and SHCC,then improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy.