Arsenic is one of the important metalloid elements, which is widely distributed in nature. Arsenic can cause many health hazards. However, the toxic mechanisms of arsenic have not yet been fully understood. In recent years, many studies have shown that epigenetic regulation and control mechanism is associated with arsenic toxicity. Histone modification is an important epigenetic regulation and control mechanism, changes in its patterns may be one of the mechanisms by which arsenic alters the gene expression. We reviewed the effects of arsenic on regulation of histone methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination.

Objective To evaluate the value of bispectral index(BIS)monitoring as an indicator for extubation sedation level after children's oper?ation by total intravenous anesthesia. Methods One hundred and eighty children(2?13 years old)were randomly divided into six groups with 30 cases in each. Group A kept BIS 56?60,and Group B 61?65,Group C 66?70,Group D 71?75,Group E 76?80,Group F 81?85 till extubation. All children were given fentanyl,propofol and cisatracurium besilate when induced,and maintained with propofol and remifentanil. All cases kept BIS 40?55 during the operation. Then the changes of electrocardiogram,mean arterial pressure,heart rate,SpO2,postoperative complications and recovery time were observed. Results Groups A and B were extubated at deep anesthesia,cycle stability,but with high incidence of adverse reactions and awaked with a long time. Groups E and F were extubated when awaked,but with greater stimulation and easier agitation. Groups C and D were lighter hemodynamic responses,less respiratory effects and less postoperative complications of anesthesia. Conclusion The BIS level of 66?75 is a good se?dation level for extubation,especially in the level of 71?75.

Recently,to assess the reproductive effects of bisphenol A (BPA),the environmental estrogen,has become a focus of stusy. Investigations,to date,have focused on the effects on the reproductive system including the morphogenesis of tissues and organs,endocrine and the toxic mechanisms of action,particularly in males. Based on the study results concerning BPA’s impacts on male reproduction,the further study directions in this field were presented in this paper.

Objective On the basis of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ), to establish and appraise a new prognostic evaluation system for elder patients with respiratory failure undergoing mechanical ventilation in order to predict hospital mortality in the respiratory intensive care unit. Methods Two hundred and thirty-eight senile patients with respiratory failure having had mechanical ventilation during their hospitalization were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: model group (n=138) and validation group (n=100). Data of model group were analyzed by monofactorial and multifactorial regression analysis to screen the risk factors. Risk factors were given numerical values according to different grades, and complementary scoring system was then established. APACHE Ⅱ system was combined with complementary scoring system with Logistic multiple regression to form SRFMV system, a special evaluation system for the senile patients with respiratory failure undergoing mechanical ventilation. One hundred patients from validation group were evaluated by both SRFMV system and APACHE Ⅱ system, and the results were then compared to assess the validity and reliability of SRFMV system. Oxygenation index, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), tidal volume, phlegm quantity and character, and pulmonary auscultation were selected to serve as standard for complementary scoring system. Mortality equation was set up with logistic multiple regression analysis. Results The predication sensitivity and specificity evaluated by SRFMV system in validation group (0.878 and 0.821, respectively) outstripped that evaluated by APACHE Ⅱsystem (0.818 and 0.771, respectively); the area under ROC curve in SRFMV system and the X2 value in Lemesshow-Hosmer statistic (0.911 and 13.77, respectively) also outstripped that in APACHE Ⅱsystem (0.860 and 11.808, respectively). Conclusions SRFMV system is of better sensitivity and specificity, in which the prediction of mortality is closely consistent with the reality. SRFMV system can be applied to obtain valid predictions of relevant outcomes in senile patients with respiratory failure underwent mechanical ventilation.

Aim To analyze the blocking effect of ( ± ) doxazosin [ ( ± ) DOX ] , ( -) doxazosin [ ( -) DOX] and ( +) doxazosin [( +) DOX] on the vaso-constriction of rat isolated mesenteric arterioles media-ted by α1-adrenoceptors. Methods The vasoconstric-tion induced by phenylephrine ( Phe) in the rat isola-ted mesenteric arterioles ( the second- and third-order branches) was recorded using DMT wire myograph sys-tem 620M, and theα1-adrenoceptor antagonistic activ-ity of ( ± ) DOX and its enantiomers was analyzed. Results The inner diameter of second- and third-or-der branches of the rat mesenteric artery was (162. 5 ± 5. 3) μm (n=11) and (103. 1 ± 2. 3) μm (n=23), respectively. The values of normalized preload of the second-and third-order branches, which were calculat-ed by the LabChart software, were (2. 93 ± 0. 51) mN ( n =11 ) and ( 2. 64 ± 0. 50 ) mN ( n =23 ) ( P >0. 05 ) . Vasoconstrictive responses to Phe in the sec-ond-order branche of rat mesenteric artery under nor-malized preloads were not significantly different from those under 5 mN preload;however, the Emax values of the Phe-induced vasoconstriction under 10 mN, 15 mN and 20 mN preloads were decreased by 12%, 29%and 43% ( P<0. 01 ) respectively compared with those under normalized preload. The concentration-response curves for Phe were shifted to right in a concentration dependent manner by ( -) DOX or ( +) DOX at 0. 001 , 0. 01 and 0. 1 μmol · L-1 without significant change in their Emax values in the second-and third-or-der branches of rat mesenteric artery. Schild plot anal-ysis indicated that ( -) DOX, ( +) DOX and ( ± ) DOX non-competitively inhibited the vasoconstrictive responses to Phe in the second-order branches, and the rank order of pKB values was ( +) DOX ( 8. 67 ± 0. 10 ) , ( ± ) DOX ( 8. 53 ± 0. 090 ) , ( -) DOX (7. 85 ± 0. 09). However, schild plot analysis indica-ted that ( -) DOX and ( +) DOX competitively inhibi-ted the vasoconstrictive responses for Phe in the third-order branch, and the rank order of their pKB values was ( ± ) DOX ( 8. 68 ± 0. 17 ) , ( +) DOX ( 8. 48 ± 0. 10 ) , ( -) DOX ( 7. 48 ± 0. 140 ) . Conclusion The α1-adrenoceptor blocking activity of ( -) DOX is much weaker than that of ( +) DOX or ( ± ) DOX in the rat isolated mesenteric arterioles, and there is a tendency to enhance the activity of ( ± ) DOX in third-order branches of the rat mesenteric artery though theα1-adrenoceptor blockade effect of ( ± ) DOX is not significantly different from ( +) DOX.

The safflower floret is a traditional Chinese medicine used to promote blood circulation and remove obstruction in the channels. The spines on its bracts are considered a handicap when manual harvest is involved. In this study, cDNA-SRAP was used to systematically investigate which genes are associated with the spines. Sixty pairs of possible primer combinations were used on two cDNA pools representing spininess and spinelessness. Six transcript-derived fragments were identified, of which two with low recombination were sequenced successfully and named as GPY-1 and GPY-2. By using the RACE method, the full-length cDNA of GPY-2 is cloned and named as CTL-spn. The full-length cDNA of CTL-spn was 1 679 bp long with a 1 524 bp ORF encoding a 508 aminoacid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of the CTL-spn gene shared a high homology (97%) with other known ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunits. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA of GPY-1 and GPY-2 accumulated in only spiny lines. Considering the important role of ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit in plants, it may directly take part in the formation process of spininess and enhancing resistance reaction of spiny safflower. Also, our results provide the important insights for breeding spineless cultivars of safflower.

Objective To study the usefulness of combined flow cytometry (FCM) and polymerasechain reaction examination for clonal TCR gene rearrangements in the diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma (T-NHL). Methods Histopathologic features, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometric immunophenotyping, cytomorphologic evaluation and TCR gene rearrangements of 32 T-NHL were reviewed retrospectively. The control cases were 18 reactive lesions and 1 histiocytic necrotizing lymphaderitis. Results Out of 32 T-NHL,23 were diagnosed as T-NHL by FCM / TCR gene rearrangements. Of 19 control group, 17 were diagnosed as reactive lesions by FCM / TCR gene rearrangements. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 71.9%, 89.5% and 78.4%, respectively. Conclusions FCM / TCR gene rearrangement is a very important technique in diagnosing T-NHL. Thus, patients with fine needle aspiration cytology can be saved from having an invasive surgery.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Blade needle closed release and massage for the patients with cervical heart syndrome. Methods A total of 60 patientswith cervical-heart syndrome were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment groups, 30 patients in each group. Both groups were treated with rehabilitation exercises, and the treatment group were added with Blade needle closed release and massage, while the control group were added with traction. The treatments were operated once to 3 times based on the patients' condition with an interval of seven days. The symptoms, signs and effective rates were observed and compared. Results After treatment, the neck and shoulder pain (0.7 ± 0.6 vs. 0.9 ± 0.7, t=2.904), precordialgia (0.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.7, t=4.210), chest tightness (0.5 ± 0.6 vs. 0.8 ± 0.7, t=2.093), cardiopalmus (0.7 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.8, t=3.915), spontaneous (0.7 ± 0.5 vs. 0.8 ± 0.9, t=2.837), vertigo (1.0 ± 0.6 vs. 1.6 ± 0.8, t=2.760) scores in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.89% (28/30), and the Control group was 66.67%(20/30). There are significantly different(χ2=4.547, P<0.05). Conclusions The method of Blade needle closed release and traction could improve the symptom of the shoulder neck and heart area of the cervical-heart syndrome.

Purpose To investigate the mutation status of KRAS and PIK3CA gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) primary lesions and corresponding liver metastasis and its clinical significance.Methods The gene mutations of KRAS and PIK3CA were detected in 58 cases of primary lesions of CRC and corresponding liver metastasis tissue by real-time PCR.Results The mutation rates of KRAS were 31.03％ (18/58) and 25.86％ (15/58) in primary lesions of CRC and corresponding liver metastasis tissue,respectively,in which G12D was most commonly detected.The mutation rates of PIK3CA were 8.62％ (5/58) and 10.34％ (6/58) respectively,in which the most common mutation site was E545K.Only one case carried simultaneously both mutations of KRAS (G12D) and PIK3CA (E545K).The mutation of KRAS and PIK3CA had a good consistency between primary lesions and liver metastasis.Univariate analysis showed that the mutation of KRAS was related to the primary lesion of tumor location,the quantity of metastasis and the types of tumor (P ＜ O.05),PIK3 CA mutation was associated with the synchronous/metachronous liver metastasis and the quantity of metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that synchronous/metachronous liver metastasis and the mutation of KRAS were influencing factors for prognosis of CRC.The overall survival of patients with CRC who had simultaneous liver metastases was longer than those with heterotopic liver metastases;the overall survival of KRAS wild-type mutant patients was longer than those of mutant patients (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The G12D site of KRAS gene has the highest mutation frequency in CRC,KRAS/PIK3CA mutation has a good consistency of the primary lesions of CRC and corresponding liver metastasis.Primary lesions can be as the source of molecular detection.To achieve individualized treatment,we need to reassess the genetic status of metastasis based on the choice of targeted therapy for precision medicine.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tumor metastasis-related Rac1 mRNA expression levels and gastric carcinomas metastasis, and to investigate the significance of Rac1 as a tumor marker for the evaluation of gastric carcinomas metastasis and distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. Methods This experiment used fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR TaqMan probe technology, chose Rac1 target gene fragment, which was cloned into the pET-20b (+) vector, constructed recombinant plasmid, and established the Rac1 mRNA fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR standard curve. And then the Rac1 mRNA levels were detected in 52 cases of gastric carcinoma tissues,52 cases of para-carcinoma tissues and 12 cases of benign gastric disease tissues. Its association with the metastasis of gastric carcinomas was analyzed. Results The positive rates and levels (median, P25-P75) of Rac1 mRNA were 100. 0% ,7.41 ×105 (3. 50 × 105-4. 36 × 106) copies/μl in gastric carcinomas, 46. 2% ,0(0-1.73 × 104) copies/μl in parscarcinoma tissues, 33. 3%, 0(0-3.55 × 103) copies/μl in benign tissues. The positive rates and leves(x2 =43.16,x2Xk-w = 64. 19, P ＜0. 01)among the three groups were significantly different. When the critical value of Rac1 mRNA level was 1.73 × 104 copies/μl determined by ROC, the sensitivity and specificity were 88. 5% and 100% respectively. When the critical value of Rac1 level was 7.49 × 105 copies/μl, the sensitivity and specificity were 57.9% and 78. 6% respectively. ConclusionThe Rac1 mRNA level detected with fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR has reference value to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions and evaluate gastric carcinoma metastasis.