Objective To summarize and excavate technical points of acupoint application to intervene infantile recurrent respiratory tract infection based on literature; To provide basis for formulation the standard of the TCM featured therapy. Methods Articles about acupoint application to intervene infantile recurrent respiratory tract infection from CNKI platform (CNKI), Chinese science and technology journals database (VIP), Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), and Wanfang database were retrived by computers. The medicine, acupoints, the amount of stimulation and the timing for the treatment were analyzed. Results After systematic search, a total of 62 articles were included in the quantitative study, including 6547 patients. The main sticking medicine of 10 highest used rate were:Asari Radix et Rhizoma, Sinapis Semen, Kansui Radix, Corydalis Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Cortex, Astragali Radix, Atractylodix Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Anhelicae Dahuricae Radix, Caryophylli Flos, and Saposhnikoviae Radix, and most of them used ginger juice as anclliary medicine. The acupointwith the highest frequency was Feishu (99.03%), followed by Danzhong, Gaohang, Tiantu, Dingchuan, and Dazhui (28.59%–62.66%). The acupoint application was on the first days of the first, second and third of the three ten-day periods of the hot season, or the first days of the first ninth, the second ninth and the thrid ninth days during the winter time, one dosage for each day. The single sticking time was suggested as 2–4 hours each time (23.44%). Conclusion This study summarizes and evaluates the articles of acupoint application to intervene infantile recurrent respiratory tract standard formulation. infectionin recent years and summarizes the key technical points, which can provide references for clinical and standard formulation.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the role of PDCA cycle management on standardizing clinical use of atomization inhala-tion drug. METHODS:Using a retrospective method,300 medical records of atomization inhalation drug use were collected from our hospital during Jan.-Dec. in 2013(non-intervention group),200 medical records collected during Apr.-Jun. in 2014(one cycle intervention group),and 180 medical records collected during Oct.-Dec. in 2014(two rounds of cycle intervention group). The use of atomization inhalation drugs was compared before and after the application of PDCA cycle management. Before and after two cy-cle intervention,4 types of medical staff were investigated on cognition of the related knowledge of atomization inhalation drugs, as physicians,pharmacists,nurses and mechanic. RESULTS:After two rounds of PDCA cycle management and intervention,the proportion of unsuitable route of administration of antibiotics,long acting glucocorticoid,non-atomization inhalation dosage form of resolving phlegm drugs,protease decreased from 54.0%,62.0%,59.7%,44.7% before intervention to 0.6%,1.1%,15.0%, 1.1% after intervention;those phenomena had not been found,such as unsuitable route of administration of TCM injection and non-atomization dosage form of theophyllines,unsuitable atomization frequence,unsuitable indication,drug mixture for preventing and controlling symptom,etc. The proportion of medical staffs being familiar with medical device,drug classification,drug selec-tion for prerention and treatment and the proportion of hospital drug stock to 93.4%,86.7%,92.4%,96.2% after intervention from 38.0%,79.0%,49.0%,39.5%before intervention. CONCLUSIONS:The application of PDCA cycle management can effec-tively regulate the use of atomization inhalation drugs in our hospital;the method can be promoted and applied.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different tooth preparations on the fracture strength and pattern of failure of teeth with severe wedge-shaped defect restored with post and core crowns.

METHODSAccording to whether the teeth above the wedge-shaped defect was removed (represented by B) or not (represented by A), the ferrule next to the wedge-shaped defect was prepared (represented by D) or not (represented by C), the cast post-and-core was chosen (represented by E) or glass-fiber post and resin core was chosen (represented by F). A total of 64 human mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into 8 groups: A1-1 (A + C + E), A1-2 (A + C + F), A2-1 (A + D + E), A2-2 (A + D + F), B1-1 (B + C + E), B1-2 (B + C + F), B2-1 (B + D + E), B2-2 (B + D + F), each group 8 teeth. All the teeth were prepared and restored accordingly and then mounted on an electronic pressure universal testing machine. The maximum fracture strength and the patterns of failure were recorded.

RESULTS1) The fracture strength of Group A1-1 > that of Group B1-1, Group A1-2 > Group B1-2, Group B2-1 > Group B1-1, and Group B2-1 > Group B2-2 with significant differences (P < 0.05). 2) The patterns of repairable fracture in Group A1-2 and B1-2 were both 37.5%, and that of the other groups were 0. Furthermore, the difference was significant, and Group A1-2 and B1-2 were higher than other groups.

CONCLUSIONThe maintenance of the overhang above the severe wedge-shaped defect aid in the improvement of the fracture strength of the tooth restored with post and core crown. The ferrule of the wedge-shaped defect is not recommended to be prepared. Furthermore, the glass-fiber post and resin core is favorable for the re-repair of the teeth than the cast post and core.

Objective To study the evaluative values of amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) in screening neonatal seizures.Methods The aEEG and video electroencephalogram (VEEG) on 32 patients with seizures hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital was conducted on the same day.The parameters of aEEG including the integrated spectra band,background rhythm and primitive electro signal were analyzed and compared with VEEG.Results Seizures presented clinically by 12 cases were detected by VEEG,and their electric discharges were detected by aEEG.The sensitivity of aEEG was 100%.VEEG showed electric discharges during intermediate stage in twenty cases and thus the seventeen of this group were detected by aEEG with its sensitivity of 87% and 100% in the specificity.The positive and negative predictive values of aEEG were 80% and 100%,respectively.But aEEG could not discriminate the attack stage or intermediate stage electric discharges.The abnormal background activity was detected by VEEG in 13 cases and the sensitivity of aEEG was 100% and the specificity was 83%.The positive and negative predictive value by aEEG were 76% and 100% respectively.The electric discharges of 32 cases were detected by VEEG whenever they were in attack stage or intermediate stage.All electric discharges could be detected through primitive electro signal by aEEG.The electric discharges in 3 cases were not detected by integrated spectra band from aEEG,but were detected by primitive electro signal from aEEG.Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity in the screening of neonatal seizures by aEEG is useful and could be applied clinically as a simple and safe screening method for recognizing neonatal seizures.

0.05), but DPC coefficient increases along with concentration of DEHP (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 375 mg/kg) rising, and it can cause DPC significantly (P

Objective To learn the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Shihezi in recent three years and to provide bases for prevention .Epidemiological analysis with syphilis was conducted in our hospital from 2012 to 2014 ,which is about the detection rate ,age ,gender ,and the distribution in the department .Methods Serum were deteceted by using three methods and the data were analyzed .Results 1 281 syphilis cases in 74 798 patients were detected in our hospital during this period .The total positve rate of three years was 1 .71% .The positve rate was 1 .35% ,1 .83% and 2 .01% respectively .The results of three years was significant differences(χ2 =39 .877 ,P<0 .05) .The rate in gender was not significantly higher or lower(χ2 =1 .670 ,P=0 .434>0 .05) .The ca‐ses were mainly distributed in Han(581 ,45 .36% ) ,Uygur(43 ,3 .36% ) ,Kazak(23 ,1 .80% ) .353 cases were negative by RPR among 1 281 patients with syphilis(27 .56% ) ,and the negative rises year by year .Conclusion The incidence of syphilis increased slightly in Shihezi since 2012 .Though the detection rate between 2013 and 2014 was no significant difference .The focus was on 20- year′s old women of childbearing age .It is necessary to take strict measures to control the spread of syphilis and to do syphilis examina‐tion for all inpatients in order to prevent the infection of syphilis .

Bursting is an important firing mode of neurons. To propose a stochastic model of bursting spike train, the interspike interval (ISI) characteristics of single-spiking train and bursting spike train were analyzed and compared. In contrast with the exponential distribution of ISI in single-spiking train, normal distribution is supposed to be the ISI model of bursting spike train. Simulated neural spike trains were produced to investigate the spectrum features of the ISI model. The results showed that: (1) bursting spike train with normally distributed ISI held a low-pass spectrum while the spectrum of single-spiking train was flat; (2) the coefficient of variation of ISI in bursting train decided the bandwidth of its low-pass spectrum. Then neural activities from anesthetized rodent were used to check the validity of the model. 10 simultaneously recorded bursting spike trains and 10 single-spiking trains were selected during anesthesia and after pure-oxygen-washout period respectively. The spectrograms of these neural spike trains were analyzed and the results were matched with our mathematical model. It is believed that the bursting spike train model established in this paper will help to theoretically study the statistical characters of neural spike train and to add mathematical foundation in neural coding schemes.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Theoretical ; Neurons ; physiology ; Periodicity ; Poisson Distribution ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrum Analysis ; Stochastic Processes

Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) which is a simplified form of standard EEG has been increasingly used in neonates. The aEEG method is easy to apply and to interpret and the simplicity of the method makes it feasible for "round the clock" recording. The present paper briefly introduces the signal acquisition, data analysis and clinical applications of aEEG. Then we propose a number of possible research directions in light of the domestic research in this field, in the future.
Brain Diseases ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; methods ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

[Objective]To analyze the prognostic factors of resectable acral melanoma patients ,then develop a novel prognostic model and examined its prognostic value.[Methods]The study retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological characteristics and inflam?matory markers of 232 acral melanoma patients who underwent radical surgical resection between 2000 and 2011 at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to estimate overall survival. Significantly predictive factors were identified by multivariate Cox regression analyses and a prognostic model based on these variables was constructed to predict survival.[Results]Cox regression analysis revealed that age,lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),stage,globulin(GLB)and C-reactive protein (CRP)were independently related to survival. After computing these scores ,patients were classified into three risk groups. The new prognostic model identified three categories of patients with different prognoses(P<0.001)and significantly stratify patient prognosis in different tumor stages. The 5-year survival rate was 42.9%,25.7%,and 3.7%in groups 1,2,and 3,respectively. The AUC of new prognostic model is 0.664(95%CI:0.599-0.724).[Conclusion]Age,LDH,stage,GLB and CRP were independently related to survival in our study population,and the prognostic model is useful to stratify patients into different risk groups and it is a useful complement to AJCC staging for Asian patients with acral melanoma.

Objective To investigate the status of nutritional risk and nutritional support in general surgery patients, and to explore their association with postoperative complications and length of hospital stay.Methods From January 2014 to February 2015, 853 inpatients in general surgical wards in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled.Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) was used to estimate nutritional status of patients.The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they received nutritional support.The length of hospital stay in days and postoperative complications were recorded.The association of nutritional risk and nutritional support with complications and length of hospital stay were analyzed.Results In the 853 surgery patients, the prevalence of nutritional risk was 31.1％ (265/853) and that of malnutrition was 5.4％ (46/853).The incidence of postoperative complications was 14.2％ (121/853).The patients with nutritional risk had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications compared to those without nutritional risk [29.8％ (79/265) vs.7.1％ (42/588) , P ＜ 0.000] , and a longer hospital stay [(12.5 ±6.4) days vs.(4.2 ±3.9) days, P ＜0.001].In the 853 patients, 27.3％ (233/853) received nutrition support.In the patients with nutritional risk, those on nutritional support had a significantly lower incidence of complications compared with those not on nutritional support [16.7％ (32/192) vs.64.4％ (47/73), P＜0.05] and shorter hospital stay [(7.5±4.6) days vs.(16.3±8.5)days, P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions According to NRS 2002 result, a fairly high percentage of general surgery patients may have nutritional risk.Patients with decreased body mass, less dietary intake, and at higher age may be more likely to have nutritional risk.Nutritional risk may be associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications and longer hospital stay.Patients at nutritional risk appear to be more likely to benefit from nutritional support.