Objective To study the clinical characteristics、risk factors and preventive measures in the patients of hospital-acquired septicemia in ICU.Methods Retrospective survey was carried out in 76 patients with hospital-acquired septicemia from 2002 to 2005.Results The hospital-acquired septicemia was related to the underlying disease、aggressive procedure and long duration of combined antibiotics.The most bacteria were Gram-negative bacilli.Fungemia must be given reconstruction.Conclusions It is important to reduce the aggressive procedures and reasonably use antibiotics in the prevention of the hospital-acquired septicemia for patients.

An extracellular proteinase from Candida albicans WD27 was purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography with 25.4 fold and 5.2% yield. This enzyme appeared to be aspartic proteinase since the enzyme activity could be inhibited by pepstatin which was specific inhibitor of this class of proteinase. The enzyme had an acidic proteolytic activity profile with the optimum pH of 4.0. The optimum temperature of the enzyme activity was 37℃. The proteinase had a broad substrate specificity with the highest susceptibility to bovine hemoglobin. The Km for bovine hemoglobin was determined to be 0.814mmol/L.

Examination reform was explored in Introduction to clinical medicine, and a new evaluation system was constructed which included the combination of formative assessment and sum-mative assessment as well as content system, operation system and monitoring system. The feedback mechanism of formative assessment was put into a full use to improve the teaching effect in this new evaluation system. At the same time, the method of summative assessment was substituted from the traditional closed-book exam to literature translation and presentation carried out by groups. The com-bination of summative assessment and formative assessment could evaluate the teaching efficiency of introduction to clinical medicine more comprehensively and objectively. In addition, it played an ac-tive role in improving students' comprehensive ability and their learning enthusiasm.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of FGF family. It has been demonstrated that FGF21 is an independent, safe and effective regulator of blood glucose levels in vivo. In order to improve the activity of FGF21, we exchanged the beta10-beta12 domain of the human FGF21 with that of the mouse FGF21 to construct a novel FGF21 gene (named hmFGF21), and then subcloned hmFGF21 gene into the SUMO expression vector to create pSUMO-hmFGF21 and transformed it into E. coli Rosetta for expression of the fusion protein SUMO-hmFGF21. Both in vitro and in vivo glucose regulation activity of hmFGF21 was evaluated. The SDS-PAGE result showed that compared with wild-type hFGF21, the soluble expression of hmFGF21 increased about 2-fold. HmFGF21 was more potent in stimulation of glucose uptake in HepG2 cells in vitro. The results of anti-diabetic effect on db/db mice demonstrated that hmFGF21 had better efficacy on controlling the blood glucose of the db/db diabetic animals than wild-type hFGF21. These results suggest that the biological properties of FGF21 are significantly improved by optimization.

Objective To investigate the effect of the Gardenia extracts T9 on herpes simplex virus (HSV) viral protein 16(VP16) in HSV-1 infected mice's brains and its potential anti-viral mechanism. Methods HSV-1 infection was induced in BALB/c mice, the expression of HSV VP16 was detected by RTPCR on the 4th, 7th, 10th, 14th, and 21st day. Results The expression of VP16 mRNA decreased in both groups of large and low doses compared with virus group at the same time. Conclusion Gardenia extracts T9 can down-regulate the expression of VP16 mRNA in HSV infected mice's brains, and it may be one of its anti-HSV mechanisms.

AIM: To explore the pathogenic mechanism of high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE). METHODS: Haemodynamic changes and effects of 100 percent oxygen breathing were measured by Swan-Ganz thermistor catheters, high altitude healthy volunteers were served as controls. RESULTS: The important features of haemodynamic changes in HAPE: (1)Pulmonary arterial pressure was raised; (2)Pulmonary arterial resistance and cardiac output were raised; (3)Pulmonary artery wedge pressures and right atrial pressure were normal; (4)Pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance were induced by oxygen breathing. CONCLUSIONS: The normal pulmonary artery wedge pressures with a high cardiac output indicated that HAPE was recognized as a form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. The pulmonary hypertension may play an important role in the development of HAPE.

Objective To evaluate the effects of statin on cardiac dias-tolic function and the level of B -type natriuretic peptide ( BNP) to exer-cise.Methods A total of 60 patients with diastolic dysfunction and a hypertensive response to exercise were divided into atorvastatin treatment group( n =30, atorvastatin 20 mg, once every night ) and the placebo group(n=30).The course of treatment was one year , all patients con-tinued their original therapy.Echocardiography , cardiopulmonary exer-cise testing , and the plasma BNP concentration determination at peak exercise were performed before and after treatment.Results After ator-vastatin treatment , the mitral flow velocity E wave to A wave peak veloci-ties( E/A ratio) were improved.The exercise time extended , metabolic equivalents , maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold were increased , and the exercise BNP values reduced.All of parameters had significant difference from baseline (P<0.05), only the E/A ratio,the exercise time and the exercise BNP values had significant difference com-pared with placebo ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion Atorvastatin improves car-diac diastolic function , decreases exercise BNP level , increases exercise tolerance.

Objective To evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on exercise blood pressure and exercise tolerance of patients with diastolic dysfunc-tion and hypertensive responses to exercise .Methods Sixty patients with diastolic dysfunction and hypertensive responses to exercise were se-lected and divided randomly into atorvastatin treatment group ( n =30 , atorvastatin 20 mg qn ) and control group ( n =30 ) .All patients con-tinued their original therapy .The course of treatment was one year .The data of cardiopulmonary exercise testing , exercise blood pressure meas-urement , quality of life assessment using heart failure questionnaire were compared before and after treatment . Results After treatment , the resting systolic blood pressure , pulse pressure , and the peak exercise systolic blood pressure were significantly decreased , and exercise time , metabolic equivalent ( METs ) , maximal oxygen uptake ( VO2 max ) and anaerobic threshold ( AT ) were increased , and and quality of life were improved compared with before treatment ( P <0.05 ) . There was statistical difference in the resting systolic blood pressure , the peak exercise systolic blood pressure , and the exercise time between two groups found ( P<0.05 ). Conclusion For patients with diastolic dysfunction and a hypertensive response to exercise , atorvastatin can effectively reduce the blood pressure and peak exercise systolic blood pressure , increase exercise tolerance and improve quality of life .

OBJECTIVETo prepare a zinc porphyrinated polyimide nanofibrous membrane for rapid detection of trace amount of ammonia.

METHODSZinc porphyrin chromophore was copolymerized into polyimide backbones and the according nanofibrous membrane was prepared by electrospinning technique. Ammonia detection was achieved by recording the color and spectral changes of the membrane before and after exposing to the target gas. The sensitivity, selectivity and detection limit of prepared membrane were further studied.

RESULTSThe obtained nanofibrous membrane preserved typical photophysical properties of zinc porphyrin chromophores. When exposed to ammonia, a dual chromo and spectrum responses of the nanofibrous membrane were observed. The binding affinity constant and the detection limit of zinc porphyrinated polyimide nanofibrous membrane calculated from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and UV-vis were 3.33 X10³ L/mol and 3.13 mg/m³, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe membrane prepared in this study exhibits good sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility towards ammonia detection.

Objective To study the effects of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription on the migration ability of MHCC97-H and the expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7; To discuss its relevant mechanism of action. Methods Setting Sorafenib as a positive control, CCK-8 method was used for determining the effects of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription on the cell proliferation of MHCC97-H and the optimum concentration. Scratch assay was used to observe the migration ability of MHCC97-H. The protein expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were detected by Western blot after 24 h of medicine intervention. Results Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription and Sorafenib can inhibit the cell proliferation of MHCC97-H , and the inhibitory concentration was 0.095 g/mL and 10 μmol/mL at 24 hours. Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription can inhibit migration ability of MHCC97-H. The protein expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells decreased after the action of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription. Conclusion Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Prescription can inhibit MHCC97-H cell proliferation and migration, which may be realized by down-regulating chemokine axis of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7.