This study examined the effects of a combined surgery of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and modified jejunoileal bypass (JIB) on the body weight, food intake, and the plasma levels of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and total ghrelin of rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups in terms of different surgical protocol: SG-JIB (n=12), SG (n=12), JIB (n=12) and sham surgery groups (n=10). In SG-JIB group, rats was subjected to sleeve gastrectomy and end to side anastomosis of part of the jejunum (25 cm from the ligament of Treitz) to the ileum 25 cm proximal to the cecum. The body weight and food intake were evaluated during 10 consecutive weeks postoperatively. The levels of active GLP-1 and total ghrelin in the plasma of the rats were measured by ELISA assay. The results showed that the SG-JIB treated rats relative to SG- or JIB-treated ones produced a sustained reduction in food intake and weight gain. The level of active GLP-1 was elevated and total ghrelin level decreased in SG-JIB-treated rats as compared with SG- or JIB-treated ones. It was concluded that SG-JIB could efficiently reduce the body weight and food intake, alter obesity-related hormone levels of the rats, indicating that SG-JIB may be potentially used for the treatment of obesity.

Objective:To investigate the quality of Herba Leonuri Preparations sold in market. Methods: The alkaloid content in preparations was determined according to the determination method in China Pharmacopoeia (1995). Results: There were significant differences among Herba Leonuri Preparations from different pharmaceutical factories, place of origin and batches. Conclusions: It is suggested that the determination item of stachydrine hydrochloride be added.

Objective: To investigate the level of maternal and infant health literacy and its influencing factors among rural pregnant and lying-in women in Guian New Area, Guiyang City, so as to provide insights into maternal and infant health education. Methods: All pregnant and lying-in women included in health management in township hospitals of Guian New Area from October to December 2021 were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. Participants' basic features, maternal and infant health literacy and health education needs were collected using electronic questionnaires, and factors affecting maternal and infant health literacy were identified among pregnant and lying-in women using unconditioned multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 918 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the participants included 325 pregnant women (35.40%), 823 married women (89.65%), 466 women with an educational level of junior high school and below (50.76%), 847 rural household registration (92.27%), 695 women with monthly family income of 3 200 Yuan and less (75.71%), and 267 women with maternal and infant health literacy (29.08%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified pluripara (OR=3.418, 95%CI: 1.689-6.919), educational level (diploma, OR=2.901, 95%CI: 1.230-6.842; bachelor and above, OR=6.282, 95%CI: 2.548-15.489), household monthly income per capita (3 201-5 000 Yuan, OR=2.373, 95%CI: 1.499-3.757; 5 001 Yuan and more, OR=7.752, 95%CI: 3.072-19.558), a disease history (OR=3.045, 95%CI: 1.175-5.406), use of maternal and child health manuals (OR=1.881, 95%CI: 1.345-2.632) and emphasizing health education (OR=1.735, 95%CI: 1.122-2.463) as factors promoting for the level of maternal and infant health literacy. In addition, pregnant and lying-in women's major maternal and infant health education needs included infant growth and development knowledge (745 women, 81.15%), management of common infant diseases (719 women, 78.32%), daily infant nursing (651 women, 70.92%) and infant nutrition and feeding (646 women, 70.37%). Conclusions The level of maternal and infant health literacy is low among rural pregnant and lying-in women in Guian New Area, and there is a high demand for health education. High attention should be paid to rural pregnant and lying-in women with a low educational level, low incomes, and primipara.

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of active fractions of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) on primary cortical neuron injury after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion (R) injury. Methods Using macroporous resin method, HJDFE30, HJDFE50, HJDFE75, and HJDFE95 with 30%, 50%, 75%, and 95% alcohol were respectively prepared. Then the content of active components in different HJD fractions was determined with reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The OGD/R injury model was induced by sodium dithionite on primary cortical neurons in neonate rats. MTT assay was used to observe the effect of four fractions (HJDFE30, HJDFE50, HJDFE75, and HJDFE95) and seven index components of HJD on the neuron viability.

RESULTSRP-HPLC showed active component(s) contained in HJDFE30 was geniposide; baicalin, palmatine, berberine, and wogonside contained in HJDFE50; baicalin, berberine, baicalein, and wogonin contained in HJDFE75. The neuron viability was decreased after OGD for 20 min and reperfusion for 1 h, (P <0. 01), and significantly increased after administered with HJD, HJDFE30, HJDFE50, and HJDFE75 (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Geniposide, baicalin, baicalein, palmatine, wogonside, and wogonin could increase the cortical neuron viability (P <0. 05, P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONSHJDFE30, HJDFE50, and HJDFE75, as active fractions of HJD, had protective effect on primary cortical neuron injury after OGD/R. Furthermore, geniposide, baicalin, and baicalein were main active components of HJD.

Animals ; Berberine ; Berberine Alkaloids ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Flavanones ; Flavonoids ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy

ObjectiveTo observe the expression of syntaxin-1 in hippocampus of adult rats with hypothyroidism and the role of different doses of thyroid hormone replacement therapy,further to explore the molecular mechanism of brain damage.MethodsAll 44 male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to their body mass(250 - 300 g):hypothyroidism group,routine dosage thyroxine treatment group,high dosage thyroxine treatment group and control group (11 in each group).Hypothyroidism group,routine dosage thyroxine treatment group and high dosage thyroxine treatment group received daily intraperitoneal injection of propylthiouracil (PTU) 10 mg/kg.Hypothyroidism group was given PTU by intraperitoneal injection for two weeks after the previous four week treatment,the routine dosage thyroxine treatment group and the high dosage thyroxine treatment group were given 50,200 μg/kg L-thyroxine daily intraperitoneally for two weeks; the control group received daily intraperitoneal injection of saline.The levels of serum T3,T4 were assayed by radioimmunoassay method,and the level of syntaxin-1 in hippocampus was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn the hypothyroidism group,the levels of serum T3,T4[(0.34 ± 0.04),(43.01 ± 2.95)nmol/L] were significantly lower than those in the control group[(0.65 ± 0.05),(55.20 ± 3.56)nmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05].In the routine dosage of thyroxine treatment group,the levels of serum T3,T4[(0.63 ± 0.05),(55.04 ± 3.77)nmol/L] were not significantly different compared to the control group (all P ＞ 0.05 ).In the high dosage thyroxine thyroid hormone treatment group,the levels of serum T3,T4[(1.11 ± 0.10),(96.68 ± 6.42)nmol/L] were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of syntaxin-1 protein in the CA1,CA3 and dentate gyrus(DG) of all layer regions of hippocampus (0.059 ± 0.016,0.064 ± 0.014,0.068 ± 0.016,0.069 ± 0.017,0.072 ± 0.016,0.070 ± 0.011,0.051 ± 0.012,0.072 ± 0.017) were significantly higher compared to the control group(0.037 ± 0.008,0.045 ± 0.010,0.042 ±0.009,0.040 ± 0.010,0.053 ± 0.009,0.042 ± 0.009,0.032 ± 0.007,0.047 ± 0.010,all P ＜ 0.05).In the routine dosage and the high dosage thyroxine thyroid hormone treatment group,the level of syntaxin-1 in CA1,CA3and DG regions(0.041 ± 0.011,0.046 ± 0.017,0.044 ± 0.014,0.037 ± 0.008,0.051 ± 0.010,0.043 ± 0.010,0.033 ± 0.011,0.045 ± 0.014 and 0.040 ± 0.010,0.045 ± 0.011,0.043 ± 0.010,0.033 ± 0.009,0.050 ± 0.010,0.041 ± 0.009,0.032 ± 0.009,0.046 ± 0.009)were not significantly different compare to the control group(all P＞0.05).ConclusionThe expression of syntaxin-1 in hippocampus of adult-onset hypothyroidism is increased,which can be reversed by routine dosage treatment of thyroxine.

This study aims at trying to establish a novel method of sterility test for injections based on biothermodynamics, in order to overcome the deficiencies of routine sterility tests such as long detecting cycle, low sensitivity and prone to misjudgments. A biothermodynamics method was adopted to rapidly detect the microorganism contamination of injections by monitoring the heat metabolism during the growth of microbe. The growth rate equal to or greater than zero and the heat power difference of P(i) and P(0) with three folds higher than the noise of baseline were chosen as indexes to study the heat change rule of microbe. In this way, the effectiveness of the new method to detect strains required by conventional sterility test or in injection samples was also investigated. Results showed that the Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi demanded by sterility testing methodology could be detected by biothermodynamics method within 10 hours, with the sensitivity lower than 100 CFU x mL(-1). Meanwhile, this method was successfully applied to the sterility test of Compound Yinchen injection (FFYC), Shuanghuanglian powder injection (SHL) and Compound Triamcinolone injection (TAND) which were sterilized with different degrees. Therefore, the biothermodynamics method, with advantages of fast detection and high sensitivity, could be a complementary solution for conventional sterility tests.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fungi ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Injections ; Microbiological Techniques ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sterilization ; Triamcinolone ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

In this study, OVA-induced asthma mice was taken as the model, and orally administered with different concentration of ethanol extracts of crude and processed Stemona tuberosa, in order to determine the cytokine level released from Th1 and Th2 in splenocytes. RT-PCR was carried out to determine the genetic expression of T-bet/GATA-3 in lung, and compare the differentiation between ethanol extracts of crude and processed S. tuberosa in therapeutic effect on asthma in mice. According to the results, compared with the crude samples, processed samples significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factor INF-gamma (P < 0.05) and decreased IL-5 (P < 0.05) in splenocytes. According to the RT-PCR results, the administration of processed samples could increase the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 (P < 0.05). The experiment showed that ethanol extracts of both crude and processed S. tuberosa could treat asthma by regulating Th1/Th2 ratio, but processed samples showed more notable effect. This indicated that crude and processed S. tuberosa had significant pharmacological difference. Therefore, it was more rational to apply processed S. tuberosa in clinical treatment of asthma and chronic cough, which layed a foundation for further revealing the processing mechanism of S. tuberosa.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Stemonaceae ; chemistry ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; metabolism ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; secretion ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; secretion

OBJECTIVETo explore correlation between lung and large intestine and the two meridians under pathological condition in the view of meridian theory.

METHODSNinety-six cases of bronchial asthma were applied palpation at the running course of 12 regular meridians under the elbow and knees and back-shu points. And abnormal reactions were recorded, the affected meridians and back-shu points were discovered.

RESULTSThe abnormal reactions most frequently appeared on the Lung Meridian, followed by the Large Intestine Meridian, the Spleen Meridian, the Liver Meridian, the Stomach Meridian and the Triple Energizer Meridian. And the unusual reaction of the back-shu points most frequently appeared on Feishu (BL 13), and Dachangshu (BL 25) and Pishu (BL 21) followed as the next two.

CONCLUSIONThe existence of correlation between the Lung Meridian and the Large Intestine Meridians under pathological condition can be proved through meridian and acupoint palpation on bronchial asthma patients.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asthma ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; physiopathology ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

An 81-year-old male presented with an 8-year history of recurrent ulcer on the left dorsal foot which gradually spread to involve both lower limbs. Physical examination revealed no abnormality of any organ systems and no palpable superficial lymph nodes. Skin examination showed erythematous swelling of the left dorsal foot with an ulcer sized 7 cm × 10 cm on the surface. Tendon was visible at the base of the ulcer, and the ulcer margin was elevated giving a dyke-like appearance. The perilesional skin was purple-brown. There were several millet-like papuloid lesions circularly arranged at the inner side of the right foot as well as dark erythematous or brown nodules and pigmented patches with tenderness on both lower limbs. Histopathology of the ulcer of the left dorsal foot and papuloid lesions on the right foot revealed a visible epidermotropic infiltrate in the epidermis as well as an infiltration throughout the entire dermis with medium-sized atypical lymphoid cells with obvious mitoses. Immunohistochemical examination showed the coexpression of both T cell markers (including CD3, CD45RO, CD43) and B cell marker (CD20), with scatted positive staining for PAX-5and negative staining for CD79α or CD1 9. PCR confirmed the rearrangement of T cell receptor (TCR)-γgene. A diagnosis of peripheral T cell lymphoma unspecified was made in view of the rearrangement of TCR-γgene and above findings. The patient was treated with the following modified CHOP regimen: intravenous cyclophosphamide 0.8 g, leurocristine 2 mg and epirubicin hydrochloride 60 mg, as well as oral prednisone 15 mg twice daily for 5 days every 3 weeks (one treatment session). After 3 treatment sessions, the lesions improved markedly.

Objective To construct and analyze the model of the sleeve gastrectomy with modified jejunoileal bypass (SG/MJIB) on non-obese Goto - kakizaki (GK) rats. Methods GK rats were randomly divided into SG/MJIB, sham-SG/MJIB, pair-fed (PF) and controls group. Before and after surgery, the changes of weight, food intake, fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), fasting plasma Insulin and the histological changes in islet were dynamically observed for 16 weeks. Results From the 4th week postoperative, the weight changes of SG/MJIB significantly decreased compared with sham-SG/MJIB and PF group (P＜0.01). Fasting glucose concentration of SG/MJIB animals was lower than sham-SG/MJIB, PF and controls group (P＜0.05). The OGTT of SG/MJIB rats was obviously improved compared with the sham-SG/MJIB, PF and controls group （P＜0.01). Two weeks after operation, glucose tolerance was better improved in SG/MJIB than preoperative, the area under the curve (AUC) of blood glucose concentration decreased by about 38.9% (P＜0.01). Postoperative insulin levels in SG/MJIB group were obviously lower than sham-SG/MJIB group throughout the experiment(P＜0.05). In the 16th week, the morph of pancreatic islet of SG/MJIB was obviously improved. In the SG/MJIB group, the number of positive β-cell and mature acinus was significantly increased, while sham surgery groups had no obvious changes as mentioned above. Conclusions SG/MJIB was directly linked to the reduction in glucose levels in GK rats, independently weight loss and caloric intake, and it can be served asa stable long-lasting hypoglycemic surgery model to research the mechanism for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.