In Chongqing Medical University,Introduction to Clinical Medicinewas first launched in 2002. In this article, based on the summary of 2014 to 2015, we summarized respectively from teaching material construction, evaluation system with combination of formative assessment and summative assess-ment, network support platform, teaching quality monitoring system, and student questionnaire survey and evaluation. Through the study of the course, 99.5% (836/840) of the students think their team conscious-ness and cooperation ability were improved, 94.2% (791/840) of the students consider this course can im-prove their innovative ability of self-learning, 87.0% (731/840) of the students think it is beneficial to the improvement of their self expression ability and more than 78.0% of the students think they have achieved the goal of early clinical contact, expanding knowledge, and enhancing the basic professional quality.

The aim of laboratory evaluation of basic education is to improve the quality of experimental teaching,which demands thorough reforms of many aspects,including the ranks of teachers,administration,content,methods and instrument of teaching. This article summarizes the experience and achievement of Functional Laboratory Centre,Central South University during under- graduate teaching evaluation by the Ministry of Education in 2006.

Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fatigue ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Medical Staff, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Sampling Studies

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the content determination of protodioscin and diosgenin in Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma from different habitats.Methods The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water solution with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min; the detection wavelength was 208 nm; the column temperature was 30℃; the injection volume was 20μL.Results Protodioscin showed a good linear relationship among the range of 1.73–8.64 μg (r=0.999 6), with the average recovery of 101.98% (RSD=1.53%); Diosgenin showed a good linear relationship among the range of 1.03–8.20μg (r=0.999 1), with the average recovery of 101.60% (RSD=2.41%). The contents of protodioscin and diosgenin in Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma from 10 different habitats were in the range of 0.89%–2.24% and 0.75%–3.22%, respectively.Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and with repeatability, which can be used as quality control method of Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma.

Objective To construct and analyze the model of the sleeve gastrectomy with modified jejunoileal bypass (SG/MJIB) on non-obese Goto - kakizaki (GK) rats. Methods GK rats were randomly divided into SG/MJIB, sham-SG/MJIB, pair-fed (PF) and controls group. Before and after surgery, the changes of weight, food intake, fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), fasting plasma Insulin and the histological changes in islet were dynamically observed for 16 weeks. Results From the 4th week postoperative, the weight changes of SG/MJIB significantly decreased compared with sham-SG/MJIB and PF group (P＜0.01). Fasting glucose concentration of SG/MJIB animals was lower than sham-SG/MJIB, PF and controls group (P＜0.05). The OGTT of SG/MJIB rats was obviously improved compared with the sham-SG/MJIB, PF and controls group （P＜0.01). Two weeks after operation, glucose tolerance was better improved in SG/MJIB than preoperative, the area under the curve (AUC) of blood glucose concentration decreased by about 38.9% (P＜0.01). Postoperative insulin levels in SG/MJIB group were obviously lower than sham-SG/MJIB group throughout the experiment(P＜0.05). In the 16th week, the morph of pancreatic islet of SG/MJIB was obviously improved. In the SG/MJIB group, the number of positive β-cell and mature acinus was significantly increased, while sham surgery groups had no obvious changes as mentioned above. Conclusions SG/MJIB was directly linked to the reduction in glucose levels in GK rats, independently weight loss and caloric intake, and it can be served asa stable long-lasting hypoglycemic surgery model to research the mechanism for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics parameters of SPIO-shRNA dual functional molecular probe and observed the main organ distribution by MRI in vivo. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe, respectively. The blood samples were collected to analyze the pharmacokinetic parameters by measuring the iron content at 30 minutes before and after the injection. Twenty-four Kun Ming (KM) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group was injected intravenously with physiological saline 200 µL per mouse via the tail vein, the other 3 groups were injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe. MRI observation was performed in 24 hours, and the liver, spleen, kidney, brain and muscle were collected for iron quantification with Prussian blue staining to determine distribution of the SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in the main organ in vivo. Our results suggest that the molecular probe blood half-life is more than 3 hours. The data of MRI suggest the probe was distributed in liver and spleen, and the MRI signal was reduced with the increase in probe's doses (P < 0.05). The results of Prussian blue staining confirmed the results of MRI. Most of the probe could escape the phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocyte system. Our data provide the pharmacokinetic and distribution of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in organs. Meanwhile, it suggests the choice of the time and dose of probe for MR imaging of tumor in vivo.
Animals ; Half-Life ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Mice ; Molecular Probes ; pharmacokinetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; chemistry ; Rabbits

Objective: To investigate the role of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in supporting hematopoiesis and the expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Methods: According to the fact that HUVEC supernatant has colony stimulating activity shown by methylcellulose colony-forming assay and HUVEC can maintain the survival of mononuclear cells for at least four weeks in vitro, CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood were seeded with (HUVEC group) or without (control group) HUVEC monolayer. Every week cells were collected and counted, the frequency of CFU-GM was measured by using methylcellulose colony-forming assay, and the percentage of CD34+ and CD41a+ cells was measured by flow cytometry. Results: In control group，all the CD34+ cells died in two weeks. However, in HUVEC group,most nucleated cells and CD34+ cells were expanded by 68.1±14.8 fold and 6.6±1.4 fold，respectively at the third week while CFU-GM expansion reached its peak (5.7±2.1 fold) at the week 2. Moreover, the percentage of CD41a+ cells was enhanced significantly, reaching a maximum (15.6%) at the week 3. Conclusions:HUVEC can support hematopoiesis in vitro and expand the hematopoietic progenitor cells and CD41a+ cells in direct contact coculture.

AIM:To evaluate the changes of the corneal surface morphology undergoing overnight orthokeratology treatment and assess the effect of optical center deviation in controlling the development of myopia.METHODS:This was a retrospective clinical study.One hundred and thirty-four children (134 eyes) with myopia aged 10.66 ± 1.79 years were treated with overnight orthokeratology lenses.The examinations of visual acuity,axial length and corneal topography were performed before and 3,6,12,18 and 24mo after wearing orthokeratology.The results of right eye were taken as the object of this study,SPSS19.0 for statistical analysis.RESULTS:The distance of decentration about 134 children at 3,6,12,18 and 24mo after wearing orthokeratology were 0.84±0.45mm,0.77±0.40mm,0.79± 0.41 mm,0.78±0.41 mm,and 0.79±0.42mm respectively.The difference between these groups were not statistically significant (F=1.187,P=0.319).The mean distance of decentration after orthokeratology treatment was 0.79 ± 0.35mm,the growth of axial length after 24mo was 0.32± 0.30mm,the mean distance of decentration divided into 3 groups,mild (＜0.5mm) 27 eyes,medium (0.5-1.0mm)79 eyes,severe (＞ 1.0mm) 28 eyes,the growth of axial length frow 3 groups after 24mo were 0.45±0.34mm,0.32 ±0.28mm,0.23 ± 0.29mm,were statistically significant difference between each groups (F=3.825,P=0.024).By linear-regression analysis,the growth of axial length and the mean distance of decentration after 24mo was statistically significant difference (F =7.246,P =0.008),equation of linear regression was Y=0.478-0.194X.At 24mo after wearing orthokeratology,the mean distance of decentration about 18 eyes with monocular diplopia was 1.18±0.36mm,and 116 eyes without monocular was 0.73± 0.31mm,the distance of decentration were statistically significant difference (t=5.59,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The degree of decentration tended to be stable after 3mo of orthokeratology treatment and influenced the effect of myopia control and visual quality.

Objective To evaluate the outcome of unconstrained shoulder arthroplasty in treatment of se- vere damages of shoulder and proximal humerus.Methods Eleven cases of unconstrained shoulder arthroplasty were carried out in our department from 1999 to 2004.The average age of the 11 patients was 65 years.Nine cases underwent hemi-arthroplasty for their complex fractures of proximal humerus with unstrained protheses and two cases received total shoulder arthroplasty for their shoulder osteoarthritis.Cemented prostheses were used in all the cases. Results Follow-ups averaged 2.3 years.Two cases of four-part fractures reported slight pain and limited external rotation of the shoulder after operation,while there was no pain or loosening of prosthesis in all the other cases who recovered full range of motion.Conclusion Unconstrained shoulder arthroplasty is a satisfactory and safe tech- nique for severe damages of proximal humerus.