Objective To establish a new method for the determination of chromium (Ⅵ) in printing and dyeing wastewater. Methods A combined technique was employed for the determination of chromium (Ⅵ) by flow injection on-line separation and preconcentration on a micro column packed with alumina(acidic form) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).The effect of acidity,concentration of eluent and coexistence ion on separation and enrichment was detected.Results The detection limit was 0.72 ?g/L.The LOQ was 2.38 ?g/L.RSDs were 1.45%～2.12%.The recovery rates were 96.0%-104.0%.The concentration enhancement of chromium (Ⅵ) was 10 times for 45 s sample loading.Analytic frequency was 33 samples one hour. Conclusion This method is sensitive,rapid and applicable to the determination of chromium (Ⅵ) in dyeing wastewater.

Objective To investigate the similarity and difference in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) evaluation and drug selection that were compared between global initiative for chronic ob-structive lung disease (GOLD) 2011 and GOLD 2006, and to explore treatment adherence by doctors ac-cording to GOLD 2011.M ethods We collected 224 patients with COPD from Department of Respiratory Medicine at the Second Xiangya Hospital to investigate the differences in COPD evaluation and drug selec-tion according to GOLD 2011 and GOLD 2006 with treatment adherence by doctors according to GOLD 2011.Results ⑴According to GOLD 2006, there were 38 patients in the most severe stage, which was different from that (Group D, 147) according to GOLD 2011 ( P <0.01).⑵The risk stratification by u-sing pulmonary function assessment was significantly different from that by using exacerbation history.⑶Symptom assessment by using COPD assessment test ( CAT) was significantly different from that by using modified British medical research council ( mMRC) .The kappa coefficient of these two questionnaires was 0.466, suggesting moderate agreement.⑷ According to GOLD 2011, 224 (100%) patients were recom-mended to use inhaled long-acting bronchodilators, which was higher than that (213, 95.18%) according to GOLD2006 ( P <0.01).⑸The level of appropriated actual prescription was 161 (71.9%) according to GOLD 2011, which was significantly different from that (120,53.1%) according to GOLD 2006 ( P <0.01).Conclusions ⑴ Compared to GOLD 2006, GOLD 2011 categorized more patients into the most severe group.⑵The risk stratification of COPD by airflow limitation severity or exacerbation risk was not i-dentical.Discordance between CAT and mMRC was observed.⑶GOLD 2011 recommends a wider range of using long-acting bronchodilators.⑷The adherence to GOLD guideline in our hospital is still far from satis-faction.

Bi Qiu in TCM is the equivalent of allergic rhinitis in Western Medicine, its incidence has a close relationship with six exogenous. Many physicians treat this disease from the pathogenic wind and cold, relatively considering about pathogenic heat. This article reviewed and researched literature about ancient physicians’ diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis from the aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of allergic rhinitis, with a purpose to provide certain evidence and reference for modern clinical prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats.Methods Totally 58 male SD rats were divided into control group (n =10),model group (n =12),ω-3 PUFA high-dose group (n =12),ω-3PUFA medium-dose group (n =12),and ω-3 PUFA low-dose group (n =12).Seven days before model establishment,rats in the three ω-3 PUFA groups were orally given ω-3 PUFA at 1,0.5,and 0.25 g/kg body weight once per day,respectively,for seven consecutive days.Twenty-four hours after the last administration,all rats except those in the control group were given intravenous injection of LPS (6 mg/kg) at caudal vein to establish the model of acute lung injury.Body temperature was measured at 0,6,and 24 hour.Blood samples were collected from the eye venous plexus for routine blood tests and blood biochemical tests 24 hours after modeling.After the rats were sacrificed,the left lung was harvested for measuring the wet weight and dry weight and calculating the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D).The right lung was harvested for pathological observation under light microscope and calculation of semi-quantitative pathological index (PI).Results Twenty-four hours after modeling,deaths were noted in all groups except the control group.After injection of LPS,rats curled with little movements.At 6 hour,the body temperature was significantly higher in the model group than in the control group [(37.4 ±0.27)℃ vs.(35.9 ±0.05) ℃,P =0.00] ; it was (36.2 ±0.38)℃,(36.3 ±0.30)℃,and (36.3 ± 0.32) ℃ in the ω-3 PUFA high-,medium-,and low-dose groups,which were significantly lower than that in the model group (all P =0.01).The amounts of white blood cells,neutrophils,and lymphocytes increased in the model group,but showing no significant difference compared with the other groups.The serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group [(353 ± 235) U/L vs.(157 ± 55) U/L,P =0.02 ; (141± 103) U/L vs.(54 ±23) U/L,P =0.03] ; the ω-3 PUFA high-dose group had significantly lower GOT and GPT levels than the model group did [(167 ±94) U/L vs.(353 ±235) U/L,P =0.03 ; (63 ±57) U/L vs.(141 ± 103) U/L,P =0.04].The model group had significantly higher lung wet weight [(371 ±38) mg vs.(281 ±24) mg,P=0.01] and W/D value (7.34±1.40 vs.5.41 ±0.84,P=0.01) compared with the control group.Compared with the model group,the W/D value was significantly lower in the ω-3 PUFA high-,medium-,and low-dose groups (6.17 ±0.58,P =0.03; 6.17 ± 0.76,P =0.03; 6.13 ± 1.23,P =0.04).Light microscopy showed that the lung alveoli of the model group presented congestion,obvious expansion,and scattered inflammatory cell infiltration in interstitium,along with significantly increased PI compared with the control group (3.9±0.9 vs.0.0±0.0,P=0.00).The PI value was (2.1 ±0.3),(2.1 ±0.3),and (2.3 ± 0.5) in ω-3 PUFA high-,medium-,and low-dose groups,respectively,all significantly lower than that in the model group (all P =0.01).Conclusions The acute lung injury model could be successful established by intravenous injection of LPS.ω-3 PUFA at different doses can improve the acute lung injury of rats.It is therefore supposed that early enteral administration of ω-3 PUFA can alleviate LPS-induced acute lung injury,although the optimal dosage and timing need further research.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation, Missense ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Angiotensins ; analysis ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Endothelin-1 ; analysis ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Lung ; chemistry ; pathology ; Magnesium Sulfate ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; analysis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Swine ; Vasomotor System ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of active fractions of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) on primary cortical neuron injury after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion (R) injury. Methods Using macroporous resin method, HJDFE30, HJDFE50, HJDFE75, and HJDFE95 with 30%, 50%, 75%, and 95% alcohol were respectively prepared. Then the content of active components in different HJD fractions was determined with reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The OGD/R injury model was induced by sodium dithionite on primary cortical neurons in neonate rats. MTT assay was used to observe the effect of four fractions (HJDFE30, HJDFE50, HJDFE75, and HJDFE95) and seven index components of HJD on the neuron viability.

RESULTSRP-HPLC showed active component(s) contained in HJDFE30 was geniposide; baicalin, palmatine, berberine, and wogonside contained in HJDFE50; baicalin, berberine, baicalein, and wogonin contained in HJDFE75. The neuron viability was decreased after OGD for 20 min and reperfusion for 1 h, (P <0. 01), and significantly increased after administered with HJD, HJDFE30, HJDFE50, and HJDFE75 (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Geniposide, baicalin, baicalein, palmatine, wogonside, and wogonin could increase the cortical neuron viability (P <0. 05, P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONSHJDFE30, HJDFE50, and HJDFE75, as active fractions of HJD, had protective effect on primary cortical neuron injury after OGD/R. Furthermore, geniposide, baicalin, and baicalein were main active components of HJD.

Animals ; Berberine ; Berberine Alkaloids ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Flavanones ; Flavonoids ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy

Objective To explore the correlation of lung function and IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in peripheral blood in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods The IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in peripheral blood of 75 pulmonary tuberculosis patients(severe 25 cases,moderate 25 casea,and mild 25 cases) and 30 healthy volunteers were measured by ELISA. Meanwhile FEV1 ,FEV1% and MMEF% of lung function in 75 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were measured.Results The levels of IFN-γ[(0. 204 ±0. 018) μg/L] and IL-4[(0. 523 ±0. 035) μg/L] in peripheral blood were significantly different both between tuberculosis group and control group and among tuberculosis patients ( severe,moderate,and mild) (t =7. 685,6. 374 ,all P ＜0. 05) ;FEV1 ,FEV1% ,and MMEF% of severe and moderate tuberculosis patients were significantly lower than those of mild tuberculosis patients and normal reference value; In tuberculosis patients, FEV1% and MMEF% were negatively related with IL-4 level in peripheral blood( r = -0. 46, -0. 43, all P ＜ 0. 05 ), also significantly positively related with the IFN-γ level in peripheral blood ( r = 0. 47,0. 45, all P ＜0. 05). Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis morbility may be due to cellular levels of patients. The IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in peripheral blood could affect the lung function of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

A HPLC method was established to determine the contents of the five anthraquinones and rhaponticin in the different varieties of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. The difference existed in different varieties. The results showed that rhein and rhaponticin were marker substances which could be used to distinguish palm leaf groups rhubarb and wave leaf groups rhubarb. Authentic rhubarb didn't contain rhaponticin. Falsify rhubarb contains trace amounts of rhein. Rheum tanguticum contains abundant rhein. The ratio value of the content of rhein to chrysophanol could be used to distinguish R. tanguticum from the other two authentic varieties (R. palmatum and R. officinale). The content of rhaponticin varied largely in different varieties of wave leaf groups rhubarb.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Rheum ; chemistry ; classification ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; classification

A series of surveillance and management actions was taken to minimize out-of-plan re-operations. These actions include: 1) Building and completing the surveillance and management mechanism against unplanned re-operations; 2) Building a real-time surveillance and reporting mechanism; 3) Enhancing quality control and continuous improvement at the operating departments; 4) Enhancing the supervision on regulations implementation by quality control departments of the hospital; 5) Enhancing quality control for medical records; 6) Building a feedback mechanism for surveillance results; 7) Building a penalty and reward mechanism. Efforts for one year and a half on such surveillance and management proved successful, as the incidence of out-of-plan re-operations fell from 1.7% before these actions to 1.0% afterwards.