Objective To investigate the imaging manifestations, clinical features and treatment of primary aggressive osteoblastoma (PAO)of the calcaneus.Methods The clinical data,imaging findings and treatment of PAO of the calcaneus in a young man retrospectively analyzed with literature review.The lesion was confirmed by pathology one and half years ago,and recurred after operation 10 months follow-up.Results X-ray and CT revealed expansive destruction of right calcaneus with little calcification or ossification,the bone destruction in the medial part of the calcaneus was obvious,the bone cortex was thin and incontinuous,there was no soft tissue mass or periosteal reaction.The talocalcaneal joint was not involved by the tumor.Neither other bones nor the root of Achilles' tendon showed direct tumor invasion or metastasis but neighboring swelling existed.Conclusion There are no significant differences about imaging manifestations, clinical features and laboratory analyses between primary aggressive and benign osteoblastoma of the calcaneus.The accurate diagnosis of PAO is only depending on pathology.The therapeutic effect with pure curettage and bone grafting for the lesion is not fine and tends to recur and malignant change.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of IBI302 on experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Methods Affinity of IBI302 to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family cytokines (including VEGF-A165,VEGF-A121 and placental growth factor PlGF) and complements (C3b,C4b) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The antagonist effect of IBI302 on VEGF was measured by proliferation,migration and tube formation tests of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).The anti-complement activity of IBI302 was measured by hemolysis test mediated by complement classical pathway and alternative pathway.Rhesus laser-induced CNV model was divided into 5 groups including model control group,bevacizumab group,IBI302 0.25 mg group,IBI302 0.50 mg group and IBI302 1.25 mg group.Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed on these monkeys at 14 and 28 days after drug delivery to observe the fluorescein leakage area and retinal thickness.The aqueous VEGF concentration was measured at 29 days after drug delivery.Results IBI302 showed good affinity to VEGF-A165,VEGF-A121 and PlGF,as well as C3b and C4b.IBI302 significantly inhibited the proliferation,migration and tube formation of HUVEC induced by VEGF-A165.IBI302 inhibited the hemolysis induced by complements obviously.At 14 and 28 days after drug delivery,the area of fluorescein leakage and retinal thickness in IBI302 0.25 mg group,IBI302 0.50 mg group,IBI302 1.25 mg group were reduced.The differences of the area of fluorescein leakage and retinal thickness in three IBI302 groups were not significant (P＞0.05).At 29 days after drug delivery,the VEGF concentration in the aqueous of rhesus monkey in bevacizumab group [(38.644 ± 6.521) pg/ml] was decreased than that in model control group [(94.203± 17.360) pg/ml],the difference was significant (P＜ 0.05).The VEGF concentration in the aqueous of rhesus monkey in three IBI302 groups were less than 31.300 pg/ml.Conclusion IBI302 inhibited experimental CNV through blocking the activity of VEGF and complement.

Objective To investigate the roles of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF) in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, and to analyze whether strain rate (SR) can be early sensitive evaluation for septic heart failure.Methods Sixty-four healthy male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups by random number table (n = 16 in each group): sham group, cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model group, anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group. The anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group were injected with 5μL/g of anti-MyD88 antibody or anti-TRIF antibody through the tail veins 2 hours before CLP. Eight animals in each group were used to observe the survival of 24 hours, and the other 8 myocardial tissues were harvested for examination. The cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography before and 6 hours and 12 hours after operation. The mRNA expressions of MyD88, TRIF and inflammatory factors in myocardium were measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 24 hours after operation, and the degree of neutrophils infiltration was detected by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.Results The number of 24-hour survive in anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group were higher than that in CLP group (number: 4, 3 vs. 2,P = 0.044,P = 0.047). Compared with sham group, the cardiac function was significantly decreased, the mRNA expressions of myocardial tissues MyD88, TRIF, interleukin (IL-1, IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly increased, and the infiltration of neutrophils were obvious in CLP group. Compared with CLP group, the left ventricular short axis fractional shortening rate (FS) and SR were significantly increased after 12 hours in anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group [FS: (49.52±1.78)%, (49.89±1.49)%vs. (41.11±1.63)%, SR (s-1): 17.63±2.16, 17.85±1.64 vs. 12.55±1.84]; the mRNA expressions of MyD88, TRIF and inflammatory factors were significantly decreased [MyD88 mRNA (A value): 0.463±0.046, 0.505±0.048 vs. 0.638±0.102, TRIF mRNA (A value): 0.413±0.031, 0.410±0.021 vs. 0.625±0.057, IL-1 mRNA (A value):0.569±0.101, 0.570±0.091 vs. 0.946±0.171, IL-6 mRNA (A value): 0.551±0.143, 0.431±0.157 vs. 0.850±0.194, TNF-α mRNA (A value): 0.471±0.082, 0.444±0.093 vs. 0.707±0.094]; and the infiltration of neutrophils were significantly decreased [MPO (U/L): 62.34±2.60, 60.87±2.40 vs. 73.83±4.90], with statistically significant differences (allP < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in above parameters between the anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group (allP > 0.05).Conclusions Blocking MyD88 and TRIF expression play significant and similar roles in protecting cardiac deterioration from sepsis by attenuating cytokine release, reducing neutrophil infiltration. SR can sensitively assess septic cardiac dysfunction.

Objective This study was to observe the biological effects of eprenone on proliferation ,migration and apoptosis in human gastric epithelial cell line .Methods Human gastric epithelial cells GES‐1 were cultured in vitro .MTT assay were used to e‐valuate the proliferation of GES‐1 cells in different concentrations of teprenone and ensure the appropriate drug concentration .T ran‐swell test and scratch test were used to detect the migration ability of GES‐1 cells treated with appropriate concentration of eprenone .Flow cytometry analysis were used to detect the apoptosis of GES‐1 cells treated by the appropriate concentration of eprenone .Results Treated with eprenone for 24 h ,the proliferation of GES‐1 cells were increased as the concentration of teprenone from 10 to 80 μmol/L ,but from 80 to 320 μmol/L ,the promoting effect showed no staticall significant changes .So the appropriate drug concentration was determined to be 80 μmol/L .Treated with teprenone (80 μmol/L) for 24 h ,the transwell test showed that the migration rate of the teprenone group was 3 .338 ± 0 .293 and the control group was 1 .328 ± 0 .208 .So the number of staining blue cells in eprenone group were more than in control group obviously under membrane of transwell chambers (P<0 .01) .Scratch test showed that the migration rate of the eprenone group was 1 .00 ± 0 .18 and the control group was 0 .72 ± 0 .08 .Similarly ,the migration rate of eprenone group was higher than the control group(P<0 .05) .Treated with teprenone (80 μmol/L) for 48 h ,the apoptosis rate of the teprenone group was (11 .90 ± 1 .53)% and the control group was (25 .61 ± 0 .15)% ,the cellular apoptosis of eprenone group was lower than the control group (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Teprenone can promote the proliferation and migration , inhibit the apoptosis of GES‐1 cells .

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI)in hepatitis B virus (HBV)related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)patients,and to explore the impact of AKI on the prognosis of ACLF.Methods The medical records of 227 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related ACLF at the Department of Infectious Diseases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2015 to August 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.Patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group based on the AKI criteria published by International Club of Ascites in 2015 .Demographic and clinical data were compared between groups.The AKI incidence and its impact on patients’prognosis were analyzed.The comparison of continuous variables was done by t test or rank-sum test.The comparison of categorical variables was done byχ2 test or Fisher exact test.AKI risk factors were analyzed by using logistic regression.Results There were 66 (29.1 %)cases were diagnosed with AKI among 227 ACLF patients,among which,45 patients (68.2%)were stage Ⅰ,14 (21 .2%) were stage Ⅱ and 7 (10.6%)were stage Ⅲ.Age,cirrhosis,concentrations of total bilirubin and albumin,international normalized ratio (INR),percentage of neutrophils,MELD scores and spontaneous peritonitis rate (SBP)were all statistically different between AKI group and non-AKI group (all P <0.05).The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that only INR (OR=3.132,P =0.001 )and SBP (OR=4.204,P =0.001 )were the independent risk factors of AKI.The optimal cut-off value for INR was 2.025 with AUROC of 0.609 (P =0.01),sensitivity of 59.1 % and specificity of 62.1 %.The 30-day mortality of AKI group was significantly higher than non-AKI group (χ2= 18.324,P < 0.01). Conclusions AKI is relatively common in patients with ACLF.The risk factors of AKI are INR and SBP. AKI has significant impact on the short-term survival rate of ACLF.Therefore,physicians should pay attention to patients with INR of ACLF at admissions and SBP during the management so as to prevent the occurrence of AKI and to reduce the fatality of ACLF.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; enzymology ; prevention & control ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Selenium ; pharmacology ; Telomerase ; metabolism ; Yeast, Dried ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Sheshang capsule for treatment of blood coagulation dysfunction in patients bitten by Trimeresurus stejnegeri snake. Methods A prospective study was conducted. Seventy Trimeresurus stejnegeri snake envenoming patients whose manifestations conformed to the diagnostic criteria of the fire toxin syndrome in TCM were assigned into therapy group and control group by random number table (each, 35 cases). The basic treatments (including wound disinfection, intramuscular injection of 1 500 U tetanus antitoxin, conventional dose of antibiotics, 10 mg dexamethasone, 40 mg omeprazole) and 10 Jidesheng Sheyao tablets three times a day were applied in the control group. In the therapy group, the basic treatments the same as those of the control group were given, and in the mean time 5 Sheshang capsules (the drug was prepared in our hospital including ingredients:rhubarb, coptidis rhizoma, pleione bulbocodioides, elecampane inula root, bayberry bark, borneol and so on) were administered three times a day. The therapeutic course in the two groups was 1 week. The levels of platelet α-granule membrane protein (CD62p), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), platelet factor 3 (PF3) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after treatment. Results Before treatment, there were no significant differences in CD62p, TXB2, PF3 and vWF between therapy group and control group [CD62p (μg/L):3.81±1.64 vs. 3.52±1.43, TXB2 (μg/L):13.04±1.67 vs. 13.31±1.14, PF3 (μg/L): 2.84±1.08 vs. 2.88±1.23, vWF (μg/L):12.36±2.42 vs. 11.89±2.08, all P>0.05]. After treatment, the levels of CD62p, TXB2 and PF3 were increased, while vWF decreased compared with those before treatment in both groups, the level changes in therapy group being more remarkable [CD62p (μg/L): 6.73±1.77 vs. 5.81±1.62, TXB2 (μg/L):18.65±1.77 vs. 17.90±1.68, PF3 (μg/L):5.61±1.48 vs. 4.77±1.24, vWF (μg/L):3.87±1.01 vs. 4.58±1.09, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. Conclusion The Sheshang capsule is capable of treating patients with blood coagulative disorder after Trimeresurus stejnegeri snake bite, and its mechanism is possibly related to the improvement of platelet activation function and amelioration of the damage of vascular endothelial cells.

High-performance liquid chromatographic coupled with variable wavelength detection (HPLC-VWD) has been developed for simultaneous determination of 5 analytes including ellagic acid, quercetin, kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-rutinoside, tiliroside and kaempferol, and high-performance liquid chromatographic with an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) has been established to determine goshonoside-F5 in extract of Rubi Fructus. Chromatographic separations were carried out on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5.0 microm). All calibration curves of reference standards revealed good linearity (R2 > 0.999 5) within the concentration ranges tested. The method limits of detection ranged 0.297-90.144 ng and the method limits ofquantitation ranged 0.990-300.480 ng, respectively. Recoveries of 6 analytes were from 97.11% to 101.7%, with RSD less than 2.1%. The result shows that amounts of the 6 analytes in the samples from 16 localities were found to be different. The higher latitude of growing environment, the more ellagic acid in herb. The content of total flavonoids in sample from east localities were higher than that in middle and west localities, and the content of goshonoside-F5 in Bozhou, Anhui province was higher than others. This method was found to be simple, accurate, sensitive with good repeatability. Those results might serve as a sound foundation for further study, quality control and application of Rubi Fructus.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Ellagic Acid ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Geography ; Rosaceae ; chemistry

AIMTo observe the effect of adenosine A, receptor antagonist on synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus and its relations with NMDA receptor.

METHODSUsing electrophysiological technique to record the long-term potentiation (LTP), the relation between selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) and NMDA receptor agonist/antagonist, in both basic synaptic transmission and 200 Hz high-frequency stimulation (HFS) induced LTP of the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in anesthetized rats, was studied.

RESULTSDPCPX (6 mg x L(-1), 5 microL, icv) or NMDA (0.2 mg x L(-1), 5 microL, icv) was shown not to affect the synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus in rats. DPCPX was found not to affect the keeping of LTP induced by HFS after icv NMDA. But the basic synaptic transmission and the magnitude of LTP induced by HFS in the dentate gyrus after icv NMDA could be enhanced significantly by icv DPCPX in advance. DPCPX could not affect the magnitude of LTP inhibited by AP5 (0.5 mg x L(-1), 5 microL) NMDA receptor antagonist, but the inhibitory effect of AP5 on LTP could be antagonized by icv DPCPX in advance.

CONCLUSIONThe selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX could not affect the synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus, but could significantly enhance the effect of NMDA receptor in both basic synaptic transmission and HFS induced LTP in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in anesthetized rats.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate ; pharmacology ; Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists ; Animals ; Dentate Gyrus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation ; drug effects ; Male ; N-Methylaspartate ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Synaptic Transmission ; drug effects ; Xanthines ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Bushen Huoxue Granule (BHG) on dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter and dopamine transporter (DAT) in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as an adjunctive therapy.

METHODSNinety-four PD patients were randomly assigned to two groups, 47 in each group. Madopar was given to all as the basic treatment group. The placebo was given to those in the control group while BHG was given to those in the treatment. The therapeutic course for all was three months. Before and after treatment DA levels in the brain of patients were detected by encephalofluctuograph (EFG) technique. Changes of DAT in the striatum of patients in the treatment group were detected by positron emission tomography (PET) and region of interest (ROI) analysis.

RESULTS(1) Before treatment the DA level was lower in the two groups than the normal value, showing significant difference (P < 0.01), but with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment the DA level obviously increased in the two groups, showing significant difference from that before treatment (P < 0.01). No significant difference existed in the DA level in the two groups when compared with the normal value (P > 0.05), but with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Better results were obtained in the treatment group than in the control group. (2) The DAT radioactive accumulation inside the striatum increased obviously in the treatment group after treatment. ROI analysis showed the total ratio of striatum/cerebellum before and after treatment was 1.86 +/- 0.32 and 2.61 +/- 0.53 respectively, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBHG could improve the DA level of PD patients, and increasing DAT contents in the striatum, thus playing a role in effectively treating PD.

Aged ; Brain ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy