Exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells have shown great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine .In this study, we performed meta-analysis to assess the clinical effectiveness of using exosomes in ischemia /reperfusion injury based on the reports pub-lished between January 2000 and September 2015 and indexed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases .The effect of exosomes on heart function was evaluated according to the following parameters:the area at risk as a percentage of the left ventricle , infarct size as a percentage of the area at risk , infarct size as a percentage of the left ventricle , left ventricular ejection fraction , left ventricular frac-tion shortening , end-diastolic volume , and end-systolic volume .Our analysis indicated that the currently available evidence confirmed the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-secreted exosomes in the improvement of heart function .However , further mechanis-tic studies, therapeutic safety and clinical trials are required for optimization and validation of this approach to cardiac regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion injury .

Objective: To investigate the difference in influencing factors for diabetes between urban and rural residents in Hefei City, so as to provide the basis for control and research of diabetes. Methods: The residents aged 18 years and older were selected using the stratified multistage random sampling method from 5 districts (counties) in Hefei City from August to December 2021. Demographic information, smoking, self-rated health status and sleep duration were collected through questionnaire surveys. Height, body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured. The crude prevalence of diabetes was calculated and standardized by age using China Statistical Yearbook 2022. Factors affecting diabetes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 10 443 residents were investigated, including 6 386 urban residents (61.15%) and 4 057 rural residents (38.85%). There were 4 690 males (44.91%) and 5 753 females (55.09%). Diabetes were detected in 1 492 cases, with a standardized prevalence of 9.57%. The standardized prevalence of diabetes among urban and rural residents were 9.21% and 12.58%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that region, age, educational level, occupation, body mass index and self-rated health status were influencing factors for diabetes. Further analysis stratified by urban and rural area showed that, in addition to the above factors, gender and smoking were influencing factors for diabetes among urban residents, while sleep duration was the influencing factor for diabetes among rural residents (all P<0.05). Conclusions There are urban-rural differences in the prevalence of diabetes among residents in Hefei City, and the prevalence of diabetes is associated with age, educational level, occupation, body mass index and self-rated health status.

AIM:Atherosclerosis primarily involved systemic arteries .Luminal surface , a monolayer of endothelial cells , of artery directly exposes to blood and is susceptible to active substances in the blood .Exosomes contain significantly amount of proteins and RNAs .Ex-osomes can be good and bad for cells , depending on their component .Thus, exosomes may contribute to atherosclerosis by affecting endothelial cells .This study analyzed the relationship of exosome proteins and atherosclerosis .METHODS: Fifty-six patients and healthy subjects were recruited and divided into two comparisons:healthy subjects vs atherosclerosis ( HS vs AS) , and hypertension vs hypertension plus atherosclerosis ( HT vs HT+AS) .Serum exosomes were decoded by protein mass spectrometry .The protein profile and function were analyzed by gene ontology ( GO) .RESULTS:It was found that five child terms repeatedly appeared in “response to stimulus” and “immune system process” of BP of the two categories ( HS vs AS and AS vs HT+AS):“positive regulation of innate immune response”,“immune response-activating signal transduction”,”activation of innate immune response”,“innate immune re-sponse-activating signal transduction” and “innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway ”.Two child terms repeatedly showed in “binding” of MF of the two categories:“antigen binding” and “enzyme binding”.Two proteins, PSMA6 and PSMA7, were repeatedly shown in the two categories .CONCLUSION:GO analysis was utilized for structure hierarchy “tree” to illustrate these proteins involved in various terms in BP , CC and MF.The PPI analysis supplied proteins which may play potentially im-portant roles in AS process .Innate immune system and blood coagulation pathway contribute to AS formation .The proteins, PSMA6, PSMA7 and Annexin A2, may can be the new target proteins for prevention and treatment of AS .

AIM:To analyze the proteins included in exosomes derived from blood of patients with hypertension and seek the main pathologi -cal changes in hypertension .METHODS:Forty-seven patients and healthy subjects were recruited and divided into two comparisons :healthy subjects vs atherosclerosis ( HS vs AS) , and atherosclerosis vs hypertension plus atherosclerosis ( AS vs HT+AS) .We extrac-ted exosomes from blood and utilized LC-MS/MS to identify the protein expression .We used GO analysis to established the hierarchy programs of biological process and molecular function .PPI was used to find the proteins related to the terms .RESULTS:It was found that three final child terms repeatedly shown in BP of the two categories ( HS vs AS and AS vs HT+AS):“signal transduction in re-sponse to DNA damage”,“response to zinc ion”, and“platelet aggregation”.It was found that two final child terms in MF of the two categories:“interleukin 2 receptor binding” and“ploy(A) RNA binding”.The proteins, PSMA6, PSMA7 and CA2, were related to the terms in the two categories .CONCLUSION: We discovered that the exosome proteins may indicate the pathological changes in hypertension through the biological processes related with the specific proteins .These specific proteins, such as VCL, PSMA6, DP, AKAP, ATP5B and CA2, can be the new indicators for severity of hypertension and new therapeutic targets .

AIM:To investigate the effects of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes (hiPSC-exo) on cell viability, capillary-like structure formation , and senescence in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose .METHODS: Exosomes were isolated from the conditional medium of hiPSCs and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy , nanoparticle tracking analysis , and Western blot analysis using Alix and CD63 as markers.hiPSC-exo were labeled with PKH26 for tracking.Cultured HUVECs were treated with high glucose (33 mmol/L) with or without hiPSC-exo (20 mg/L) for 48 h, and cell viability, capillary tube formation, and senescence were assessed .RESULTS:hiPSC-exo showed a typical cup shape and could be taken up by human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a concentration-dependent manner.When exposed to high glucose, viability and tube formation in HUVECs was signifi-cantly reduced, whereas the proportion of senescent cells was higher compared to that in control HUVECs (P<0.01).Furthermore, hiPSC-exo restored cell viability and capillary-like structure formation , and reduced senescence in HUVECs exposed to high glucose (P<0.01).However, hiPSC-exo had minimal effects on normal HUVECs.Therefore, stem cell-derived exosomes can promote cell proliferation, enhance capillary-like structure formation , and reduce senescence in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose . CONCLUSION:Our study highlights the role of exosomes derived from hiPSC and may provide a new strategy for maintaining vascular health, preventing vascular aging , and avoiding pathological vascular remodeling that occurs in many diseases .

Objective To investigate the variation of immune index in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with autologous purified CD+34 cells transplantation and to clarify the relationship with pathogenesis and prognosis. Methods Flow cytometry (FCM) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were used to test lymphocyte subsets, C3, C4, CH50, autoantibodies and immunoglobulin for 18 cases of SLE before and after transplantation. Results The results showed that the ratio of all the T cell subsets reduced obviously in early postgraft and recovered gradually in 1 to 3 months after transplantation except CD45 RO+CD+4 cells. The levels of serum C3, C4, CH50 increased significantly after transplantation. No case relapsed within one year after transplantation, but 2 patients relapsed one year after transplantation. The levels of the indexes in the patients with relapse were significantly lower than those in the patients with persistent remission, including C4 in the entire course, CH50 in the 3rd and 12th month after transplantation and CD45 RA+ CD+8 cells in the 6th month after transplantation. However, the ratio of CD45 RO+ CD+4 cells in the first month after transplantation in the patients with relapse was higher than that in the patients with persistent remission. Conclusion Autologous purified CD+34 cells transplantation is effective for treating SLE. Survey of immune indexes before and after transplantation is important to investigate the pathogenesis of SLE. Moreover, these immune indexes can be used to predict therapeutic efficacy of SLE.

Objective To investigate the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on the phosphorylation of IKK-β in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Forty-two six-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control(NC, n =7), diabetes control (DC, n =7), diabetes with smoking (DS, n = 14) and diabetes with smoking cessation(SC, n = 14). Rats in DS and SC groups were further assigned randomly into 8w and 12w subgroups. DS group was given passive smoking twice a day for 8 or 12 weeks, while SC group ceased passive smoking for 4 weeks after 8 or 12 weeks of smoking . Western blot method was used to detect the level of IKK-13 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Results Compared with the NC group,the phosphorylation of IKK-β protein in DC group was increased (0. 16±0. 05 vs 0. 30±0. 08, P < 0. 01). There was an increasing trend with the phosphorylation level of IKK-β in the DS (8w) subgroup, but there was no statistical difference between the DC group and SC(8w) subgroup (0. 40±0. 09 vs 0. 30±0. 08,0. 36±0. 10, P >0. 05). The phosphorylation level of IKK-β in DS(12w) group increased obviously, being significantly higher than that in the DC group and SC (12w) subgroup(0. 74 ± 0. 11 vs 0.30±0.08,0.35±0.07,P < 0.01). Conclusion With the prolongation of smoking duration, the phosphorylation of IKK-β in type 2 diabetic rats increased. After smoking cessation, the phosphorylation of IKK-β decreased. The phosphorylation of IKK-β may be involved in the mechanism by which smoking causes type 2 diabetes.

Objective To explore the association between body mass index and blood pressure , blood glucose, blood lipids and the 10-year risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) among the middle-aged population and to provide theoretical evidence to prevent cardiovascular disease among overweight and obese mid-dle-aged population in the community. Methods A total of 1,628 middle-aged residents having health examina-tions in Hangdong and Nanguan Community Health Service Center in Guancheng District of Zhenghzou City from September 2014 to September 2015 were selected as subjects and were divided into three groups: normal group , overweight group, and obesity group according the size of the body mass index. The relationship among BMI , blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids and the 10-year risk of ICVD was explored. Results The preva-lence of overweight and obesity in the population was 47.97% and 15.72% respectively. There was significant dif-ference in body mass index , systolic blood pressure , fasting blood glucose , blood lipids and the distribution of the 10-year risk for ICVD (all P < 0.05). The incidence of hypertension, hyperglycosemia and hyperlipidemia increased with the increase of BMI (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that over-weight and obesity were independent risk factors of hypertension , hyperglycosemia and hyperlipidemia (OR =2.144, 1.911, 2.028). Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and obesity among middle-aged population is high in Guancheng District of Zhengzhou City. Overweight and obesity co-exit with other cardiovascular risk factors. Normal BMI is important to reduce the level of risk for CVD and the 10-year risk of ICVD.

Objective To evaluate the clinical performance of AQT90 FLEX,a novel time-resolved fluorescence based point-of-care test (POCT) for quantification of D-dimer in elderly patients.Methods The method from Quantitative D-dimer assay (WS/T 477-2015) for testing equipment performance was used as a reference to evaluate the clinical performance of AQT90 FLEX.The correlation was compared between testing results of D-dimer using the AQT90 immune-assay analyzer and those using the ACL TOP coagulation analyzer.Results At high concentration of D-dimer,the within-run precision coefficient of variation (CV)was 2.619％,and at low concentration of D-dimer,the within-run precision CV was 2.767％.The pollution-carrying rate was 0.12％.The measured data from AQT90 and ACL TOP had a correlation coefficient of r =0.9491 (P ＜ 0.01).The equation of the line of best fit for D-dimer with which all AQT90 results can be adapted to the ACL TOP was:AQT90 =2.52 ACL TOP + 0.15.The number from the equation was slightly greater in female than that in male,and it was also increased in elderly.Conclusions The AQT90 FLEX had rational precision and linearity in determination of concentration.There was a high agreement between the testing results from AQT90 and those from ACL TOP.It was recommended to use a slope of 2.52 and an intercept of 0.15 to adjust the D-dimer values of the ACL TOP to the AQT90 FLEX assay systems.POCT for D-dimer by AQT90 FLEX raises feasibility for use in elderly patients.

[ ABSTRACT] The splicing factors were characterized for their crucial roles in pre-mRNA splicing of eukaryons. SRSF2 is a member of the SR protein family which is one of the most common splicing factors, and it is believed to be a key element in pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA transcription, regulation of the DNA stability and cell proliferation.SRSF2 gene mutation is detected frequently in myeloid malignancies ( like MDS and CMML) and may be associated with the phenotype and prognosis of these malignancies.The paper makes a review for the latest research progression on SRSF2 gene mutation and its relationship with myeloid malignancies.