The clinical data of one case of laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma in our hospital were respectively analyzed. The patient was a 61-year-old male, and complained of progressive pain of right ear for 7-year, it was misdiagnosed as glossopharyngeal neuralgia and larynx hemangioma. This patient was achieved total laryngectomy and bilateral cervical lymph nodes dissection. As of 12 months after surgery, the patient remains under follow-up observation, and no findings indicating obvious recurrence or metastasis has been observed. This disease is a rare and highly malignant tumor that is lack of specific feature in clinical performances. Recognition at larynx is essential so that proper patient management can be initiated.
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged

All information processing and transmission in the brain involves synapses, the synaptic cell adhesion molecules play an important role in the formation, maturation and maintenance of synapses. Neuroligin1 ( NL1) is excitatory postsynaptic trans?membrane cell adhesion molecules. The interaction between NL1 and other molecules, such as Neurexin1 ( NRXN1) , involves in the formation, plasticity and function of synapses. NL1 knockout or overexpression displayed impairment in learning and memory, thus sug?gesting that NL1 participates in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disease with cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, study of NL1 will open up new avenues to understand pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction, and may provide a novel insight into prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction?associated diseases.

Objective To explore the risk factors in children with epilepsy and their effects on attack rate of epilepsy.Methods One hundred and sixty epilepsy patients(patient group,88 boys and 72 girls)and 150 healthy children(control group,72 boys and 78 girls)were selected.All children conformed epilepsy at the west China second hospital were consecutively included in the study for 6 months period.The range of age was from 1 month to 16 years[(7.0?4.7)years old] of patient group children.All children with epilepsy had no-causation seizure for more than twice time and were diagnosed by electroencephalogram.Neurologically normal children in same period,matched for age and sex,visiting the health care clinic were selected as controls.The range of age was from 2 month to 16 years [(6.3?4.5)years old] of control group children.The risk factors examined were febrile convulsions,head trauma,central nervous system infections,abnormal perinatal history,family history of epilepsy and parental consanguinity.The data of patients and controls were obtained from a questionnaire through personal interviews.Details on the patient,family history,and parental age at the time of childbirth were included.Medical records were then reviewed.According to the data type,the statistics were performed with ?2 test and the significance level was the P

Objective:To prepare a bone substitute using microsphere scaffold containing adiponectin(APN)and to investigate the release behavior of the scaffold in vitro.Methods:Chitosan microsphere was developed by an emulsion-ionic cross-linking method. Poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA)and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)were used to prepare microsphere scaffold containing APN.The morphology,particle size,drug loading,incorporation efficiency and release behavior of the microsphere were examined. Results:The APN containing microsphere showed good spherical geometry,suitable size and microporosity under scanning electron microscope.The average diameter of the milipore was 20 -200 μm;the drug loading and incorporation efficiency were 1 .3% and 70.3% respectively.The controled-release process continued for 91 days.The extract solution from the APN microsphere-scaffold promoted MC3T3 cell proliferation without cytotoxicity.Conclusion:The APN microsphere-scaffold has sustained release function and may promote osteoblast proliferation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingpeng ointment in the treatment of eczema.Methods A multi-center,randomized,double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted.A total of 246 patients with eczema were randomly assigned with a ratio of 2∶1 to the treatment group and control group to topically apply Qingpeng ointment and placebo respectively twice daily for 3 weeks.Total symptom scores were calculated for the patients at the baseline,on week 1,2 and 3 during the treatment according to the individual scores for pruritus,lesions including erythema,papules,papulovesicles or vesicles,desquamation,crusting,infiltration and lichenification.The occurrence of adverse events was recorded.Results Totally,228 patients completed the trial,including 154 patients in the treatment group and 74 patients in the control group.After 3 weeks of treatment,a statistical difference was observed in the response rate (85.71％ vs.41.89％,Z=47.16,P＜ 0.01) and cure rate (31.82％ vs.12.16％,Z=12.30,P＜ 0.01) between the treatment and control group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (2.48％ vs.2.56％,x2 =0,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Qingpeng ointment displays a promising efficacy for the treatment of mild to moderate eczema with a rapid onset and high safety.

Objective:To investigate the prenatal genetic testing for suspected Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) to improve its prenatal diagnosis rate.Methods:This study reported a pregnant woman, who had a pregnant history of termination due to the same reason at 18 weeks, with fetal acromphalus and unusually thickened placenta indicated by ultrasound examination at 13 weeks of gestation. After chorionic villus sampling, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was used to analyze copy number variations in the whole genome, and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) was also performed to detect the methylation and copy number variations in H19 and KCNQ1 genes on chromosome 11p15. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the couple for chromosome G-banding karyotype analysis and SNP array. Results:The SNP array indicated a 176 kb heterozygous deletion in the 11p15.5 region. MS-MLPA revealed a loss of methylation at imprinting control region 2 and a 50% reduction of copy numbers of KCNQ1 (L02903) gene. No abnormality was found in the parents in the SNP array and G-banding karyotype analysis. The fetus was prenatally diagnosed with BWS. Conclusions:When intrauterine abnormalities, such as acromphalus and abnormal thickening of the placenta, are found by ultrasound during early pregnancy, prenatal genetic tests related to BWS, including MS-MLPA and SNP array, are suggested to avoid a missed diagnosis of BWS.

OBJECTIVETo study pharmacokinetic effect of Aikeqing Granule (AG) by different medication ways on zidovudine (AZT) in highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) of rats.

METHODSTotally 36 rats were administered with corresponding medications by gastrogavage, group I [HAART: AZT 31.5 mg/kg +3TC 31.5 mg/kg + Efavirenz (EFV) 63.0 mg/kg], group II (HAART+AG525 mg/kg), group III (HAART and AG 525 mg/kg after a 2-h interval). Drug concentrations of AZT were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) before HAART, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h after HAART, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters [such as t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUCo-t, plasma clearance rate (CL)] were calculated by DAS2.0 Software.

RESULTSThe-equation of linear regression of AZT was good, with the precision, coefficient of recovery, and stability definitely confirmed. AUC in group II and III was larger than that of group I. There was no statistical difference in t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-12 h, or AUC0-∞ among groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAG combined HAART could enhance the Cmax of AZT.

Animals ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Benzoxazines ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rats ; Zidovudine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and drug combined with endoscopic treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB).Methods:From January 2012 to December 2013, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, the data of 147 patients with liver cirrhosis and EGVB undergoing TIPS or drug combined with endoscopic treatment were retrospectively collected, with 87 cases in TIPS treatment group and 60 in drug combined with endoscopic treatment group.The 5 years follow-up data were analyzed, and the overall survival rates, rebleeding-free survival rates and hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rates at 6 weeks, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after treatment of two groups were compared. Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Z test, log-rank test and trend test were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were no significant differences in age, gender, etiology, Child-Pugh classification, initial liver function, coagulation function, liver ascites, previous history of hepatic encephalopathy, blood pressure and preoperative blood transfusion history between the TIPS treatment group and combination of drugs and endoscopy treatment group (all P>0.05). Forty-one patients died within 5 years, of which 20 (48.8%) died of rebleeding and 6 (14.6%) died of hepatic encephalopathy. There were no significant differences in 6-week, 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates between the TIPS group and drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05), however the 5-year overall survival rate of the TIPS treatment group was higher than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (78.4% vs. 63.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.06, P=0.048). The 6-week, 1-year, 2-year, 5-year rebleeding-free survival rates of the TIPS group were 97.7%, 96.5%, 88.9% and 70.9%, respectively, which were all higher than those of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (86.7%, 53.3%, 43.3% and 27.1%), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.35, 6.39, 6.26 and 4.80, all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rates at 6 weeks, 1 year and 2 years after treatment between the TIPS group and drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05), however the 5-year hepatic encephalopathy-free survival rate of the TIPS treatment group was lower than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (67.7% vs. 86.7%), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.28, P=0.030). The lower the Child-Pugh classification, the higher the cumulative 5-year survival rate ( χ2=6.75, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year overall survival rate in patients with the same Child-Pugh classification between the TIPS group and the drug combined with endoscopic treatment group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The efficacy of TIPS is better than that of the drug combined with endoscopic treatment in treating EGVB. Even the long-term risk of hepatic encephalopathy of TIPS is higher, the short-term, middle-term and long-term rebleeding rate are decreased. Patients with Child-Pugh grade C do not need to avoid TIPS when choosing the treatment, the earlier the TIPS used, the better survival benefit will be obtained.

BACKGROUND: Opportunistic infection of Candida albicans (C. albicans) has become a serious problem in immunocompromised patients. The study aimed to explore the mechanism of enterogenous infection of C. albicans in immunocompromised rats under severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n=100) were randomly assigned into 5 groups as the following: blank group, cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone+SAP group, cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone group, cyclophosphamide+SAP group, and cyclophosphamide group. The rats were sacrificed at 5 and 10 days, and their jejunum, colon, mesenteric lymph nodes, pancreas, intestinal content, and blood were quickly collected to detect C. albicans. A region of the 25S rRNA gene was chosen and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to differentiate C. albicans genotypes. The amplified products were further sequenced and compared to judge their homology. RESULTS: Compared with the Cyclophosphamide group, the combination of immunosuppressants and broad-spectrum antibiotics significantly increased the colonization of C. albicans in intestine in 5 and 10 days. Pure SAP stress did not increase the opportunistic infection of C. albicans. The PCR products of C. albicans isolates all belonged to the genotype A family, and sequence alignment showed that the amplified fragments were homologous. CONCLUSION: The damage of immune system and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are important risk factors for opportunistic fungal infection. Intestinal tract is an important source for genotype-A C. albicans to translocate and invade into bloodstream.