Objective: To observe the anti-apoptosis effect of tremella polysaccharides (TP) on cardiomyocytes by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: TP was extracted by dehydrated alcohol and the TP purity was measured by gas chromatography. The cultured cardiomyocytes of the neonatal rats were randomly assigned to normal group (Group A), apoptosis-induced group (Group B) and TP-pretreatment group (Group T). The morphology and uptake rate of trypan blue were studied after 72 h. The apoptosis index of cardiomyocyte was measured by flow cytometry. In the in vivo study, 100 ICR mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups after paired by body weight as following: Group N (negative control group, peritoneally injected by saline daily); Group C (positive control group, peritoneally injected by D-galactose and saline daily); Group L, M, and H (peritoneally injected by D-galactose and intragastric administered with TP at 100, 200, 400 mg/day, respectively). Mice were sacrificed for histology and biochemistry studies after 8 weeks. Results: Data of cultured cardiomyocytes were as follows: Uptake rate of trypan blue: B>C>A (P<0.01); apoptosis index: B>C> A (P<0.01). In the animal studies there were no obvious difference in myocardium pathology between groups. The order of the apoptosis indices of myocardium was H

Objective To observe the CT features of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods CT features of 40 adult patients with serologically proven mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were retrospectively reviewed. Results The most common CT findings of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were ground-glass opacity (34/40, 85.00%) and consolidation (28/40, 70.00%). The other findings included nodules (18/40, 45.00%), thickening of the bronchovascular bundles (6/40, 15.00%), interlobular septal thickening (6/40, 15.00%), mediastinal lymphadenopathy (6/40, 15.00%) and pleural effusion (4/40, 10.00%). Most of the ground-glass opacity and consolidation showed tendency of lobular distribution and involving the lower lobes. In some patients, the absorption of the lesions was slower than the relief of symptoms. Conclusion CT findings of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia have some features, and can provide help for the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

The effect of micronutrients on pressure ulcer was reviewed.Nutritional treatment is helpful to prevent and cure the pressure ulcer.Especially micronutrients should be paid more attention to.

Background Conventional chemical method to fix the entire eyeball results in the edema of retinal nerve fiber layer and therefore influent the evaluation of tissue structure.Research showed that microwave irradiation can avoid this phenomenon. Objective This study was to investigate the appropriate energy and time duration of microwave irradiation for fixation of rabbit eyes specimen and compare the influence of different fixation methods on retinal structure. Methods Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits were sacrificed by using venous air embolism.The eyeballs were enucleated from the rabbits and immersed in chemical reagents with glacial acetic acid,methyl aldehyde and chloroform for 2 days as the control group.The eyeballs were immersed in 400 ml physiological balance solution immediately,and then were fixed by microwave irradiation for 80,160,240 and 320 seconds under the lower power as the microwave irradiation groups.In the microwave irradiation+chemical fixation group,the specimens were immersed in chemical reagents for 1-2 hours after the microwave radiation.The morphology of retinal structure was examined and area of retinal detachment was calculated by hemotoxylin and eosin staining under the light microscope. Results A better fixation effect was obtained in the retinal section of microwave radiation for 240 seconds in comparison with that of the traditional chemical reagent fixation method for 2 days.The retina detachment ratio was 16.3%±11.5% for simple microwave method,50.0%±24.5% for chemical method,and 6.7%±7.8% for microwave+chemical method.showing a significant difference among 3 groups(F=32.43,P=0.000).Retinal staining was clear and retinal structure was almost normal in the specimens of microwave+chemical fixation group with 200-240 seeonds microwave irradiation and 1-2 hours chemical fixation. Conclusion Microwave irradiation method is a more ideal way for the fixation of retina because of taking short duration,lower toxicity and better staining.The combination of microwave radiation and chemical reagents can acquire an excellent quality of retinal section.

According to the transcriptome dataset of Panax notoginseng, the key geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (GGPPS) in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis was selected to be cloned. Using specific primer pairs combining with RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technique, the full-length cDNA sequence with 1 203 bp, which containing a 1 035 bp open reading frame, was cloned and named as PnGGPPS. The corresponding full-length DNA sequence contained 2 370 bp, consisted of 1 intron and 2 exons. The deduced protein PnGGPPS contained 344 amino acids and shared more than 73% identity with GGPPS from Ricinus communis and Salvia miltiorrhiza. PnGGPPS also had specific Aspartic acid enrichment regions and other conserved domains, which belonged to the Isoprenoid-Biosyn-C1 superfamily. The quantitative real-time PCR showed that PnGGPPS expressed in different tissues of 1, 2, 3 years old root, stem, leaf and 3 years old flower, and the expression level in 3 years old leaf was significant higher than that in other organs, which suggested that it might not only be involved in the regulation of the growth and development, but also be associated with the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoids, the development of chloroplast, the shade habit and the quality formation of P. notoginseng.
Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase ; genetics ; Panax notoginseng ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background Peripheral refraction of retina brings about influence on myopia development,and different corrective methods will play different roles on the peripheral refraction.Objective This study was to measure the peripheral refraction with progressive addition lenses (PALs) and single-vision spectacle lenses (SVLs) corrected in adolescent myopic eyes and to investigate the difference between them.Methods This was a selfcontrolled cross-sectional study.Forty corrected myopic eyes with PALs were recruited for the study.Twenty-three male and seventeen female subjects aged 10-15 years (mean 12.54 years±1.45 years) enrolled in this study.The refractive errors of the subjects ranged form-1.50 D to-6.00 D (mean-3.74 D±1.09 D) and the astigmatism was less than-1.50 D with the corrected visual acuity at least 20/25.1％ Tropicamide eye drops was topically administered for the cycloplegia and then Grand Seiko WAM-5500 Auto-refractor was used to measure the peripheral refraction.The measured points were determined follows as:fovea (0°),peripheral temporal (T30°,T20°,T10°) and nasal (N30°,N20°,N10°) visual fields from the right eyes.The mean of the six measuring points for each position was calculated.Peripheral refraction was measured from each subject under the wearing of PALs or SVLs (randomly in succession),and the statistic analyse perimeters included M value,relative peripheral refractive error (RPRE),J45,J180.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before examination.Results The corrected visual acuity was 4.98 ± 0.65 and 4.97 ± 0.53 under the PALs and SVLs conditions respectively,showing in significant difference between them (t =0.222,P =0.639).Hypermetropic shift in peripheral M value and RPRE value were found with the increase of visual angle field,in contrast,the peripheral J180 showed a myopic shift,and significant difference was found among the six peripheral points with all of the above three perimeters (P＜0.05).Negative J45 values in the temporal visual filed and positive J45 values in the nasal filed showed less shift.Some peripheral angles of the peripheral refractions in M value,RPRE value,J180,J45 showed significantly difference from the fovea refraction(P＜0.05).Compared with SVLs correction,PALs induced relatively myopic shifts in M value and RPRE value in all of the peripheral angle fields,showing significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusions PALs causes relatively myopic shift at the peripheral retina in adolescent myopic eyes in comparison with SVLs,and the important parameters are M value and RPRE value.The effect of PALs on controlling the onset and progression of myopia may be interpreted by peripheral refraction.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of skull CT angiography (CTA) original image spot in acute stage (3 ～6 h) of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) hematoma enlargement.Methods A total of 45 cases of HICH patients was analyzed retrospectively,who accepted emergency head CT scan and CTA synchronization within 6 h occurrence.According to the CTA without original image spot,those cases were divided into two groups including patient's clinical symptoms worsen instant or regular 24 h after onset review head CT scan.According to the field the formula,the hematoma volume was calculated.The incidence rate of hematoma expansion was compared between two groups.Results (1) Of 45 cases,emergency skull CTA original image spot positive sign was 11 cases (24.4％),spot sign negative 34 cases (75.6％).The patient's age,gender,admission glasgow coma scale (GCS) score and head CT hematoma volume for the first time had no statistical difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).(2) There were 13 patients (28.9％) who occurred the hematoma enlargement,10 cases (10/11,90.9％) with the spot sign positive,and 3 case (3/34,8.8％) with spot sign negative.The hematoma expansion rate had statistical difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Cranial CTA original image spot can provides objective for patients with acute phase of HICH hematoma expansion imaging indicator,which helps to select hematoma in patients at high risk of easy to expand.Thus makes the treatment of patients with the class a more timely and accurate.

This study was aimed to establish a method to determine the content of phenolic acids in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis, in order to study the accumulation and decrease law of phenolic acids. The content of total phenolic acid was determined by ferric chloride-ferricyanatum calcium colorimetric method. Thecontent of ferulic acid in Coptis chinensis was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the contents of total phenolic acid and ferulic acid in the soil of cultivation base of Coptis chinensis were in the range from 0.545-0.026 mg·g-1 and 0.139 to 0.652 μg·g-1, respectively. It was concluded that the variation of phenolic acids in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis was obvious. With the increase of growth age of Coptis chinensis, the contents of total phenolic acid and ferulic acid in the soil of cultivation base of Coptis chinensis were increased in the cultivation period. With the increase of fallow age, the contents of total phenolic acid and ferulic acid in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis showed decrease tendency in the fallow period of Coptis chinensis. The variation tendency of phenolic acids contents in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis can be referred to in the study of the continuous cropping obstacle of Coptis chinensis.

Objective To study the biofilm-forming ability and the distribution of biofilm-related genes in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates as well as antimicrobial resistance,to analyze their relationships with the bacterial resistance phenotype.Methods A prospective study was conducted.Biofilm models of 70 strains Acinetobacter baumannii collected in Chengwu County People's Hospital from October 2012 to October 2013 were constructed using 96-well polystyrene plate.In order to analyze the biofilm-forming ability,a qualitative and quantitative analysis was conduct by crystal violet staining assay.And the antimicrobial resistance of different biofilm-forming ability strains was compared including imipenem,amikacin,meropenem,cefepime,sulbactam cefoperazone,trimethoprim,levofloxacin,gentamicin,ciprofloxacin,cefotaxime,ceftizoxime,aztreonam,piperacillin,ceftriaxone,cefuroxime.In addition,the expressions of biofilm-related gene Bap,bfs and intI1 were tested with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.Results Among 70 strains Acinetobacter baumannii,40 strains were multi-drug resistant (57.14％) and 6 strains were pan-drug resistant (8.57％); 68 strains had biofilm-forming ability (97.14％),14 of which were weakly positive,20 were positive and 34 were strongly positive.The antimicrobial resistant rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem,amikacin,meropenem and cefepime was decreased,it was 30.00％,32.86％,38.57％ and 41.43％,respectively.However,the antimicrobial resistant rates to other commonly used antibiotics were all higher than 50％.The drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to levofloxacin (85.71％,45.00％,38.24％,x2=9.225,P=0.010),cefepime (71.43％,45.00％,29.41％,x2=7.222,P=0.027),gentamicin (78.57％,55.00％,38.24％,x2 =6.601,P=0.037) was significantly decreased when biofilm-forming ability reinforced (weakly positive,positive,hadro-positive).Bap gene positive rate of weakly positive,positive and strong positive biofilm-forming strains Acinetobacter baumannii was 50.00％,65.00％ and 79.41％ (x2=4.244,P=0.120),respectively.Bfs gene positive rate was 35.71％,65.00％ and 88.24％,respectively (x2=13.602,P=0.001) and intI1 gene positive rate was 42.86％,75.00％ and 91.18％,respectively (x2 =12.902,P=0.002).Moreover,the antimicrobial resistances of biofilm-related gene positive strains were higher than the negative,of which the drug resistance of intI1 positive group to amikacin was significantly higher than the negative group (40.38％ vs.11.11％,x 2=5.194,P=0.023).Conclusions The Acinetobacter baumannii collected from the hospital had strong multi-drug resistance as well as strong biofilm-forming ability.The drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii decreased when biofilm-forming ability reinforced.In addition,genes,such as Bap,bfs,and intI1,contributed to biofilm formation.

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance,distribution,and carriage of carbapenemase genes of Acinetobacterbaumannii(AB)from two hospitals in Qingdao.Methods 145 AB isolates collected from two hospi-tals (78 from hospital A,67 from hospital B)were performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing,carbapenemase genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR);homology analysis were conducted with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR.Results AB from hospital A were generally resistant to 16 commonly used antimicrobial agents,with the lowest resistant rate of 3.85% to cefoperazone/sulbactam,followed by resist-ance rate of 16.67% to minocycline,resistant rates to the other antimicrobial agents were all>73% . AB from hos-pital B were generally resistant to 23 commonly used antimicrobial agents,but the resistance rates to minocycline and tigecycline were both 0,resistance rates to amikacin and levofloxacin were 23.88% and 38.81% respectively, resistant rates to the other antimicrobial agents were all >64% . All strains carried OXA-5 1 gene,the carriage rates of OXA-23 gene in carbapenem-resistant group were 86.76% (59/68)and 56.67% (34/60)in hospital A and B re-spectively,the difference was significant(χ2= 14.53,P<0.001);OXA-58 gene was detected in 3 isolates in hospi-tal A but not detected from hospital B. 145 AB strains were classified into 8 types,the major prevalence types were type A (n= 71)and E(n= 37);the major prevalence types in hospital A were type A (46.15% )and E(41.03% ), hospital B were type A (52.24% )and C (17.91% ).Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance of clinically isolated AB is serious and prevailed in two hospitals. OXA-23 and OXA-51 genes play an important role in AB resistance to car-bapenems.