0.05). Two fasting blood samples of 3 mL were taken in both groups and were sealed in tubes.Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3 000 r/min for 10 min. The serum IGF-Ⅰ, IgG, IgA and IgM were detected with the method of ELISA. The body height, wieght were measured at the same time. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 11.0 software. Means and standard deviation were calculated.t-test was used to compare the differences between menas.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the significance of correlation.Results The serum IGF-Ⅰ,IgG,IgA,IgM and weight,height in RRI group were (21.8?4.5) ?g/L,(8.85?1.94) g/L,(0.78?0.22) g/L,(1.01?0.55) g/L,(17.7?4.92) kg and (95.2?3.22) cm.The serum IGF-Ⅰ,IgG,IgA,IgM and weight,height in control group were (32.7?4.7) ?g/L,(12.05?2.09) g/L,(1.95?0.90) g/L,(1.60?0.60) g/L,(25.3?9.6) kg,(104.7?8.32) cm,respectively.There were significant differences between 2 groups(Pa

AIMTo clone the gene of staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 and express it in the form of a soluble fusion protein in E. coli. Then the activation of SEC2 on mice lymphocyte and its lethal effects on tumor cells were studied.

METHODSStaphylococcus aureus SEC2 gene was cloned into GST gene fusion vector pGEX-4T-1. The resultant plasmid pGEX-4T-SEC2 was used to transform E. coli BL21, where the GST-SEC2 fusion protein was expressed efficiently. The rSEC2 protein was purified with Glutathione Sepharose 4B affinity column and digested with thrombin. The in vitro culture system was utilized to observe the activation of the SEC2 on mice lymphocyte and the lethal effects on tumor cells of the activated mice lymphocyte.

RESULTSThe proper gene of SEC2 was cloned and purified rSEC2 was obtained. The MTT results indicated that rSEC2 have strong ability to stimulate mice lymphocyte to proliferate with a dose-dependent manner. With the proliferation of mice splenic lymphocyte, rSEC2 has a strong lethal effect on tumor cells B16, K562 and K562-AD.

CONCLUSIONIn this study, the gene of SEC2 was cloned and the rSEC2 protein was obtained, which had strong lethal effect on tumor cells B16, K562 and K562-AD.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enterotoxins ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Spleen ; cytology ; Transfection

Objective To use diagnosis related group (DRGs ) for the first time in overall evaluation of inpatient service performance evaluation of major diagnostic category (MDC)for all the Beijing municipal hospitals,and recommend how to strengthen Beijing municipal hospitals system in diagnosis and treatment ability of main diseases and improve inpateint service performance.Methods BJ-DRGs burster software was used to analyze the first page information of the medical records of cases discharged from all the Beijing municipal hospitals between 2012 and 2014 to determine the weight of each DRG,and based on such weight the related indicators of such hospitals and central hospitals in 2012, 2013,2014 were compared and analyzed.Results Improvements were found in such indices as diagnosis and treatment difficulty of 50% MDC,time efficiency of 81.8% MDC,cost efficiency of 77.3% MDC, and general capacity of 54.5% MDC for all Beijing municipal hospitals.In addition,the municipal hospitals were found superior to the central hospitals in such indices as cost efficiency of 68.2% MDC, and time efficiency of 59.1% MDC.On the other hand however,they were found inferior to the central hospitals in such indices as diagnosis and treatment difficulty of 72.7% MDC,and the comprehensive ability index of the two systems were found equivalent.Another finding was that there was no obvious improvement of the coverage of disease types at major tertiary hospitals in Beijing for the past three years.Municipal hospitals of greater contribution of MDC weight were highly consistent with the hospitals assigned with national key projects of disciplinary developments. Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation results of inpatient service performance of main diseases at Beijing’s municipal hospitals based on DRGs system,showed that the Beijing’s hospital authority had played an important role in improving inpatient service performance especially in reducing the burden of patients,improving the service efficiency through increasing government investment,optimizing service organization and implementation of performance management.But it also suggested that measures such as collectivize construction and management should be taken to improve municipal hospitals’linical specialty ability, improve the MDC diagnosis and treatment difficulty,and resume their functions of tertiary hospitals.

Objective To study the sources and the relationship between the management and the outcome of hemorrhage after cephalic pancreatoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical data of 370 patients who underwent pancreatic resection at the Lihuili Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University were retrospectively analyzed.Results Postoperative bleeding occurred in 35 patients with 11 deaths.Among those intraabominal bleeding occurred in 14 cases and gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred in 22,with one case suffering from both.Bleediug developing within 72 hours after operation in 12 cases (early-stage group),which was caused by improper intraoperative homeostasis.In other 23 cases,bleeding 72 hours after operation(later stage group)was caused by the erosion following pancreatic and/or bile leakage.Relaparotomy was performed in 13 cases and endoscopic homeostasis was performed in 3. Relaparotomy or endoscopic homeostasis was superior to that of conservative therapy in the early-stage group (P0.05).Pancreatic or bile leakage was identified as the significant risk factors for the postoperative bleeding.Conclusions In order to prevent the postoperative hemorrhage and to reduce the mortality of pancreatic resection,skillful techniques,expeditious homeostasis,proper management of stump pancreas and the prevention of pancreatic and bile leakage are essential.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical and histopathologic features, diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapy of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD).

METHODSThe clinical and pathologic features of 15 cases of PTLD were retrospectively analyzed by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization, according to the updated 2008 WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.

RESULTSAmongst the 15 cases studied, 14 cases had received allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) and 1 case had received renal transplantation. There were altogether 12 males and 3 females. The male-to-female ratio was 4:1. The mean age was 30.4 years and the median age was 31 years (range from 9 to 60 years). PTLD developed 1.5 to 132 months after transplantation (median 13.0 months). The mean age of the 14 patients with AHSCT was 28.3 years (range from 9 to 45 years) and PTLD developed 1.5 to 19 months after transplantation (mean 4.5 months). Major clinical presentation included fever and lymphadenopathy. Twelve cases involved mainly lymph nodes and the remaining 3 cases involved tonsils, stomach and small intestine, respectively. The histologic types in 4 cases represented early lesions, including plasmacytic hyperplasia (n = 1) and infectious mononucleosis-like PTLD (n = 3). Seven cases were polymorphic PTLD, with 4 cases containing a predominance of large cells. Graft-versus-host disease was also seen in the case of small intestinal involvement. Four cases were monomorphic PTLD, 3 of which were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 was plasmablastic lymphoma and 1 was a mixture of monomorphic and polymorphic PTLD. Foci of necrosis were seen in 5 cases. The proliferating index of Ki-67 was high. The positive rate of EBV-encoded RNA in AHSCT was 92.9%. The duration of PTLD onset was shorter in EBV-positive cases (range from 1.5 to 7 months) than EBV-negative cases (range from 19 and 132 months). Some cases were treated by reduction of immunosuppression, antiviral agents or anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab. The duration of follow-up in 14 patients ranged from 0 to 8 months. Five of the patients died of the disease.

CONCLUSIONSThe diagnosis of PTLD relies on morphologic examination and immunohistochemistry. Most of them are of B-cell origin. EBV plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PTLD. The duration of disease onset is shorter in EBV-positive cases. PTLD in AHSCT cases occurs in younger age group, with shorter duration of onset, as compared to solid organ transplantation. The prognosis of PTLD is poor. The modalities of treatment include reduction of immunosuppression, antiviral agents or anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; therapeutic use ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; etiology ; pathology ; virology ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; drug therapy ; etiology ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Rituximab ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study clinical and histopathological features, and diagnosis of mediastinal tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (MTHL).

METHODSForty cases of MTHL were analyzed for clinicopathology by microscopy and immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, according to the updated 2008 WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.

RESULTSIn 40 cases of MTHL, there were 20 males and 20 females. The ratio of male/female was 1:1. The mean age was 31.8 years and median age was 29 years (range, 12 - 70 years).Superior vena cava syndrome was observed in 28 cases. The specimens of 4 cases were obtained by lumpectomy, whereas 36 cases by biopsy (25 cases by thoracoscopy, 1 by core needle aspiration). Twenty cases lay in anterior mediastinum, and 2 in posterior, 1 in superior, 8 in anterior and superior, 2 in posterior and superior, 2 in anterior and middle, 1 in middle and anterior mediastinum.Frozen section were performed in 28 cases, and 17 cases were diagnosed as tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (consistency ratio was 60.7%). Twelve cases were classical Hodgkin lymphomas (cHL) (8 were nodular sclerosis subtype, and 3 were mixed cellarity, 1 was lymphocyte-rich subtype), and 10 were primary mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma (PMBCL), 10 were precursor lymphocyte neoplasm [8 were T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomas (T-LBL), 2 were B-LBL], 1 was MALT lymphoma, 1 was composite lymphoma (PMBCL and cHL), 2 were myeloid sarcomas, 4 were gray zone lymphomas (GZL) (3 had morphology reminiscent of cHL, and 1 of DLBCL, all cases were positive for CD20, PAX5, CD30 and CD15).EBER were detected in 11 cases by in situ hybridization, 2 of which were positive (18.2%), and the 2 positive cases were cHL.

CONCLUSIONSMTHLs occur predominantly in adolescents and young adults, mainly present as superior vena cava syndrome and anterior mediasinal masses. cHL, PMBCL, T-LBL were the most common MTHLs.GZLs mainly occur in young adults, those whose morphology reminiscent of cHL, immunohistochemistry reminiscent of PMBCL, and vice versa. Thoracoscopy, frozen section and a suitable panel of antibodies were practical approaches to MTHL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hodgkin Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lewis X Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; PAX5 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ; metabolism ; pathology ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and significance of PLAC1/CP1 genes in patients with primary colorectal carcinoma.

METHODSThe expression of PLAC1/CP1 genes in 97 cases of colorectal carcinoma was studied using tissue chip technology and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe rate of PLAC1/CP1 proteins expression in the cases studied was 56.7% (55/97), with 27.8% (27/97) being nuclear staining and 43.3% (42/97) being cytoplasmic staining. The percentage of expression was higher in women than in men (χ(2) = 6.567, P = 0.010). The expression in poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in the well or moderately differentiated carcinoma (χ(2) = 8.321, P = 0.016). The expression was also significantly higher in stage TNM III or IV tumors than in stage TNM I or II tumors (χ(2) = 18.726, P = 0.000). The rate was higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in those with negative lymph nodes (χ(2) = 17.407, P = 0.000), and was higher as the number of metastasis increasing (χ(2) = 22.632, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of PLAC1/CP1 genes correlates with various clinical and pathologic parameters. It carries prognostic significance and may represent a potential target for immunotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pregnancy Proteins ; metabolism ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the inhibitory effect of KAI1 gene on breast cancer cell growth in vitro.

METHODSHighly metastatic human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was transfected with pCMV-KAI1 or mock transfected plasmid pCMV with lipofectamine. Western blot was used to determine the expression of target protein of KAI1. The proliferative ability of cells was tested by MTT assay and colony-forming test. The cell cycle pattern was assayed by flow cytometry. The metastatic ability was investigated by cell adhesion and invasion assays.

RESULTSA stable cell clone transfected with KAI1 gene was obtained and over-expression of KAI1 protein was observed. There was a significant decline in cell proliferative ability of pCMV-KAI1 transfected MDA-MB-231 cells in comparison with the mock-transfected ones and non-transfected ones, revealed by MTT assay and colony-forming test (P < 0.05). The ability of adherence and invasion of pCMV-KAI1 transfected cells was significantly reduced in comparison with the other two groups (P < 0.05). Also, flow cytometry analysis revealed that in KAI1 transfected cell group the number of cells in G0/G1 phase increased markedly from 36.78% +/- 0.61% to 64.00% +/- 7.56%, while the number of cells in G2/M phase decreased from 17.88% +/- 0.76% to 7.63% +/- 0.60%, comparing with the non-transfected ones.

CONCLUSIONKAI1 gene suppresses the invasive ability of human breast cancer cells in vitro and may inhibit the proliferative ability by changing the cell cycle pattern.

Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Kangai-1 Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Plasmids ; Transfection

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to test the accuracy of the watch peripheral arterial tone (Watch PAT) in diagnosing the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and its influencing factors.

METHODSThirty five outpatients who had a chief complaining of sleep snoring were recruited to receive Watch PAT test and polysomnography (PSG) simultaneously. The results of PSG were manually analyzed by an experienced technician, while the results of Watch PAT were automatically analyzed by software.

RESULTSThere was a trend that the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of PSG was significantly higher than that of Watch PAT (P = 0.06) in the 35 patients studied, however, these two variables were significantly correlated (P < 0.001), and the correlation coefficient was as high as 0.955. A linear regression analysis which used the AHI of Watch PAT to predict the AHI of PSG also concluded same result and the equation was AHI (PSG) = 0.944 + 1.030AHI (Watch PAT), P < 0.001. The analysis which used ROC curve to test the diagnostic efficiency of Watch PAT concluded that the area under the curve could reach to 0.953 (P < 0.001), and if an AHI (Watch PAT) threshold of ≥ 8.65 was used as the cut-off point in this study, the sensitivity and specificity could reach to 92.3% and 100.0%. The absolute values of the differences (AVD) between the AHI of Watch PAT and the AHI of PSG were also calculated as a criterion for grouping the 35 patients studied, then it could be found that there was a trend that the BMI of patients who had an AVD ≥ 5 were higher than that of patients who had an AVD < 5 (P = 0.077).

CONCLUSIONSThe Watch PAT is highly sensitive in the diagnosis of OSAHS, it can be used as a simple and reliable method for screening people with suspicious OSAHS. However, the accuracy of diagnosis may be relatively low in patients who have a great BMI.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; methods ; Polysomnography ; instrumentation ; methods ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

Background: Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are bioactive substances extracted from P. notoginseng that are widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and interstitial diseases. PNS have the functions of scavenging free radicals, anti-inflammation, improving blood supply for tissue and so on. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PNS on the oxidative stress of immune cells induced by porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Using an oxidative stress model of PCV2 infection in a porcine lung cell line (3D4/2 cells) and mice, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), total glutathione (T-GSH), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) were determined to evaluate the regulatory effects of PNS on oxidative stress. Results: PNS treatment significantly reduced the levels of NO and ROS, the content of GSSG and the activities of XOD, MPO, and iNOS (p < 0.05), while significantly increasing GSH and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in infected 3D4/2 cells (p < 0.05).Similarly, in the in vivo study, PNS treatment significantly decreased the level of ROS in spleen lymphocytes of infected mice (p < 0.05), increased the levels of GSH and T-GSH (p < 0.05), significantly decreased the GSSG level (p < 0.05), and decreased the activities of XOD, MPO, and iNOS. Conclusions PNS could regulate the oxidative stress of immune cells induced by PCV2 infection in vitro and in vivo.