Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of postmenopausal women with thickening endometrial. Methods Totally 187 patients with postmenopausal endometrial thickening by transvaginal B-ultrasound were divided into symptomatic group (n=104)and asymptomatic group (n=83).Their body mass index,age of menarche and menopause,history of menstruation and reproductive,application of estrogen,and hypertension and diabetes were collected.All the patients underwent hysteroscopy and biopsy procedures. Results There was no difference between two groups in body mass index [ (24.3 ± 3.2) kg/m2 vs.(23.3 ± 2.6) kg/m2,t =3.79,P =0.052]. The postmenopausal time of symptomatic patients in the group was shorter than the asymptomatic [ ( 14.6 ± 2.4) years vs.( 16.5 ± 2.9 ) years,t =4.12,P =0.039].The patients in the asymptomatic group were older than the patients in the symptomatic group [(68.1 ±4.8) years vs.(66.1± 5.5) years,F=3.89,P =0.046].The average endometrial thickness of patients in the asymptomatic group showed no difference compared with patients in the symptomatic group [(7.2 ±1.4) mm vs. (7.8 ± 2.0) mm,F=3.21,P=0.065]. There were 5 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma,1 case of endometrial atypical hyperplasia,38 cases of endometrial polyp,25 cases of submucosal hysteromyoma,14 cases of proliferative phase endometrium in the asymptomatic group;while 8 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma,1 case of endometrial stromal sarcoma,4 cases of endometrial serous papillary carcinoma,5 cases of endometrial atypical hyperplasia,47 cases of endometrial polyps,21 cases of submucosal hysteromyoma,2 cases of uterine empyema,8 cases of chronic inflammation of the endometrium, 8 cases of proliferative phase endometrium in the symptomatic group,respectively. Conclusions Most of endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women are benign lesions, mainly including endometrial polyps and submucous myoma, but endometrial cancer accounts for a certain percentage. Hysteroscopy is minimally invasive,safe and with specificity for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial lesions.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of concomitant docetaxal (DTX) and nedaplatin (NDP) therapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer in elderly women.Methods Totally 42 elderly patients with histologically confirmed recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer received chemotherapy with DTX combined with NDP.DTX with the dose of 60-70 mg/m2 was administered intravenously on day 1,followed by NDP with the dose of 70-80 mg/m2 given intravenously on day 2.The treatment was repeated every 3 weeks.The efficacy was evaluated according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) and serum CA125 level.Adverse reactions were assessed according to performance and standard criteria in toxicity of anticancer agents of WTO.Results 4 patients were switched to other chemotherapy strategies due to progression of disease after 2 courses of treament,and the other patients completed 4 to 6 courses.Among 42 patients,18 cases (42.9％)showed complete remission,10 cases (23.8％) showed partial remission,6 cases (14.3％) were in stable conditions,and 8 cases (19.0％) progressed to severe disease.The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 7 months,and the efficacy rate (complete and partial remission) was 66.7％(28/42).The main adverse effects were alopecia,nausea and vomit,and leucopenia.Patients could get remission by receiving drug therapy.Conclusions Docetaxel plus nedaplatin therapy has a good therapeutic effect with low incidence of adverse reactions,high safety and well tolerance in elderly platinum-sensitive women and in those with platinum-resistant recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective To investigate the changes and significances of vaginal microecology in elderly postmenopausal women.Methods 50 postmenopausal women and 68 reproductive age women with no subjective symptoms and normal vaginal microecological who had health examination in Beijing Hospital were selected.The contents and strains of vaginal lactobacilli in both groups were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and their differences between the two groups were analyzed.Results 92％ (46 cases) of postmenopausal women had only one vaginal lactobacillus strain in vaginal,and 8％(4 cases) of them had two lactobacillus strains in vaginal.But 4％(3 cases) of reproductive-age women had only one vaginal lactobacillus strain in vaginal,and 96％ (65 cases) of them had two and more lactobacillus strains in vaginal.There was a significant difference in the strains of vaginal lactobacilli between the two groups (x2=91.035,P=0.000).The strains of vaginal lacmbacilli ranking top 4 detection rate was Lactobaeillus jensenii (30.0％),Lactobacillus gasseri (22.6％),Lactobacillus crispatus (16.9％) and Lactobacillus inert (13.2％) in postmenopausal women,while Lactobacillus inert (80.8 ％),Lactobacillus crispatus (70.5 ％),Lactobacillus gasseri (67.6％) and Lactobacillus jensenii (39.7％) in reproductive-age women.The content of 16s rDNA from vaginal lactobacillus was more in reproductive age women than in postmenopausal women [(87.3 ±0.8) ng/g total DNA vs.(35.1±3.6) ng / g total DNA,t=6.514,P=0.048].Conclusions Lactobacillus strains colonizing in vaginal are different between postmenopausal women and reproductive age women,and the content of the vaginal lactobacillus is reduced significantly in postmenopausal women.

Objective To investigate the effect of the eye-acupuncture therapy on serum TNF-α levels in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the related mechanism. Methods Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, sham-operated control group, ischemia-reperfusion model group and eye-acupuncture group according to body weight. Sham-operated control group, ischemia-reperfusion model group and eye-acupuncture group were divided into the 3h group, the 24h group and the 72h group, a total of 10 groups (n=8). To establish the rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by suture method in ischemia-reperfusion model group and eye-acupuncture group. Eye-acupuncture was separately started immediately after reperfusion and at 30 min before sampling in the 3h eye-acupuncture group, besides, eye-acupuncture was separately taken every 12h in the 24h eye-acupuncture group and in the 72h eye-acupuncture group. The rats in normal group were not treated, those in sham-operated control group were inserted the fishing thread 1cm, and the others were identical with those in ischemia-reperfusion model group. At 3h, 24h, 72h after reperfusion, the neurophysical behaviours were accessed by ZeaLonga neurophysical impairment marks in ischemia-reperfusion model group and eye-acupuncture group. The method of ELISA was taken to detect the change of serum TNF-α levels in rats after the eye-acupuncture therapy. Results Compared with the ischemia-reperfusion model group, the neurologic impairment score of the eye-acupuncture group decreased obviously; The levels of serum TNF-αin ischemia-reperfusion model group at 3 h, 24 h, 72 h respectively were(76.803±18.325)pg/ml、(85.511±13.334)pg/ml、(86.831±9.232)pg/ml. The level of serum TNF-α in normal group was(24.304±6.511)pg/ml. The level of serum TNF-α in Sham-operated control group at 3 h, 24 h, 72 h respectively were(24.928±3.792)pg/ml,(27.533±5.362)pg/ml,(29.366±5.874)pg/ml. Ischemia-reperfusion model group compare with normal group and sham-operated control group, the difference were significant(P＜0.01). The levels of serum TNF-α in rats after the eye-acupuncture therapy at 3 h, 24 h, 72 h respectively were(40.185±3.335)pg/ml, (48.523±7.687)pg/ml, (51.611± 6.403)pg/ml. Compared with ischemia-reperfusion model group, the levels of serum TNF-α were strongly reduced(P＜0.01). Conclusion The eye-acupuncture therapy could play a role in improving cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury evidently and the mechanism was related to its reducing serum TNF-α levels.

To promote bilingual teaching reform and explore a proper bilingual teaching mode in China,we studied the bilingual teaching of the course “Biochemistry on special subjects”.The present paper mainly designs and discusses the object of the course,teaching materials,contents and methods as well as the building of feedback and evaluation system of the course.

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular mechanism of Yangjing Zhongyu Decoction (YZD) n-butanol extracts (ZDC) and ethyl acetate extracts (YSYZ) in reducing androgen in porcine granulose cells by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

METHODSPorcine granulose cells were isolated and cultured. They were inoculated by MAPK inhibitor PD98059 at different concentrations, and then they were divided into the blank control group (0), 1, 3, 10, and 25 micromol/L groups. After 24-h culture the cytochrome P450c17a (CYP17) mRNA expression level was detected using Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Contents of androgen (testosterone) in the supernate were detected using RIA and optimal PD98059 concentration screened. After intervened by 10 micromol/L PD98059 for 24 h, the culture solution was intervened by effective ingredients of with or without YZD or YSYZ at various concentrations (0, 1 , 5, 25, 50 mg/mL) at various time points (3, 6, 18, 24 h). Expression levels of p-ERK1/2, c-Fos and CYP17 were detected by Western blot. Testosterone content in the supernate was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).

RESULTSTen pLmol/L PD98059 could obviously decrease p-ERK1/2 protein expression and increase CYP17 mRMA expression, and elevate testosterone content in the supernate (P < 0.05). ZDC and YSYZ at 25 ng/mL could increase p-ERK1/2 protein expression and c-Fos levels, and reduce CYP17 protein expression, and lower testosterone content in the supernate after 6-h intervention (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONEffective ingredients of YZD could reduce androgen production in porcine granulose cells through increasing activities of MAPK.

Androgens ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flavonoids ; Granulosa Cells ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Swine

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of p38 MAPK on ischemic postconditioning (IPO) attenuating pneumocyte apoptosis after lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI).

METHODSForty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups based upon the intervention (n = 8): control group (C), LIR group (I/R), LIR + IPO group (IPO), IPO + solution control group (D), IPO + SB203580 group (SB). Left lung tissue was isolated after the 2 hours of reperfusion, the ratio of wet lung weight to dry lung weight (W/D), and total lung water content (TLW) were measured. The histological structure of the left lung was observed under light and electron transmission microscopes, and scored by alveolar damage index of quantitative assessment (IQA). Apoptosis index (AI) of lung tissue was determined by terminal deoxynuleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end and labeling (TUNEL) method. The mRNA expression and protein levels of and Bax were measured by RT-PCR and quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC).

RESULTSCompared with C group, W/D, TLW, IQA, AI and the expression of Bax of I/R were significantly increased, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and was obviously morphological abnormality in lung tissue. Compared with I/R group, all the indexes of IPO except for the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/ Bax were obviously reduced, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax were increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). All the indexes between D and IPO were little or not significant( P > 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax of SB were significantly increased and other indexes were reduced than those of IPO (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIPO may attenuate pneumocyte apoptosis in LIRI by inactivation of p38 MAPK, up-regulating expression of Bcl-2/Bax ratio.

Alveolar Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; Lung ; blood supply ; enzymology ; pathology ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; enzymology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

After the current studies, processes and types of online book purchase recommendation system in academic library were briefly described,its major problems at present were analyzed with suggestions put forward for its optimization, including improvement of its functions, establishment of its dynamic knowledge repository, improvement of its timeliness, enforcement of its electronic resources purchase and importance attached to its performance assessment.

Objective To investigate the death of chondrocytes in rats which feed with T-2 toxin under selenium (Se) deficient conditions.Methods Thirty two healthy male SD rats were divided into two groups by weight which were normal diet group and Se deficiency diet group,16 rats in each group.Rats in normal diet group were fed with Se 101.5 μg/kg diet,and rats in Se deficiency diet group were fed with Se 1.1 μg/kg diet for 30 d.Normal diet group was divided into control group and T-2 toxin group,and Se deliciency diet group was randomly divided into Se-deficiency group and Se-deficiency plus T-2 toxin group,8 rats in each group.After that,rats in T-2 toxin and Se-deficiency plus T-2 toxin groups were administrated intragastrically with T-2 toxin (100 μg/kg) everyday for 30 d.Rats were put to death,the left knee was taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and SafraninFast green,pathological changes of rat's knee joint cartilage were observed under light microscopy,expression levels of active caspase-3 and receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3) in rat's articular cartilage cells were determined via the immunohistochemical method.The apoptosis was also detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL).Results Red ghost outlines of chondrocyte and multiple chondral cell clusters surrounded the non-cell areas in deep zone of articular cartilage of knee joint stained with hematoxylineosin were seen in Se-deficiency plus T-2 toxin group under light microscope.In the superficial zone of cartilage,the positive percent of TUNEL and active caspase-3 in Se-deficiency plus T-2 toxin group was higher than those of control group,Se-deficiency group and T-2 toxin group [(7.47-± 0.34)％ vs (4.68 ± 0.54)％,(2.67-± 0.64)％,(2.56 ±0.54)％;(4.75 ± 0.67)％ vs (1.24 ± 0.25)％,(0.00 ± 0.00)％,(0.00 ± 0.00)％,P ＜ 0.05].In the middle zone of cartilage,the positive percent of TUNEL,active caspase-3 and RIP3 in Se-deficiency plus T-2 toxin group was significantly higher than those of control group,T-2 toxin group and Se-deficiency group [(72.06 ± 6.15)％ vs (16.10 ± 3.00)％,(19.57 ± 3.49)％,(19.33 ± 5.19)％;(51.13 ± 4.18)％ vs (10.97-± 3.01)％,(15.36 ± 4.37)％,(15.23 ± 3.13)％;(25.91 ± 13.39)％ vs (1.59 ± 1.14)％,(4.32 ± 2.91)％,(7.50 ± 5.00)％,P ＜ 0.05].The positive percents of TUNEL,active caspase-3 and RIP3 were not significantly different in the deep zone (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The death of the middle zone in the rat cartilage induced by T-2 toxin under selenium deficient conditions isapoptosis and necroptosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of stem cell factor on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human deciduous dental pulp stem cells.

METHODHuman dental pulp tissues were harvested from extracted deciduous teeth and digested by collagenase and dispase. The stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) obtained were cultured in the presence of 3 or 10 µmol/L stem cell factor, and the proliferation of the cells was assessed by MTT assay. The influence of stem cell factor on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated using ALP kit. Bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin mRNA expression in the treated cells were examined by real-time PCR.

RESULTMTT assay indicated that both 3 and 10 µmol/L stem cell factor promoted the proliferation of SHED. Stem cell factor enhanced ALP activity in the SHED, and the effect was more obvious at 10 µmol/L. Treatment of the cells with stem cell factor up-regulated the mRNA expressions of bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin.

CONCLUSIONStem cell factor can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation SHED, suggesting the effect of stem cell factor in promoting tooth regeneration.

Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dental Pulp ; cytology ; Humans ; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein ; metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; Stem Cell Factor ; pharmacology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Tooth, Deciduous ; cytology