Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the severe chronic complications of diabetes,and has become an important contributing factor of end-stage renal disease and increased mortality of diabetes.DN pathogenesis is complicated,involving many factors working together.Regenerative medicine based on stem cells for the treatment of DN brings new hope.The mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improving DN development get more and more attention,in this paper,we will talk about MSCs in improving DN through paracrine effect,hope it will provide the new mentality for the treatment of DN.

Kawasaki disease (KD),an acute systemic vasculitis disease,has become one of the most common causes of acquired heart diseases in children.Coronary artery lesion(CAL) is the most important complication of KD.Clinically,the lesion degree can be classified into Ⅰ ～ Ⅴ.For pediatric patients with CAL at Ⅳ degree(giant aneurysms or multiple aneurysms in one coronary artery without stenosis)or Ⅴ degree(stenosis or obstruction shown in coronary angiography,with or without myocardial ischemia),a long-term medication therapy of a low dosage aspirin combined with warfarin or low-molecular-weight heparin is recommended.This review summarizes,the indications,the starting dose,international normalized ratio(INR),and maintenance dose.The related factors,including clinical features (like age,gender,height,weight,target INR),drug interaction,food interaction,adverse reactions and genotypes(VKORC1,CYP2C9)are also considered in warfarin treatment of KD with coronary aneurysms.Multicenter RCTs with high quality and large sample size are required in order to provide advice for reasonable,effective,and safe application as well as to achieve precision medicine.

Objective:To analyze the recent studies worldwide on Alzheimer's diseases(1996 to 2005)from a bibliometric perspective.Methods:Articles were searched from SCI(Science Citation Index),Medline and ESI(Essential Science Indicators) databases using"Alzheimer*"as the keyword.Thomson Data Analyzer and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results:Alzheimer's diseases related researches had an increasing tendency during 1996 to 2005,and the increase was obviously accelerated during 2002-2005.The US-led developed countries were in the leading position in the research of Alzheimer's dis- ease.Currently the research on Alzheimer's diseases was mainly around the amyloid hypothesis,focusing on heta-amyloid fi- brils,Alzheimer's disease diagnosis,the relationship between Alzheimer disease and cardiovascular diseases,and so on.Conclu- sion:More studies on Alzheimer's disease are expected in the future and more articles will be published on the fields,the stud- ies will be largely based on the research of beta-amyloid fibrils.

Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is defined as endometrial tissue superficial to the peritoneum. Many cases of AWE are associated with cesarean section scars. Thus, AWE is often misdiagnosed as a hernia or hematoma. The most common presentation of AWE is the development of a painful mass after uterine surgery. Many patients with AWE are associated with a previous surgical incision. Careful history and physical examination is essential to make correct diagnosis. Studies such as ultrasound, CT, MRI, and FNA are helpful. Medical treatment of AWEs is usually unsuccessful. Therefore, surgical treatment should be offered to every patient and the results usually are excellent. We performed a review of published literatures to demonstrate the pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of patients having AWE.

Objective To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of ovarian endometriosis and malignant cases, and to improve our recognition of this disease. Methods A total of 1 289 cases of ovarian endometriosis were divided into two groups: the benign group (1 275 cases)and the malignant group (14 cases). They were analyzed on: dysmenorrhea, infertility, features of ultrasound examination,site of tumour,pathological types and complications. Results Malignancy arising from ovarian endometriosis was 1.09%. As far as degree of dysmenorrhea, size of cyst >10 cm, CA125 >500 U/L, features of ultrasound were concerned, difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusions In the present study, the malignant rate of ovarian endometriosis was about 1%. Malignancy should be considered seriously when the following situations occured: change in the degree of dysmenorrhea, size of cyst larger than 10 cm, CA125 higher than 500 U/L, mamilla observed by ultrasound examination.

Objective To study the level of serum gangliosides ( GM1 and GM3) in patients with gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Methods The ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbnent Assay, ELISA) method was used to detect GM1 and GM3 content in 40 patients with gastric cancer, and healthy controls. The results were analyzed with statistic software. Results The levels of serum GLS of gastric cancer group were significantly higher than that in healthy group and those in healthy subjects [(815.53±75.56)ng/ml vs (88. 88±32. 73)ng/ml;(765. 92 ±61.09)ng/ml vs (28.03±9.64) ng/ml, P <0.01 ] , patients with gastric cancer after chemotherapy and surgery group, and serum GLS was different between the healthy group and those in healthy subjects, patients with liver cancer after chemotherapy and surgery group. There was positive correlation between GM1 and GM3( r =0. 24, P <0.05).Conclusion Serum GLS of the patients with gastric cancer increased remarkably. Combined detection of serum gangliosides content in gastric cancer will be helpful to diagnosis of gastric cancer,disease progress prediction,and relapse prediction of this disease.

Colorectal carcinoma ( CRC ) is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the world.The invasion and metastasis of CRC are the major reasons for treatment failure and death .It was believed that CXCR 4 was the exclusive receptor for CXCL12.However, recent studies have identified CXCR7 as a second receptor for CXCL12.Both chemokine ax-es of CXCL12/CXCR4 and CXCL12/CXCR7 closely correlate with the proliferation , migration, adhesion of tumor cells and the forma-tion of tumor-associated vessels in CRC , which may become new significant targets for anti-cancer and anti-metastatic treatment of CRC.

5cm and with metastasis of lymph nodes than that in the ones of well-or(mild-differentiation),filtration of only muscular layer by cancer cells,maximal diameter of mass

Objective To investigate the extraction technique for atractylenolide Ⅰ in Atractylodes macrocephala by supercritical CO_2 fluid extraction and develop a method used for determining the content of atractylenolide Ⅰ in the extract by HPLC. Methods The effects of seven facters, such as the extracting pressure, resolving pressure etc, to the extraction rate of atractylenolide Ⅰ in A. macrocephala by supercritical CO_2 extraction were investigated. RP-HPLC was used to determine the content of atractylenolide Ⅰ in extraction of A. macrocephala. The separation was performed on Hypersil ODS2 column with methanol-water (70∶30) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the wavelength of UV detector was 220 nm. Results The optimal extracting conditions: taking 10% alcohol as entraiter, the particle size of medicinal substances was 60 screen meshes, extracting pressure 25 MPa, resolving pressure 5 MPa, extracting temperature 40 ℃, resolving temperature 30 ℃, and the extracting time 4 h. Conclusion Supercritical extraction is time-shorter and efficient in extracting atractylenolide Ⅰ from A. macrocephala. It is suitable to both trial and industrialized production. The method established to determine the content of atractylenolide Ⅰ of A. macrocephala by supercritical extraction is simple, sensitive, and reliable.

The circulation process of Chinese materia medica involves a series of links from planting to marketing. Unqualified problems of Chinese materia medica are common in each link of the process of circulation, which seriously harm public health and the further development of Chinese materia medica market. Therefore, the relevant government departments have paid high attention to quality safety of Chinese materia medica and issued many policies. This article sorted out the policies of quality safety control of Chinese materia medica in circulation, analysed the existing problems, and proposed the corresponding suggestions, with a purpose to provide valuable references for government departments to further improve the quality of Chinese materia medica.