Carcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Humans ; Neck Dissection ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the sorts and quantities of air fungi in air and its change in every month in the west of Luzhou City. Methods The experiment glass slice was exposed every day and the experiment container was exposed every month in one year so as to investigate air fungi in Luzhou Library Building in the west of Luzhou City. The fungi were separated and cultured, the specimens of fungi were pressed on glass slice timely, dyed with methyl blue and identified. Results 365 experiment glass slices were exposed every day in one year. 24 139 fungi spores were checked and 23 582 were identified. They belonged to 24 species. The air fungi spores in the experiment glass slice according to their quantity were Alternaria(30.61%), Ustilaginales(23.90%), Epicoccum(18.71%), Hormodendrum(13.91%). The air fungi in the experiment container according to their quantity were Saccharomyces(50.20%), Aspergillus(12.46%), Penicillium(10.77%), Hormodendrum(9.29%) and so on. There were a lot of air fungi in the west Luzhou City all the year round. The air fungi quantity was high during May to September in a year. Conclusion A lot of fungi wave to and fro in air in the west of Luzhou City all the year round. The quantity of air fungi changes as the season goes on and it is high during May to September. The main fungi are Alternaria, Ustilaginales, Epicoccum, Hormaodendrum and so on.

Through literature review,Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process,the construction and implementation of evaluation system on researchers' performance is in accordance with characteristics and practical requirements of Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute,19 key indicators,which fall into 3 categories of work aptitude,work behavior,and work effectiveness,were set up as the basic structure,and upon wich the development and implementation of performance evaluation system is based and possible effects and results were discussed.

Objective: To study the identification between the Amomum villosum hybrid offspring and the female parent by useing the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Methods: Using the FTIR to determine the infrared spectra of A.villosum hybrid offspring and female parent. Switching and processing the atlas with derivative spectrometry and Fourier self-deconvolution, to contrast for the characteristic differences in absorbance of them. Results: There were no significant differences between the A. villosum hybrid offspring and female parent by using FTIR. But 1 051.014 cm-1 was found to be the most obvious in the fourth-derivative spectrum, 771.563 4 and 1 612.432 5 cm -1 to be the most obvious in the Fourier self-deconvolution spectra. Conclusion: There are obvious differences between the A. villosum hybrid offspring and female parent in the derivative spectrometry and Fourier self-deconvolution spectroscopy atlas. Therefore, this method can be used to identify the A.villosum hybrid offspring and female parent simply, rapidly, and accurately.

Objective: To establish the quality standard for Tiaolitongbao I capsules.Methods: The components including Astragalus , Atractylodes, Finger citron and Radix aucklandiae were identified by TLC.Emodin, the effective component of Polygonum cuspidatum , was determined by HPLC.Results: The characteristic spots in TLC were clear without any interference.The linear range of emodin was 4.25-68.00 μg·ml-1 (r =0.999 9).The average recovery was 95.22% ,and RSD was 1.47% (n =6).Conclusion: The methods used for the identification and quantification are sensitive, simple and accurate, which can be used for the quality control of Tiaolitongbao I capsules.

Objective To investigate the correlation between ultrasonographie classification, age and lesion in female. Methods One thousand two hundred and eight patients with 2416 mammary gland were comfired by pathologic findings, including 132 benign lesion and 54 malignancy lesion. According various sonographic appearances in the mammary gland structure and involution grade, the mammary glonds were classified into glandular,fibroglandular and fatty types. A single mammary gland is statistic unit. Results To follow age growth, the proportion of glandular type was decrease, 61.7% in under 30 years of age,31.5% in 30-39 years of age,15.3% in 40-49 years of age,8.6% in 50-59 years of age,4.5 in over 60 years of age. To follow age growth, the proportion of fatty type was higher, 1.6 % in under 30 years of age, 5.80% in 30-39 years of age,5.5% in 40-49 years of age,10.8% in 50-59 years of age,38.6% in over 60 years of age. Before 60 years of age, to follow age growth, the proportion of fibroglandular type was higher, which achieved the peak value (79.2%) in 40-49 years and last to 50-59 years of age (80.6%) ,but it was decrease to 56.9% after 60 years of age. There was significant difference of the proportion in any age(P=0.000).The proportion of the benign lesion no difference in three categories. The proportion of malignancy lesion (6.23%, 16/257 mammary gland)in fatty type was higher than that in fibroglandular type (2.18%,37/1698 mammary gland) which was significant difference(P=0.000). There was no malignancy lesion in glandular type. Conclusions Significant correlation were present between uhrasonographic classification, age and malignancy lesion, no significant correlation were found between uhrasonographic classification, age and benign lesion.

PurposeTo analyze the sonographic and the histological features of special types of breast malignant tumors in order to explore preoperative ultrasound diagnosis. Materials and Methods Seven cases of special types of breast malignant tumors confirmed by pathology were retrospectively investigated by ultrasound. The sonographic and histological features of the lesions were reviewed. The ultrasonogram manifestations of the breast anatomy and the lesions were observed and recorded.Results Among 7 cases, there were 2 cases of papillary carcinoma, 3 cases of mucinous carcinoma, and 2 cases of lymphoma. Microscopically, the papillary carcinoma had clear boundaries with infringing mesenchyme, and the tissues were papillary and dense. The mucinous carcinoma had cancer cells floated in mucus lake. The primary breast lymphoma was diffused large B-cell type with focal lesion. For sonography type of breast, there were 3 cases of fatty types, 1 case of fibroglandular-1 and 3 cases of fibroglandular-2. The papillary carcinoma was hypoechoic in 2 cases, one of them was expansive growth with large size. Two cases of mucinous carcinoma were hypoechoic without accompanying sound attenuation in 1 case and with accompanying acoustic shadow due to calcification in the other case. Lymphoma was apparent anechoic and cystoid.Conclusion Special types of breast malignancies have different sonographic features and histological features from the common invasive ductal carcinoma. It has high clinical significance to enhance the understanding of rare malignant breast tumors.

Objective: To establish a dissolution determing method for the two primary ingredients atenolol and nifedipine in YakepingⅡcapsules. Methods:A small glass method was adopted with the rotation rate of 50 r·min-1 . According to the dissolution conditions in Japan “quality of medical drugs information set” with appropriate adjustments in accordance with the actual situation of the samples, different YakepingⅡ capsules were determined by HPLC respectively in pH 1. 2 artificial gastric solution ( containing 0. 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate), pH 4. 0 acetate buffer(containing 0. 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate), pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer(contai-ning 0. 25% sodium dodecyl sulfate) and water(containing 0. 25% sodium dodecyl sulfate). Results:The assay displayed a good lin-earity over the concentration range of 10-30 μg·ml-1 for atenolol and nifedipine(r=0. 999 6 and r=0. 999 8), and the recovery of the two components in the different medium was 99. 64%(RSD=0. 73%), 99. 55%(RSD=0. 65%), 99. 53%(RSD=0. 47%)and 99.54% (RSD=0.51%), 99.52%(RSD=0.67%), 99.52%(RSD=0.72%), 99.51%(RSD=0.63%)and 99.61%(RSD=0. 59%)(n=9). The dissolution of different batches of YakepingⅡcapsules in the four media showed the similar behavior. Conclu-sion:The method is simple, accurate and reproducible in the dissolution determination of atenolol and nifedipine in YakepingⅡ cap-sules.

Objective To explore the effect of chromofungin (CHR), a chromogranin A (CGA) derived peptide CGA47-66, on hyper-permeability of blood brain barrier in septic mice. Methods 120 healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into groups, with 12 mice in each group. Seventy-two mice were used for dynamic observation of the contents of water and Evan blue (EB) in brain tissue after being treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Another 48 mice were divided into normal saline control group (NS group), LPS induced sepsis model group (LPS group), low-dose CHR pretreatment group (CL+LPS group), and high-dose CHR pretreatment group (CH+LPS group). The septic model was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg LPS 0.1 mL, and the mice in NS group was given equal volume of normal saline. The mice in CL+LPS group and CH+LPS group were intraperitoneally injected with 15.5 μg/kg and 77.5 μg/kg CHR 10 minutes before LPS injection. Six hours after LPS injection, 4 mL/kg of 2% EB was injected via caudal vein, the contents of water and EB in brain tissue were determined, and EB immune fluorescence in brain tissue was determined to assess the changes in permeability of blood brain barrier. Brain pathology was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Results With the extension of time after LPS injection, the contents of water and EB in brain tissue were gradually increased, and the time of difference with statistical significance appeared earlier when compared with that of control group in the contents of water than that in EB contents (3 hours and 6 hours, respectively). The contents of water and EB in brain tissue in LPS group were significantly increased as compared with NS group [water content: (79.77±0.62)% vs. (78.28±0.44)%, P < 0.01; EB content (μg/g): 13.87±4.50 vs. 7.13±1.76, P < 0.05]. CHR pretreatment with either of two dosages could reverse the increase in water and EB contents in brain tissue induced by LPS, and the effect was more significant in CH+LPS group [water content: (78.15±0.73)% vs. (79.77±0.62)%, EB (μg/g): 7.09±2.59 vs. 13.87±4.50, both P < 0.05]. It was shown by EB fluorescence observation that the fluorescence signal displayed only in the meninges in NS group, and EB fluorescence was widely distributed in brain parenchyma in LPS group, indicating that the EB leakage in LPS group was more marked than that of NS group. In CHR pretreatment groups, EB fluorescence was decreased in brain parenchyma, indicating that EB leakage was significantly less marked, while it was more obvious in high dose CHR group. It was shown by HE staining that cerebral blood vessel structure was intact in NS group, and the gap around blood vessel was not significant increased. On the other hand, brain structure in LPS group appeared loose, with widening of small perivascular spaces and obvious edema. Brain edema in CHR pretreatment groups was improved as compared with that of the LPS group, and it was more apparent in high dose CHR group. Conclusions LPS induced change in blood brain barrier permeability in mice in a time-dependent manner. Exogenous CGA derived peptides CHR can inhibit LPS induced hyper-permeability of blood brain barrier in septic mice, thus reduces brain edema, protects the brain tissue, and the effect is more obvious with a high dose of CHR (77.5 μg/kg).

Based on the ongoing clinical experiences at our outpatient pharmacy and geriatrics multidisciplinary inpatient and outpatient services,we believe that polypharmacy among elderly patients is serious and pervasive in China.This observation is supported by the findings from literature review.To help address this serious issue in senior care,we recommend to gain better understanding of age-related physiological changes of the elderly as well as those in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics,and to conduct prescription review and medication reconciliation.The multi-and interdisciplinary approach employed by modern geriatrics care model,involving doctors,pharmacists and nurses,should further help address this issue and promote rational use of pharmaceuticals in the elderly patients.