Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of surfactant protein C(SP-C)gene and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)in the Han nationality newborns in Inner Mongolia and whether there is a mutation occurs on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.Methods One hundred newborns with RDS(case group)and 100 newborns without RDS(control group)were selected.PCR gene analysis was used to establish the genotype and allele frequencies of exon 4 (T138N)and 5 (S186N)on SP-C.Results In the Han nationality newborns of Inner Mongolia region,there was no mutation on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.Exon 4(T138N)on SP-C could be checked out three genotypes:namely AA,AC and CC.The genetic polymorphisms of exon 4 on SP-C were not statistically different between the case group and the control group(χ2 ﹦0.744,P ﹦0.689).Besides,exon 5(S186N)on SP-C could also be checked out three genotypes:namely AA,AG and GG.The genetic polymorphisms of exon 5 on SP-C were also not statistically different between the case group and the control group(χ2 ﹦0.770,P ﹦0.681 ).Conclusion There is no mutation on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.The genetic polymorphism of exon 4 and 5 on SP-C displays no signifi-cant correlation with RDS of the Han nationality newborns in Inner Mongolia.

Objective To investigate the resistant mechanism of Streptococcus pyogenes to ciprofloxacin and its homology.Methods Forty-eight isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes were collected from patients diagnosed with scarflet fever in districts of Beijing in March,2012 and MIC to ciprofloxacin and other 7 common antibiotics in clinic were detected by using blood M-H agar dilution method.Thirteen isolates,which have MICs≥4 mg/L against ciprofloxacin,were detected for mutations of Fluoroquinolone resistance genes gyrA,gyrB,parC,parE.At the same time,4 isolates,with MIC ≤ 0.25 mg/L against ciprofloxacin,were used for comparison.Homology analysis of 17 isolates from different areas of Beijing was performed by using the method of pulsed field gel electrophoresis.Results Sensitive rates of Streptococcus pyogenes to levofloxacin,ampicillin and penicillin were all 100％.The resistance rates to tetracycline,erythromycin and clindamycin were 91.7％ (44/48),91.7％ (44/48) and 89.6％ (43/48),respectively.MIC50 of ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was 2 mg/L,1 mg/L and ≤ 0.25 mg/L,respectively ; MIC90 was 4 mg/L,2 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L,respectively.Of the 48 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes,12 isolates showed the MIC at 4 mg/L,while one isolate has a MIC against ciprofloxacin at 8 mg/L,which isolated from Chaoyang district.Analysis of sequence of chromosome mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes in those 13 ciprofloxacin non-susceptible isolates exhibited that there were 12 isolates that harbored Ser79Phe/Tyr mutation and 10 isolates harbored Ala121Val in parC gene.It is shown that one isolate contained Ser79Phe mutation in parC gene in the occurring of Ser371Leu mutation in parE gene for the first time,but there was no marked increase in ciprofloxacin MIC (MIC =4 mg/L).There were no mutations in gyrA and gyrB genes.The PFGE results demonstrated that the 17 tested isolates could be divided into 7 clones.The clone A isolates from Chaoyang,Daxing,Fengtai,Shunyi and Shijingshan district have a MIC ≥ 4 mg/L against ciprofloxacin,which covered 69.2％ of all MIC ≥4 mg/L isolates.The clone C isolates from Huairou district were MIC ≥4 mg/L isolates.B,D,E,F and G clones isolates come from different districts.Conclusions The mutation of parC gene was the main reason that contribute to the slightly increase of ciprofloxacin MIC in Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from Beijing.The PFGE analysis showed that there was a small scale prevalence caused by the infection of Streptococcus pyogenes in some districts.

AIM:To assess the protective role of melatonin(MEL)in a rat model of oleic-induced acute lung injury.METHODS:Twenty-four rats were randomly allocated to three groups as follows:saline(NS)injection group,oleic acid(OA)injection group and MEL plus OA injection group,the lavage protein,lung wet-to-dry weight ratio,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and lung histopathology were examined.RESULTS:(1)Injection 0.15 mL/kg of OA led to a severe acute lung injury(ALI),characterized by significantly increasing in lavage protein,lung coefficient(P＜0.01),and by histopathological alterations which presented hemorrhage,edema.thickened alveolar septum and the existence of inflammatory cells in alveolar spaces;(2)Infusion of MEL(20 mg/kg,intraperitoneally for 60 min before the oleic acid)markedly alleviated above-mentioned symptom induced by OA,consistent with decrease of MDA level(P＜0.01) and the increase of SOD activty(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Pre-treatment with MEL can attenuate the OA -induced ALI in rats via cleaning and preventing the formation of free radicals and further lessening the increase of alveolocapillary membrane permeability,these data suggest that MEL may be effective in the prevention of ALI.

Objective To investigate the molecular types of carbapenem-non-susceptible Esche-richia coli ( E.coli) isolates and their mechanism of carbapenem resistance .Methods Twenty-two carbap-enem-non-susceptible E.coli strains were isolated from 3 hospitals in Hangzhou from 2007 to 2011.The mini-mum inhibitory concentrations ( MICs) of antimicrobials to those isolates were determined by agar dilution method and E-test.The molecular mechanisms of carbapenem resistance of E.coli isolates were analyzed by conjugation experiment,PCR and DNA sequencing.Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE),multilocus se-quence typing ( MLST ) , and phylogenetic typing were performed to analyze the molecular epidemiology of those isolates.Results The MICs of imipenem and meropenem to 22 E.coli isolates were ranged from 1 μg/ml to 16 μg/ml,and the MICs of ertapenem were 2 μg/ml to 64 μg/ml.All E.coli isolates produced the KPC-2 carbapenemase and various β-lactamases , and some of them also produced plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes.Carbapenem resistance was transferred by conjugation and transformation from 22 E.coli iso-lates to E.coli EC600 strains.The E.coli transconjugants or transformants acquired the blaKPC-2 gene and showed similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns in comparison with donor strains .Only a few isolates were in-distinguishable or closely related as indicated by PFGE .Four sequence types including ST131 (9 isolates), ST648 (5 isolates),ST38 (2 isolates) and ST405 (2 isolates) were identified by MLST.Phylogenetic analy-sis indicated that 9 ST131 isolates belonged to phylogenetic group B 2 and the other isolates belonged to group D (11 isolates),group B1 (1 isolate) and group A (1 isolate),respectively.Conclusion The sequence type of prevalent E.coli isolates producing KPC-2 from Hangzhou was ST131,which is an international epi-demic,multidrug-resistant clone,followed by ST648.

Objective Because of the major trauma from thoracotomy , postoperative pain may arouse patients'psychological and physiological stress response and hence affected the treatment outcome and functional recovery seriously .We retrospectively studied the correlation between the staging of pain and nursing interference to investigate the effect of nursing interference on the pain intensity after thoracic surgery . Methods Five hundred and eighty cases of patients surviving thoracotomy between December 2013 and March 2014 in Nanjing Jingling Hospital were reviewed .Correlations between comfortable nursing measures such as effective analgesia , postural care , catheter care , environmental interventions , psychological intervention and the standard assessment of pain were analysed according to postoperative pain stage . Results With comprehensive nursing interference , the highest pain score occurred in the first 24 hour (2.89 ±0.39).The score was reduced gradually to 2.25 ±0.90 in stage Ⅱ, 1.58 ±0.57 in stage Ⅲ and 1.06 ±0.24 in stage Ⅳrespectively . Conclusion Comprehensive nursing interference according to pain staging may relieve pain effectively after thoracotomy .

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of RNA interference(RNAi)on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)gene and invasiveness and adhesion of ovarian cancer cells.Methods Four groups of different specific target sequence in coding region of MMP-9 and one non- specific sequence were chosen,which were Sitel,Site2,Site3,Site4 and Site5.Small interference RNA (siRNA)expression cassettes(SEC)were constructed by PCR and transfected into ovarian cancer HO- 8910PM cells.RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of MMP-9 gene; the abilities of invasion and adhesion were detected by Matrigel invasion assay and cell adhesion assay. Results The expression of MMP-9 was inhibited and the inhibitory effects of different sequence were varied.The mRNA expression was 0.64?0.06,0.47?0.07,0.55?0.10 in Sitel,Site2,Site3 group, and protein expression was 0.30?0.09,0.27?0.08,0.37?0.12,respectively.Site2 group had the most efficient inhibitory effect,followed by Sitel and Site3 groups.Cell growth curve revealed that cell growth was significantly inhibited in Site2 group.Invasiveness and adhesion were significantly reduced,the inhibitory rate on invasion in Site1,Site2,Site3 groups were 50.0%,50.0% and 37.5%,respectively;the inhibitory rate on adhesion in Site1,Site2,Site3,Site4 groups were 43.8%,48.8%,33.9%,24.2% at 60 min and 41.6%,40.2%,35.1%,16.0% at 90 min,respectively.Conclusions RNAi exists in ovarian HO-8910PM cells.MMP-9 siRNA can specifically down-regulate MMP-9 expression and lead to the inhibition of invasiveness and adhesion in ovarian cancer cells.

Objective To discuss the effect of homemade oxygen gasbag on ICU patients with scrotal edema.Methods Seventy-two ICU patients with scrotal edema,in which 60 cases had erythema,peeling and seepage,were chosen and divided into the observation group and the control group,each with 36 cases.The observation group received treatment of air inflation by oxygen gasbag while the control group received treatment of infrared radiation and hydropathic compress of 33％ MgSO4.Both groups also received active treatment of primary disease,nutrition improvement,hypoalbuminemia rectifying,pain control and anxiety relief.Effects of two groups were compared.Results Effect on scrotal edema patients was better in the observation group than in the control group.There were 26 cases (72.7％) who had excellent effects,9 cases (25.0％) who had effects and 1 case (2.7％) who had no effect in the observation group,and there were 19 cases (52.7％) who had excellent effects,8 cases (22.2％) who had effects and 9 cases (25.0％) who had no effect in the control group.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =7548,P =0.023).The effect on patients with scrotal edema,erythema,peeling and seepage was also better in the observation group than in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.977,P =0.007).Conclusions Homemade oxygen gasbag is a safe,effective,simple,economical and comfortable way to treat scrotal edema,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of body acupuncture combined with FANG's scalp acupuncture in treating limb dysfunction in the remission stage of stroke and explore the mechanism. Methods:Sixty patients in the remission stage of stroke with limb dysfunction were divided into a control group and a treatment group using the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with ordinary acupuncture based on the conventional rehabilitation treatment,and the treatment group was additionally offered FANG's scalp acupuncture.The interventions were conducted once daily with 10 sessions as 1 course.The Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA)and Barthel index(BI)scores and serum malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels were compared after 2 treatment courses,and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results:After treatment,the FMA and BI scores increased in both groups(P<0.05)and were higher in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05).Both groups showed a decreased MDA level and an increased SOD level after the intervention,all showing statistical significance(P<0.05);there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion:Based on the conventional rehabilitation treatment,ordinary acupuncture used alone or in combination with FANG's scalp acupuncture can lower the oxidative stress level and improve limb function in treating limb dysfunction in the remission stage of stroke;body acupuncture plus FANG's scalp acupuncture can produce better results.

OBJECTIVETo develop a novel non-viral gene delivery vector CY11-PEI-beta-CyD and to test its gene transfection efficiency.

METHODSCY11 (CGMQLPLATWY) was conjugated to polyethylenimine-beta-cyclodextrin to form CY11-PEI-beta-CyD with a cross-linker [N-succinimidy-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate, SPDP]. (1)H-NMR and TGA were used to confirm the structure of vector. The DNA condensing ability of CY11-PEI-beta-CyD was investigated by gel retardation assay. Cytotoxicity of CY11-PEI-beta-CyD was determined by MTT assay and transfection efficiency was investigated in COS-7, Hela and B16 cells.

RESULTCY11 was conjugated onto PEI-beta-CyD successfully, confirmed by(1)H NMR and TGA. The novel vector effectively condensed DNA at N/P ratio of 4îIt showed low cytotoxicity up to the concentration was 160 Mgr;g/ml. The transfection efficiency was 17-fold higher than that of PEI 25 kDa at N/P ratio of 20.

CONCLUSIONThe novel vector CY11 -PEI-beta-CyD with low cytotoxic and high transfection efficiency may be used as a potential carrier for gene delivery.

Cell Line ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments ; chemistry ; Polyethyleneimine ; chemistry ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; chemistry ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the advantages, disadvantages and their indications of total nasal reconstruction with different techniques.

METHODSA series of total nasal reconstruction were treated with four methods from 1975 to 2003. These methods were tubed flap of arm,midline forehead flap with skin graft, midline forehead flap with bilateral frontotemporal flaps for repairing the donor site, and expanded forehead flap.

RESULTSAll of the patients were treated successfully. The shape and function of the reconstructed noses were satisfactory. However, the traditional forehead flap with skin graft may leave a unsightly big and black scar on the forehead. The technique of the tubed flap of arm could provide enough tissue without remaining forehead scar and be easily shaped, but it required long period, multiple procedures and body fixation for three weeks.

CONCLUSIONSMidline forehead flap with bilateral frontotemporal flaps for repairing the donor site may be good for small nose reconstruction while expanded forehead flap could reconstruct a big nose. Tubed flap of arm may be used to the patients who do not wish to leave any scar on the forehead. Forehead flap with skin graft to repair the donor sit- should generally be avoided for nose reconstruction.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose ; surgery ; transplantation ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome