ABSTRACT:OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of iridoid glycoside extract from Corni Fructus(ECO)on glucose consump-tion and isoproterenol (ISO)-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes and possible mechanism.METHODS Glucose consumption of mature adipocytes intervened by ECO for 24 h was detected in GOP-POD method.After 2 d of ECO interven-tion,colorimetric method was used to evaluate the release amount of glycerol from 30 min ISO-induced lipolysis.The expres-sion of AMPK,GLUT4 and HSL mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR and phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ACC were evaluated by immunoblot.RESULTS In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes,1 g/L ECO intervention increased glucose consumption and reduced the glycerol release amout from lipolysis induced by ISO with different concentrations.0.2 g/L and 0.04 g/L ECO decreased 100 nmol/L ISO-induced lipolysis.After 2 d intervention,ECO upregulated the levels of AMPK and GLUT4 mRNA and decreased the gene expression of HSL.1 g/L ECO promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC.CONCLUSION ECO can increase glucose consumption and inhibited ISO-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes and the effects might be related to AMPK regulation.

Adenoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Adenovirus Infections, Human ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo optimize the formula of Glycyrrhiza flavonoid and ferulic acid cream and set up its quality control parameters.

METHODReflect-line orthogonal simplex method was used to optimize the main factors such as amount of Myrj52-glyceryl monostearate and dimethicone, based on the appearance, spreadability and stability of the cream.

RESULT9.0% Myrj52-glyceryl monostearate (3:2) and 2.5% dimethicone were chosen in prescription. The prepared cream presented a good stability after being placed 24 h at 5 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C respectively,and its spreadability suited with the property of semi-fluid cream.

CONCLUSION[corrected] The formula of Glycyrrhiza flavonoid and ferulic acid cream is suitable, and its quality is stable. The reflect-line orthogonal simplex method is suitable for the formula optimization of cream.

Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Aconiti Radix Cocta and Pinelliae Rhizoma with different matching proportions and doses on their analgic, anti-inflammatory, phlegm eliminating and cough relieving efficacies in mice.

METHODThe two-factor, seven-level uniform design method was adopted to observe the effect of the oral administration with the combined decoction on the analgic, anti-inflammatory, phlegm eliminating and cough relieving efficacies, with frequency of body torsions induced by acetum, ear swelling degree induced by dimethylbenzene, secretion of phenol red in tracheas and frequency of coughs induced by aqueous ammonia as indexes. Significant matching proportions and doses were collected for verification.

RESULT(1) The effect on the frequency of body torsions and ear swelling degree. The combined decoction could effectively reduce the frequency of body torsions and ear swelling degree. According to a regression analysis, Aconiti Radix Cocta and Pinelliae Rhizoma had the antagonism, which was maximized at the ratio of 10: 1, and minimized at the ratio of less than or equal to 1: 1. The frequency of body torsions and ear swelling degree increased first and then decreased along with the rise in the total dose; and a higher proportion of Aconiti Radix Cocta resulted in a faster speed in decrease or increase. (2) The effect on the secretion of phenol red in tracheas and frequency of coughs. The combined decoction could effectively increase the secretion of phenol red in tracheas and decrease the frequency of coughs. According to a regression analysis, Pinelliae Rhizoma and Aconiti Radix Cocta had the synergistic effect in the secretion of phenol red in tracheas, which was maximized with a total dose of more than 5 g x kg(-1) and a ratio of 1: 1.

CONCLUSIONThe compatible application of Pinelliae Rhizoma and Aconiti Radix Cocta can decrease the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Aconiti Radix Cocta and promote the cough-relieving effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma, which vary according to different matching ratio and dose. This study provides experimental basis for indepth studies on the combined effect of Aconiti Radix Cocta and Pinelliae Rhizoma--two of eighteen incompatible pairs.

Aconitum ; Animals ; Cough ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pinellia ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Research Design

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the biological characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) cultured on different culture media and their expression abundance of outer membrane proteins (OMPs).

METHODSCJ was cultured on the improved Bull's medium yolk agar, improved Bull's blood agar or improved Bull's agar for 48 h. The biological characteristics of the bacteria, including the colony feature, morphology, motility, biochemistry, and results of indirect fluorescence test were observed and compared. OMP of the cultured CJ was extracted using 0.2 mol/L and glycine-hydrochloride buffered solution (pH 2.2) and identified by SDS-PAGE to compare the expression abundance of the OMPs with molecular weight of 28-31 kD.

RESULTSCJ exhibited typical biological characteristics with larger cell body and more rapid growth on improved Bull's medium yolk agar than those on improved Bull's blood agar and improved Bull's agar. The bacteria grown on improved Bull's medium yolk agar showed also greater expression abundance of the OMPs with molecule mass between 28 kD and 31 kD.

CONCLUSIONImproved Bull's medium yolk agar allows rapid growth of CJ with typical biological characteristics and enhanced expression of the OMPs with molecular weight of 28 -31 kD, and can be widely used in CJ subunit vaccine development, CJ epidemiological survey, CJ food safety examination, and CJ quarantine.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Campylobacter jejuni ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Culture Media

Objective To explore the effect of Shengmai Solvent on myocardial fibrosis in rat model of diabetic cardiomypathy . Methods Wistar rats of 72 were randomly divided into 6 groups, including control group , model group , prevetion group , low -dose , mid-dose and high -doses of test groups. Shengmai Solvent was administered via gavage. Prevetion group ( Shengmai Solvent , 12 mL? kg -1 ) was administered at the beginning . Low -dose ( 3 mL? kg -1 ) , mid -dose ( 6 mL ? kg -1 ) and high -dose ( 12 mL? kg -1 ) groups were administered with Shengmai Solvent at 5th week. All groups except control group were fed on high -cholestrerol diet for 4 weeks with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin ( 35 mg? kg -1 ) . One week later , blood glucose is checked , and those with two consecu-tive blood glucose ≥16.7 mmol? L-1 .The blood glucose , lipid were detected at 15 th weeks after administration .The rats were sacrificed for determination of heart wet weight . Cardiac collagen was detected by RT-PCR.Results Compared with model group , the heart weight /body ratio were significantly decreased in the Shengmai groups .The level of HDL and ApoAI /ApoB were significantly increased in Shengmai groups.The level of LDL in prevetion group was decreased significantly .Conclusion These results indicate that the mechanism of Shengmai reduced the progression of DCM might be related to alteration of lipid metabolism .

Objective·To analyze the basic medical insurance policies for children in Shanghai in 2011 and 2017, and compare with those of the other three municipalities to understand the basic medical security status of children in four municipalities in China and analyze the existing problems. Methods?·?The current effective children's basic medical insurance policies and child critical illness insurance policies and related insurance systems in four municipalities were collected systematically. The types of basic medical insurance for children in various municipalities and their funding standards, their own expenses and the proportion of government subsidies, the proportion of outpatient emergency payoff lines and reimbursement at all levels of medical institutions, and the coverage and coverage of major illness insurance reimbursement were collected and compared mainly. Results?·?The basic medical insurance for children in Shanghai is a "double insurance" system, which contained children's hospitalization fund and basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents. The basic medical insurance for children in other municipalities mainly consisted of basic medical insurance for urban (rural) residents. Compared with 2011, the level of financing and the reimbursement of the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents and of the children's hospitalization fund in Shanghai in 2017 was increased. In 2017, the level of financing of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Shanghai was 1?100 yuan, which was slightly lower than that of Beijing medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical insurance and was higher than that of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Tianjin and Chongqing, and the individual payment level of Shanghai was the lowest. The hospitalization payoff lines in Shanghai were lower than those of other municipalities. Shanghai's outpatient and inpatient reimbursement levels were higher those of than other municipalities. There wasn't a capping line in Shanghai. There were capping lines in other municipalities. There was a great difference in the insurance policy of the major diseases in four municipalities. Conclusion?·?According to their own actual conditions, models for children's medical care systems that suited each municipalities’ social and economic development have been established. Shanghai children's basic medical insurance basically meets the needs of children's growth but needs improvement in terms of the type and level of medical security for major illnesses.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of insulin glargine injection combined with glimepiride tablets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Forty-five patients with T2DM were randomly divided into control group (n =22 cases) and treatment group (n =23 cases).Control group was given insulin glargine with the starting dose of 0.2 U · kg-1,qd,subcutaneous injection.Treatment group was given glimepiride 2-4 mg,qd,orally,on the basis of the control group.Two groups were treated for 12 weeks.The blood glucose compliance rates and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results At 4,8,12 weeks after treatment,the blood glucose compliance rates in treatment group were 91.30％ (21 cases/23 cases),100.00％ (23 cases/23 cases) and 100.00％ (23 cases/23 cases),which in control group were 54.54％ (12 cases/22 cases),72.72％ (16 cases/22 cases) and 81.81％ (18 cases/22 cases),the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were palpitation,which in control group were dizziness,palpitation,discomfort and sweating.The incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment and control groups were 4.35％ and 31.82％ with significant difference (P ＜ O.05).Conclusion Insulin glargine injection combined with glimepiride tablets has a definitive clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of T2DM,which can significantly improve the blood sugar compliance rate.

Objective To investigate metabolites of 1,5-dieaffeoylquin-ie acid (1,5-DCQA) in human urine after oral administration of 1, 5-DCQA. Methods Urine samples were collected 0-24 h after the oral administration of 600 mg dose of 1,5-DCQA, then the samples were pu-rified through C_(18) solid-phase extraction cartridge. The purified samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem electrospray ioniza-tion ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Results A total of 28 metabolites were discovered, including methylated, glucuronidated and methyl-glucuronidated metabolites. Two important metabolites were determined by comparing with synthesized standards. Conclusion These results suggest that methylation, glucuronidation and isomerization are three important metabolic pathways of 1, 5-DCQA in human.

OBJECTIVETo study the analgesic, expectorant and antitussive effects of the compatible use of Aconiti Radix Cocta and Fritillaria cirrhosa or F. thunbergii with different matching ratio or dose in mice.

METHODThe two-factor, seven-level uniform design method was adopted to observe the analgesic, expectorant and antitussive effects of the oral administration with the two combined decoctions in rats, with frequency of body torsions induced by acetum, secretion of phenol red in tracheas and frequency of coughs as indexes. Significant matching proportions and doses were collected for verification.

RESULTThe effect on the frequency of body torsions: The combined decoctions could effectively reduce the frequency of body torsions. According to a regression analysis, Aconiti Radix Cocta and F. cirrhosa had the synergistic effect, which was maximized with a ratio of 1: 1. The 1: 1 combined decoction played the least role in reducing the frequency of body torsions with a total dose of more than 5 g x kg(-1). The effect on the secretion of phenol red in tracheas. The combined decoctions could effectively increase the secretion of phenol red in tracheas. According to a regression analysis, Aconiti Radix Cocta and F. thunbergii had the antagonism, which was maximized at the ratio of 1: 1, and minimized with a total dose of less than 10 g x kg(-1) and a ratio of 5: 1 between F. thunbergii and Aconiti Radix Cocta. The effect on the frequency of coughs. The combined decoctions could effectively reduce the frequency of coughs. According to a regression analysis, Aconiti Radix Cocta and F. cirrhosa had the antagonism, which was maximized at the ratio of more than 1: 5 and less than 10: 1. There was no interaction between Aconiti Radix Cocta and F. thunbergii. F. thunbergii could reduce the frequency of coughs, whereas Aconiti Radix Cocta showed no effect.

CONCLUSIONThe compatible application of Aconiti Radix Cocta and F. cirrhosa could enhance the analgesic effect of Aconiti Radix Cocta and reduce the expectorant and antitussive effects of F. cirrhosa, which vary according to different matching ratio and dose. The compatible application of Aconiti Radix Cocta and F. thunbergii shows no effect on the antitussive effect of F. thunbergii. This study provides experimental basis for in-depth studies on the combined effect of Aconiti Radix Cocta and Fritillaria--two of eighteen incompatible pairs.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antitussive Agents ; pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Expectorants ; pharmacology ; Fritillaria ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; metabolism ; Trachea ; drug effects ; metabolism