Objective:To compare the clinical effects and improvement of serum hormone levels of kidney tonifying and blood circulation recipe and mirena in the treatment of perimenopasual dysfunctional uterine bleeding.Methods:92 cases of perimenopausal patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding in our hospital from July 2013 to November 2016 were selected and divided into group A and group B with 46 cases in each group.Group A was orally administered with kidney tonifying and blood circulation recipe,and group B was administered with mirena.Both groups were treated for 3 periods.The efficacy and incidences of adverse effect in two groups were observed.The levels of serum hormones and hemoglobin (Hb),and endometial thickness (ET) were detected in two groups.The indices of serum hormone included follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH),progestone (P) and estradiol (E2).Results:No significant difference was found in the total effective rate between two groups (P＞0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum FSH,LH,E2 and P as well as ET and Hb in both groups were all significantly lower than those before treatment (P＜0.01),and the levels of serum FSH,LH,E2 and P as well as ET of group B were significantly lower than those of group A (P＜0.01),no significant difference in the Hb level between two groups (P＞0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions of group B (15.22％) was significantly higher than that of group A(0％) (P＜0.01).Conclusions:The kidney tonifying and blood circulation recipe had similar effect as mirena in the treatment of perimenopasual dysfunctional uterine bleeding,while mirena had strong improving effect in serum hormone level and ET,kidney tonifying and blood circulation recipe had higher security.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; Bronchi ; abnormalities ; Bronchography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Tracheal Stenosis ; congenital ; diagnostic imaging

This study was aimed to identify and distinguish Metacordyceps liangshanensis recorded by the Sichuan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard from its adulterants and its relative species by combining ITS and COI barcode sequences in order to study the feasibility of this new method. After extracting DNA of 28 species of Cordyceps samples, DNA were amplified and sequenced. And then, ITS and COI sequences were received. Codon-Code Aligner V3.7.1 and Mega 5.0 were used to analyze the variable site and construct the N-J tree. The results showed that the minimum ITS inter-specific K-2P distance was relatively higher than the maximum intra-specific K-2P distance. The inter-specific sequence divergence between M. liangshanensis and its adulterants exhibited high while intra-specific sequence divergence exhibited low. And COI one was the same case. N-J tree of both ITS and COI indicated that same genus belonged together and each species belonged to relatively independent branch. It was concluded that based on the ITS and COI gene, the technology of DNA barcode can be an excellent identification of M. liangshanensis, its adulterants and its relative species. It provided technical support for the further research on species molecular identification and phylogenetics of Cordyceps .

BACKGROUND: Xiaohuoluo pill can expel pathogenic wind, remove dampness and activate collaterals. It is used for treatment of Bi-syndrome due to wind-cold-dampness, pain and numbness in limbs.OBJECTIVE: To observe the pharmacological effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on secondary immune response, specific immunity (including cellular immunity and humoral immunity), non-specific immunity [including complement 3(C3), mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and red blood cell (RBC)adhesion function] and free radical injury as well as pain and many other inflammations in mice.DESIGN: A randomized controlled stratified trial.SETTING: Guangzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: Totally 628 NIH and ICR mice of 6 to 8 weeks were involved in this trial. Xiaohuoluo pills (components: Dannanxing, Zhichuanwu, Zhicaowu, Dilong, Ruxiang and so on; Chenli Pharmaceutical Factory,Guangzhou; Brach No. 19980612) were used in this trial. Rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3 antiserum reagent kit (Guangzhou Institute of Medicine and Health) and reagent kit for measuring the antioxidizing activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (Jiancheng Institute of Bioengineering, Nanjing) were used.METHODS: This trial was carried out in the Guangzhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Institute of Medicine and Health during September 1998 to December 1999. ① To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on cock red blood cell (CRBC)-induced secondary immune response: Eight-four ICR mice, male and female in half, were selected.Twenty of 84 mice served as blank controls; The other 64 mice were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophos-phamide (CY) of 0.2 g/kgonce. On the 4th and 12th days, CRBC was intraperitoneally injected into the mice twice to induce immunoenhancing pathological models to form secondary immune response. Mice served as blank controls were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline; The immunoenhanced mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: CY group (n=20, CY, 40 mg/kg, intragastric administration, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=21, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (n=20, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.); once a day within 7 successive days. 19 days later, the levels of serum IgG and C3 were measured with single immunodiffusion method, and the level of circulating immune compound (CIC) was measured with polyethylene glycol precipitation method. ② To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH): Fifty-four ICR mice, male and female in half, were selected. On the 1st day, the mice were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of 10 g/L 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzen e (DNFB) of 50 μL for each. On the 4th day, the sensitized mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: Prednisone group (n=18, prednisone, 0.01 g/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=18, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.), model group (n=18, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), all once a day within 7 successive days. 11 days later, 10 g/L DNFB of 25μL was spread on the right ear of each mouse in each group. The swelling degree was calculated 24 hours later (The mass difference between right ear and left ear). ③ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on immune adhesion function of RBC of mouse: Thirty-six NIH mice, male and female in half, were selected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot: CY group (n=12, CY, 20 mg/kg,I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills (n=12, Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.)and blank control group (n=12, distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), once a day within 7 successive days. 7 days later, blood was taken from the orbit of mice for calculating the rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor and the rosette rate of RBC immune compound. ④ To observe the suppressive effect o20 Mg/kg, I.g.),Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) , once a day within 7 successive days; IgM-type hemolytic concentration (HC50)was measured at 2 hours after the last administration on the 7th day [ (Sample absorption / Absorption at HC50 of CRBC) ×diluted time]. The levels of serum C3 and MDA and the activity of SOD were measured according to the method from corresponding reagent kit. ⑥ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on agar granulation tissue hyperplasia in mice:Fifty-nine NIH mice were selected and given subcutaneous injection of 20 g/L agar of 0.5 mL for each. 24 hours later, the mice were assigned into 3 groups by a lot: diclofenac group (diclofenac, 10 mg/kg,I.g..), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume as other groups, I.g.), once a day within 7 successive days; On the 8th day, the mice were sacrificed. The hyperplasiainhibiting effect was presented in the form of the mass of agar granulation tissue in one kilogram body mass ⑦ To observe the suppressive effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on acetic distortion reaction: Sixty-three NIH mice were se lected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot: diclofenac group (diclofenac,50 mg/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg,I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume of other groups, I.g.),once a day within 2 successive days. At 2 hours after the last administration, the mice were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mol/L acetic acid of 0.2 mL for each one. The times of distortion of mice within 20 minutes were counted. ⑧ To observe the effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on the acute exudative inflammation evoked by dimethylbenzene, croton oil and carrageenan, and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates:Totally 219 NIH mice were selected and assigned into 3 groups by a lot:diclofenac group (diclofenac, 50 mg/kg, I.g.), Xiaohuoluo pills group (Xiaohuoluo pills suspension, 5.54 g/kg, I.g.) and model group (distilled water, the same volume of other groups, I.g.) once a day within 2 successive days. At 2 hours after the last administration, dimethylbenzene of 25 μL was spread on the right ear for 20 minutes, or croton oil of 25 μL was also spread on the right ear, 4 hours later, the swelling of right ear was calculated (mass of right ear-mass of left ear). 10 g/L carrageenan of 20 μL was subcutaneously injected into the right foot, 3 hours later, the swelling degree was calculated (The difference of right foot and left foot); and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates was measured. ⑨ t test(t' test for heteroscedasticity) was used for comparing the difference in measurement data among groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pharmacological effect of Xiaohuoluo pills on secondary immune response, specific immunity, non-specific immunity and free radical injury as well as pain and many other inflammations in mice.RESULTS: Totally 628 NIH and ICR mice were involved in result analysis. ① The level of IgG and CIC of mice in the model group was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups respectively (P ＜ 0.01),while the level of C3 was significantly lower than that in the other 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05 to 0.01). ② The swelling degree of mice in the diclofenac group and Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group respectively ( both P ＜ 0.01). ③ The rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor and RBC immune compound in the blank control group was significantly higher than that in the other 2 gro ups respectively (P ＜ 0.01). ④ The phagocytic index (K value )in the diclofenac group and Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group, respectively (both P ＜ 0.01).⑤ IgM-type HC50 and the level of serum MDA of CY group and Xiaohuoluo pills group were obviously lower than those in the immune control group (P ＜ 0.01),while the level of C3 was higher than that of immune control group, there was no significant difference in the activity of serum SOD between CY group or Xiaohuoluo pills group and immune control group (P ＞ 0.05). ⑥The ratio of agar granulation tissue mass to body mass in the diclofenac group or Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P ＜ 0.01).⑦ The times of distortion of mice within 20 minutes in the diclofenac group or Xiaohuoluo pills group were signifi cantly less than those of model group(P ＜ 0.01,0.05).⑧The ear swelling degree of dimethylbenzene-induced inflammatory models and croton oil-induced inflammatory models,and foot swelling degree of carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory models as well as the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates in the diclofenac group were significantly milder or lower than those in the model group(P ＜ 0.05 to 0.01),and the level of prostaglandin E in the inflammatory exudates in the Xiaohuoluo pills group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Xiaohuoluo pills possess pharmacological effects of immunosuppression, anti-proliferative inflammation, analgesia and antioxidation.

OBJECTIVEThis study is to establish the fingerprint and find out the common chromatographic peaks of Inula cappa by HPLC.

METHODThe HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% fomic acid aqueous solution-0.1% fomic acid acetonitrile solution as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 · mL(-1) · min(-1); The detective wavelength is 325 nm; The column temperature is 45 °C.

RESULTThe results indicated that 5 of 17 common peaks were identified . The similarity about 10 groups of Inulacappais is over 0.95.

CONCLUSIONThis method is able to be a scientific basis of quality assessment according to its convenient and reliable.

Objective Carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) not only enhances the hydration reaction but also promotes the formation of CaCO3,which is an essential step for new bone formation in vitro.However,there is no direct evidence to demonstrate the involvement of CA1 in bio-mineralization in cells and tissues.This study is aimed to evaluate the important role of CA1 in bio-mineralization and ossification in cultured cells.Methods Calcification in Saos-2 cells was induced using osteogenic medium (OM) and the calcification was determined by Alizarin Red-S staining.The expressions of ossification protein marker Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2),osterix (OSX),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were detected in the process of bone formation by real-time PCR.The expression of CA 1 in the calcified cells were measured using real-time PCR and Western blotting.We also detected calcification in Saos-2 cells in the presence of acetazolamide,an anti-carbonic anhydrase drug to CA1,to determine the role of CA1 in biomineralization in culture cells.T test analysis was used to compare the two groups,M-ANOVA of repeated measurs was conducted for different time point.Results Following the stimulation of OM,Saos-2 cells produced a great amount of calcium-rich deposits [0.68±0.03 vs 2.76±0.13,P＜0.01].Increased transcriptions of ossification protein markers were also detected in these stimulated Saos-2 cells,indicating that the OM launched the process of bone formation in the cells.CA1 had a significantly increased expression during this process [0.25±0.03 vs 0.94±0.06,P＜0.01].Following treatment with acetazolamide,the expression of CA1 evidently declined [1.09±0.05 vs 0.55±0.07,P＜0.05],and the mineralized nodule formation was declined [2.76±0.13 vs 2.19±0.07,P＜0.01].Conclusion These findings indicate that CA1 participates in the biomineralization and ossification,and may play an important roles in bone formation.

HIV p24 core protein can induce both cellular and neutralizing antibody responses.HIV-1 CA-virus-like particles(VLPs)vaccines provide a promising approach for the development of an effective vaccination strategy against HIV infection.Rhizosecreion of the recombinant proteins provides a new manufacturing platform that can simplify the extraction and purification procedure.Lycium barbarum L.was transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 harboring the plant expression vector pCAMBIA1305.2-MA4-CA with a GRP signal peptide and MA4-CA fusion gene.Transgenic hairy roots were induced and cultivated in hydroponic culture.Western blotting indicated that the recombinant CA proteins were present in two forms,a glycosylated monomer(37 kDa)and a dimer(50 kDa)in the roots and hydroponic medium.It appeared from the present immunohistochemical data that the recombinant CA proteins fused with GRP signal peptide were confined to the cytoplasm,cell wall and intercellular space,indicating targeting into the secretory pathway.It demonstrated for the first time the rhizosecretion of HIV-1 recombinant capsid protein in Lycium barbarum L.hairy roots,and may offer a novel method for expressing HIV-1 CA-VLPs vaccines in plants.

Based on the teaching fact and feature of pharmacy specialty. In this article, curriculum location of general microbiology about object, character, function, content design for the higher vocational colleges were disscused. The result would provide some gist to reform teaching methods for microbiology course.

Objective:Scope review of exercise-related research in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), while pointing out the limitations of existing research, and providing references for future studies in this area.Methods:We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane databases, China Biology Medicine, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Data, and Chinese Science Journal Database for studies related to exercise intervention in patients with IBD from January 1974 to July 2020. We extracted data from the included studies. Then we summarized and presented the results.Results:16 articles were finally included, of which 14 were randomized controlled trials and 2 were quasi-experimental studies. Results show that exercise methods can be divided into four categories: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, flexibility exercise and mixed exercise. The intensity of exercise was mostly low to moderate. The frequency of exercise was mostly 3 times/week, lasting for 30-60 minutes per session. The results showed that exercise had positive effects on physical fitness, bone density, anxiety and depression, quality of life among patients with IBD. However, the effect of exercise on disease activity are diverse.Conclusion:exercise is beneficial to the mental and physical health among this group, but the existing studies have small sample sizes, short exercise intervention period, neglect of individualization in exercise prescription design, low exercise compliance, non-uniformity of exercise effect evaluation indicators.

Abstract: Objective　To compare the efficiency of lung-microscopy and tissue homogenate in the detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae from Pomacea canaliculate, with the amin of finding a simple and rapid method suitable for different scenarios. Methods　Pomacea canaliculata was caught and collected from ponds, ditches, rivers and other environments in the confirmed epidemic areas reported by predecessors. After each snail was weighed one by one, and dissected into two parts: lung sac and muscle. Firstly, each snail lung sac was check for nodules with lung-microscopy, and the nodules were picked out with anatomical needle and press them separately. Then, the worm was found and identified for worm species under microscope, and the lung sac and snail meat then was rechecked with tissue homogenate. Results　A total of 330 snails were detected, with 19.1% (63/330) snails with Angiostrongylus cantonensis stage Ⅲ larvae were detected by tissue homogenate and 15.8% (52/330) snails with nodules were detected by lung-microscopy. Among them, 36 snails with nodules and larvae were detected by the lung-microscopy, and all of them were positive by the tissue homogenate, with a coincidence rate of 100% (36/36); 16 snails with nodules but no larvae, among which 6 snails were positive and 10 snails were negative by the tissue homogenate, The false detection rate was 19.2% (10/52). 278 snails with no nodules, but 21 of them were detected by the tissue homogenate, the missing rate was 7.6% (21/278). There was no significant difference between tissue homogenate and lung-microscopy (taking the positive determination of nodules as the standard) (χ2=1.27, P=0.26, P>0.05). There was significant difference between tissue homogenate and lung-microscopy (taking the detection of larvae as the standard)(χ2=8.66, P = 0.003, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the two methods and tissue homogenate in the detection rate of large snails ( ≥25 g, χ2=0.08，P=0.777; χ2=2.58, P=0.108), but there was significant difference between the two methods and tissue homogenate in the detection rate of small snail (≤10 g, χ2=5.63, P=0.02). Conclusions　Compared with the tissue homogenate, lung-microscopy is simple in the detection of large snails, requires less instruments and equipment, and its detection speed is faster. It is suitable for the field investigation of the natural focus of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The tissue homogenate has high sensitivity, can directly display the insect state and activity, has strong insect vitality and high detection rate, it's more suitable for food safety risk monitoring.