Objective To evaluate the effect of dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in rats.Methods Totally 58 male SD rats were divided into control group (n =10),model group (n =12),ω-3 PUFA high-dose group (n =12),ω-3PUFA medium-dose group (n =12),and ω-3 PUFA low-dose group (n =12).Seven days before model establishment,rats in the three ω-3 PUFA groups were orally given ω-3 PUFA at 1,0.5,and 0.25 g/kg body weight once per day,respectively,for seven consecutive days.Twenty-four hours after the last administration,all rats except those in the control group were given intravenous injection of LPS (6 mg/kg) at caudal vein to establish the model of acute lung injury.Body temperature was measured at 0,6,and 24 hour.Blood samples were collected from the eye venous plexus for routine blood tests and blood biochemical tests 24 hours after modeling.After the rats were sacrificed,the left lung was harvested for measuring the wet weight and dry weight and calculating the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D).The right lung was harvested for pathological observation under light microscope and calculation of semi-quantitative pathological index (PI).Results Twenty-four hours after modeling,deaths were noted in all groups except the control group.After injection of LPS,rats curled with little movements.At 6 hour,the body temperature was significantly higher in the model group than in the control group [(37.4 ±0.27)℃ vs.(35.9 ±0.05) ℃,P =0.00] ; it was (36.2 ±0.38)℃,(36.3 ±0.30)℃,and (36.3 ± 0.32) ℃ in the ω-3 PUFA high-,medium-,and low-dose groups,which were significantly lower than that in the model group (all P =0.01).The amounts of white blood cells,neutrophils,and lymphocytes increased in the model group,but showing no significant difference compared with the other groups.The serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group [(353 ± 235) U/L vs.(157 ± 55) U/L,P =0.02 ; (141± 103) U/L vs.(54 ±23) U/L,P =0.03] ; the ω-3 PUFA high-dose group had significantly lower GOT and GPT levels than the model group did [(167 ±94) U/L vs.(353 ±235) U/L,P =0.03 ; (63 ±57) U/L vs.(141 ± 103) U/L,P =0.04].The model group had significantly higher lung wet weight [(371 ±38) mg vs.(281 ±24) mg,P=0.01] and W/D value (7.34±1.40 vs.5.41 ±0.84,P=0.01) compared with the control group.Compared with the model group,the W/D value was significantly lower in the ω-3 PUFA high-,medium-,and low-dose groups (6.17 ±0.58,P =0.03; 6.17 ± 0.76,P =0.03; 6.13 ± 1.23,P =0.04).Light microscopy showed that the lung alveoli of the model group presented congestion,obvious expansion,and scattered inflammatory cell infiltration in interstitium,along with significantly increased PI compared with the control group (3.9±0.9 vs.0.0±0.0,P=0.00).The PI value was (2.1 ±0.3),(2.1 ±0.3),and (2.3 ± 0.5) in ω-3 PUFA high-,medium-,and low-dose groups,respectively,all significantly lower than that in the model group (all P =0.01).Conclusions The acute lung injury model could be successful established by intravenous injection of LPS.ω-3 PUFA at different doses can improve the acute lung injury of rats.It is therefore supposed that early enteral administration of ω-3 PUFA can alleviate LPS-induced acute lung injury,although the optimal dosage and timing need further research.

Myoblast line C_2C_ 12 cells were co-cultured with various concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Being induced by GLP-1, myoblast line C_2C_ 12 cells have the potential to differentiate into cells which are able to secrete insulin-like substance.

An extracellular proteinase from Candida albicans WD27 was purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography with 25.4 fold and 5.2% yield. This enzyme appeared to be aspartic proteinase since the enzyme activity could be inhibited by pepstatin which was specific inhibitor of this class of proteinase. The enzyme had an acidic proteolytic activity profile with the optimum pH of 4.0. The optimum temperature of the enzyme activity was 37℃. The proteinase had a broad substrate specificity with the highest susceptibility to bovine hemoglobin. The Km for bovine hemoglobin was determined to be 0.814mmol/L.

Animals ; Diet ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; administration & dosage ; Insulin Resistance ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats

Objective To investigate the accuracy of low-dose dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography in the step-and-shoot (SAS) mode for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis in comparison with conventional coronary angingraphy (CCA).Methods Prospective multiple-center study, 46 patients[mean age(58±9) years;bedy mass index(BMI) (25±3) kg/m2]underwent both DSCT in the SAS mode and CCA within 14 days.The inclusion criteria for contrast-enhanced CT: (1) heart rate less than 65 times/rain (bpm).(2) regular sinus rhythm, heart rate fluctuations within the range of 6 bpm. (3) holding breath well, breath-hold time is about 12-15 s.The exclusion criteria:(1) allergy to iodinecontaining contrast medium, nephropathy (serum creatinine level 120 μmol/L), heart failure and serious arrhythmias.(2) patients with coronary stents or bypass grafts.(3) heart rate can not be controlled very well (4)the patient could not take nitroglycerin.(5)BMI 30 kg/m2.(6) other heart disease: carcliomyopathy, valvular disease etc.Sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were determined with CCA as standard of reference.The Kappa value between the two modalities and the two observers was calculated.Radiation dose values were measured.Results Mean heart rate during scanning was (61±6)bpm.99.19% (614/619) coronary segments were depicted with a diagnostic image quality. The vessel-based sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis were 96.2% (75/78), 88.2% (60/68), 90.4% (75/83), and 95.2% (60/63), respectively.The Kappa value between the two modalities was 0.848 (P=0.000).The mean effective dose of the SAS-CTCA was (2.95± 0.96) rosy(1.26-4.32 mSy).Conclusion In selected patients, DSCT coronary angiography in the SAS mode have good image quality, which allows for the accurate diagnosis of coronary stenosis at a low radiation dose.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of preconditioning and postconditioning with Shenfu Injection (SFI) on cognitive function in patients after valve replacement under extra-corporeal circulation.

METHODSThirty-two patients prepared to receive valve replacement, aged 25-54 years, with heart function of II-III level, were randomly assigned to four groups, eight in each group. Patients in group E1 received SFI 1 mL/kg after intubation and before blocking the aorta; patients in group E2 received SFI 1 mL/kg after opening the aorta; patients in group E3 received SFI 0.5 mL/kg twice, at before blocking and after opening the aorta, respectively; and patients in group C received 1 mL/kg normal saline after intubation for control. All the medication was infused via pump. Venous blood samples were taken from the internal jugular venous bulb cannula for detecting plasma S100beta protein by ELISA at 6 different time points, i.e. after trachea intubation (T1), 10 min after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB, T2), hypothermia stabilizing stage (T3), re-warming to 33 degrees C (T4), ending CPB (T5) and 1 h after ending CPB (T6). And patients' cognitive function was assessed for 4 times with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale, at the day before operation, and 1, 2, 7 days after operation.

RESULTSThe elevation of S100beta plasma protein was lesser in the three E groups than that in group C (P < 0.05), and the lowest level was shown at T6 in Group E3 (P < 0.05). The highest incidence of cognitive dysfunction occurred in Group C one week after operation (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFI may reduce the plasma level of S100B protein, maintain stable the structure and function of blood-brain barrier, it is favorable to the post-operational recovery of neurological function of patients, showing good brain protective effect. The optimal effect could be obtained by pump infusion of 0.5 mL/kg of SFI before aortic blocking and after aortic opening.

Adult ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; Brain ; blood supply ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Cognition Disorders ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Growth Factors ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100 Proteins ; blood

Objective: To elucidate the role of A39S mutation of DJ-1 in the onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and identify genes for which expressions are abnormally regulated by A39S DJ-1 mutation. Methods: We established HEK293 cell lines which stably expressed empty vector, wild-type DJ-1 and A39S mutated DJ-1 respectively. DNA microarrays were used to identify genes for which expressions change in wild-type DJ-1 cells and A39S DJ-1 mutant cells. Results: Compared with the cell line expression empty vector, we identified 42 differentially regulated genes (including 14 up-regulated genes and 28 down-regulated genes) in the wild-type DJ-1 cells and 8 differentially regulated genes (including 6 up-regulated genes and 2 down-regulated genes) in the A39S DJ-1 mutant cells. Compared with the wild-type DJ-1 cells, only the expression of UGT2B7 gene was down-regulated in A39S DJ-1 mutant cells. hTese differentially regulated genes were mainly related to signal transduction, regulation of transcription, apoptosis and metabolism. Conclusion: A39S mutated DJ-1 may disturb the transcriptional activities of DJ-l and involve in the pathogenesis of PD.

Objective To analyze the cause and treatment of the postoperative complications using one-stage posterior spinal osteotomy in the treatment of severe spinal deformity.Methods From September 2006 to May 2013,17 patients with severe spinal deformity (congenital scoliosis in 11 cases,congenital kyphosis in 4 cases,and congenital kyphoscoliosis in 2 cases) underwent one-stage posterior spinal osteotomy,including 5 males and 12 females with an average age of 22.6 (14-51) years.The preoperative mean coronal Cobb angle was 109° (85°-160°) while the mean sagittal Cobb angle was 104° (65°-152°).Two patients had neurological symptoms preoperatively whose spinal cord function was D,evaluated by ASIA classification.All patients were treated with pedicle subtration osteotomy and pedicle screw internal fixation,which SPO osteotomy 2 cases,PSO osteotomy 11 cases,VCR osteotomy 4 cases.Results There were 17 cases of complications in 147 patients,the complication rate was 11.6％(17/147).The causes were as followed,screw malposition in 2 cases,compromised by close of resected areas in 2 case,residual bone compression in 1 case,acute spinal cord injury in 2 cases,infection in 2 cases,broken stick or loosen hat in 3 cases,and superior mesenteric artery syndrome in 5 cases.Postoperative neurological complications occurred in 7 cases.Two cases with preoperative ASIA D became ASIA C,5 cases with normal nerve function became ASIA C in 2 cases and ASIA D in 3 cases.After surgical exploration,given Methylprednisolone and neurotrophic drugs,removal or changing of the internal fixation,anti-infection and symptomatic treatment,15 cases recovered completely and 2 cases improved partially.Conclusion One-stage posterior spinal osteotomy for severe spinal deformity is technical demanding and risky,and the postoperative complications are common.Appropriate operative procedure,close observation of sensation and motor function,timely surgical exploration and nerve decompression,and early brace wear are all required.

Resveratrol,a naturally occurring polyphenol and phytoalexin,has received significantly attention in recent years due to its vast therapeutic effects including anticancer,antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,etc.However,poor pharma-cokinetic properties such as low aqueous solubility,low photo-stability and extensive first pass metabolism result in poor bioavail-ability,which hindering its immense potential.A number of theoretical solutions have been developed to improve the bioavailabili-ty of resveratrol.This review enumerates the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties that affect resveratrol bioavailability, describes formulations tested for resveratrol administration and identifies future opportunities for resveratrol delivery.

Aim To investigate the relationship be-tween the cardioprotection of apigenin ( Api ) from an-oxia/reoxygenation ( A/R) injury and Bcl-2 pathway. Methods H9 c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured and di-vided into normal control group, A/R group, Api pre-treatment group ( Api ) , Api + Bcl-2 inhibitor group ( Api + ABT-737 ) . Expression of Bcl-2 was deter-mined by Western blot,and cell viability was measured by MTT method. LDH, SOD, GSH-Px, MDA activity were determined by chromometry. ROS generation, mi-tochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were de-termined by flow cytometry. Results 25h after apige-nin precondition,the expression of Bcl-2 was upregulat-ed in cardiomyocytes ( P <0. 01 ) . In the group pre-treated with 40 μmol · L-1 apigenin before A/R, the activity of LDH in culture medium decreased; the ac-tivity of intracellular SOD, GSH-Px increased; the content of MDA and ROS generation decreased; cell viability increased; mitochondrial membrane potential could be more stable and cell apoptosis decreased ( P<0. 01 ) . However, all these protective effects were attenuated significantly in the group pretreated with apigenin and Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 . Conclusion The effect of apigenin against A/R injury in cardiomyo-cytes involves Bcl-2 pathway, and at least partly de-pends on its effect on upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 .