AIM: To investigate the preoperative binocular visual function of intermittent exotropia and the rebuilding and recovery of the postoperative binocular visual function, and analyze the effect of binocular visual function on orthophoria after surgery.
METHODS:From January 2011 to January 2014, 47 basic intermittent exotropia patients caming for treatment were collected in the clinical data. The changes in their near stereopsis, binocular visual function, binocular fusion and distance stereopsis after operations were recorded in the form of data. The preoperative binocular vision and the postoperative rebuilding were analyzed and contrasted with each other. In addition, the effect on the postoperative maintaining of orthophoria due to the existence, recovery and rebuilding of binocular visual function were observed.
RESULTS:Intermittent exotropia patients got damage in different levels on their binocular visual functions, especially on distance stereopsis, which was the heaviest and earliest. After the operation, all functions were obviously recovered and reconstructed and the improvements were statistically significant compared against those before the operation (P<0. 01). Patients having binocular visual function or part of it before the operation had a higher ratio of orthophoria compared against the patients who had lost binocular visual function before the operation and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01). The recovery and reconstruction of the postoperative binocular visual function played an important role in maintaining the orthophoria.
CONCLUSION: The intermittent exotropia cause damage to the stereopsis which happened the earliest. Obvious recovery and reconstruction of binocular visual function can be observed after the surgery. A relatively good preoperative binocular visual function may lead to the increase in the ratio of orthophoria or cure the intermittent exotropia. Performing an operation when distance stereopsis is damaged can increase the success rate for the surgery and reduce the recurrence rate.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemorheology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; blood ; drug therapy

This study is to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on pig serum-induced liver fibrosis of rats. The liver fibrotic model of rats was induced by pig serum. After models were successfully established, rats in the treatment groups were administered with I3C through intraperitoneal injection or curcumin by intragastric administration, daily for 17 days. Hepatic hydroxyproline (Hyp) content was measured. The liver histology and immunohistochemistry with a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were assayed. Hepatic stellate cells line, HSC-T6 was incubated with different concentrations of I3C (25, 50, and 100 micromol x L(-1)) for 24 h. The effect of I3C on cell apoptosis was identified by FITC-Annexin V/PI double labeled assay. And the mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by real time RT-PCR. The results showed that hepatic content of Hyp decreased by I3C treatment, as compared with the fibrotic model control. Histopathological changes, such as steatosis, necrosis, deposition of collagenous fiber reduced remarkably and the expression of alpha-SMA was significantly down-regulated in the I3C-treated groups (P < 0.01). Apoptosis analysis showed that I3C significantly increased HSC-T6 apoptosis rate and the expressional ratio of Bax to Bcl-2. The results indicated that I3C could effectively cure pig serum-induced liver fibrosis in vivo by inducing HSC apoptosis and promoting ECM degradation.

Objective:To investigate the inhibition of methylmercury on proliferation of human small cell lung cancer NCI-H446 and to compare with As_2O_3 and cisp latin.Methods:MTT chromatometry was adopted.Cultured NCI-H446 cells were incubated with different doses of methylmercury,As_2O_3,or cisplatin at 2.5,5,10,20,40 μmol/L.The optical density OD_(570) value were detected to calculate the inhibitory rate of proliferation.The nude mice model bearing tumor was constructed by subcutaneous injection with transplanting NCI-H446 cells.MMC was used at 10 mg/kg in administration with normal saline as the control.Tumor size was measured and tumor volume was calculated.Then the morphologic change was observed by HE stainning.Results:OD_(570) value of methylmercury groups were lower than that of the control groups at any doses and the difference was significant from 2.5 μmol/L group(P<0.05).The difference of the OD_(570) value of methylmercury groups under the same concentration among the different times were significant (P＜0.05);OD_(570) value of As_2O_3 and cisplatin groups were also lower than that of the control groups.There was no significant difference with MMC and cisplatin.OD_(570) value of MMC and DDP groups were higher than that of As_2O_3 groups.The volume of the tumor of the experiment groups was smaller than that of normal saline group,and the necrocytosis was more than that of normal saline group by HE stainning.Conclusion:Methylmercury could inhibit the proliferation of human small cell lung cancer NCI-H446,and the effect is both time- and dose-dependence.At the same doses,this effect may be equal to cisplatin's and stronger than As_2O_3's.

OBJECTIVE To observe prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) induced high sensitivity of hypo?thalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring rats which were fed with a high-fat diet, and to explore the mechanism. METHODS Nicotine (2 mg·kg-1 per day) was injected subcutaneously to preg?nant Wistar rats from gestational day (GD) 9 to GD20,and then the young rats were naturally delivered. After weaning, half of the offspring was fed with a high-fat diet until postnatal weeks (PW) 20. The others were exposed to unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) from PW17 to PW20. The pathological changes in the hippocampus were analyzed by HE staining. The blood concentration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) was detected by RIA kits and ELISA kits, respectively. Meanwhile, real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of ACTH releasing hormone (CRH), arginine vasopressin (AVP), vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR),glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67). RESULTS In the normal control group,UCS treatment increased the level of serum ACTH and CORT 1.96 and 3.24 times in female rats,but 1.63 and 3.54 times in male rats. In the PNE group, UCS treatment increased the level of serum ACTH and CORT 3.96 and 5.98 times in female rats, but 3.04 and 5.22 times male rats. PNE increased the mRNA expression of AVP in the female and male rats 2.04 and 1.13 times in UCS treatment control group, and the mRNA expression of hypothalamus CRH and the ratio of VGLuT2/ GAD65 were increased 2.49 and 1.14 times in female rats, respectively. Furthermore, the nicotine group exhibited histological changes to different degrees in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus. In the female and male nicotine groups, the mRNA ratio of hippocampal MR/GR decreased by 88.0% and 86.0% in comparison with the normal control group without UCS, and the mRNA expression of GAD67 was enhanced 1.38 and 1.97 times in female and male rats without UCS. In the female UCS treatment nicotine groups, the mRNA expression of GAD67 was increased 2.17 times compared with the UCS treatment control group. CONCLUSION PNE can induce a high sensibility of HPA axis in offspring rats fed with a high-fat diet. The imbalance of hippo?campus MR/GR and the enhanced expression of GAD67 mRNA may be involved.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the transgenerational effect of neuroendocrine metabolic programmed alteration in adult intrauterine growth retardation (lUGR) offspring rats with prenatal nicotine exposure. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were administered daily with nicotine (2 mg.kg-1 ) by sc from gestational day 11 until delivery. F1 offspring was fed with a standard diet before four groups in F2 were set up according to the cross-mating between F1 normal adult rats and nicotine-induced lUGR adult rats. CC group was mated by F1 normal adult rats, CN group by F1 normal adult male rats and lUGR adult female rats, NC group by F1 lUGR adult male rats and normal adult female rats, while NN group was mated by F1 lUGR adult rats. F2 adult rats were subjected to a fortnight ice water swimming stimulus. Blood samples were collected before and after stress and then detected for the levels of adrenocortico-tropic hormone ( ACTH), corticosterone ( CORT), glucose, triglycerides ( TG) and total cholesterol (TCH). RESULTS Before stress, the level of serum CORT in F2 male rats of NN group was decreased to 73.9% of that of the CC group (P<0.05),while the level of serum TG in F2 male rats of CN and NC groups was increased to 1.43 and 1.52 times that of the CC group, respectively ( P<0.05). Meanwhile, the level of serum TG in F2 female rats of CN, NC and NN groups was increased to 1.71, 1.80 and 1.81 times that of the CC group, respectively (P<0.05). After stress, the serum CORT gain rate in F2 male rats of CC group was -1.67%, but was 36.0% in NN group. The serum glucose level in male NC group and in female CN group was increased to 1.61 and 1.62 times that of the corresponded CC groups, respectively (P<0.01). Furthermore, the serum TG gain rate in F2 rats of each nicotine group was decreased markedly in comparison with their corresponding controls (P<0.05), ie, the serum TG gain rates in F2 male rats of CN, NC and NN groups were decreased to 46.4%, 16.7% and 7.7% of the CC group, while the serum TG gain rates in F2 female rats of these groups were decreased to 20.6%, 4.0% and 8.4% of the CC group, respectively. Compared with CC group, TCH level of females and males in NN group was decreased by 40.5% and 21.9%(P<0.01) before stress, respectively, and the TCH gain rate of females in NN group was increased by 49.7%(P<0.05) after stress. CONCLUSION The reproductive and developmental toxicities and the neuroendocrine metabolic programming alterations induced by prenatal nicotine exposure are transgenerated to F2 offspring and these effects exhibit gender and parental differences.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingpeng ointment in the treatment of eczema.Methods A multi-center,randomized,double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted.A total of 246 patients with eczema were randomly assigned with a ratio of 2∶1 to the treatment group and control group to topically apply Qingpeng ointment and placebo respectively twice daily for 3 weeks.Total symptom scores were calculated for the patients at the baseline,on week 1,2 and 3 during the treatment according to the individual scores for pruritus,lesions including erythema,papules,papulovesicles or vesicles,desquamation,crusting,infiltration and lichenification.The occurrence of adverse events was recorded.Results Totally,228 patients completed the trial,including 154 patients in the treatment group and 74 patients in the control group.After 3 weeks of treatment,a statistical difference was observed in the response rate (85.71％ vs.41.89％,Z=47.16,P＜ 0.01) and cure rate (31.82％ vs.12.16％,Z=12.30,P＜ 0.01) between the treatment and control group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (2.48％ vs.2.56％,x2 =0,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Qingpeng ointment displays a promising efficacy for the treatment of mild to moderate eczema with a rapid onset and high safety.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effect of Tianhuang Huoxue Tongluo Decoction (THTD) in treating acute hemorrhagic stroke.

METHODSSeventy-two patients were randomly divided into the treated group (n = 32) and the control group (n = 40), they were treated with conventional Western medicine treatment and to the patients in the treated group, THTD was given additionally starting from the 6th day of disease for 30 days.

RESULTSComparison of the neurofunction deficit scoring on the 15th day and the 30th day after treatment was significantly different in both group (P < 0.05). The markedly improving rate in the treated group was 71.88%, which was better than that in the control group (55.00%, P < 0.05), and no relaptic hemorrhage or secondary infarction case was found in the treated group.

CONCLUSIONTHTD may have bi-directional regulation on coagulation mechanism and fibrinolysis promoting mechanism, thus to benefit the resolving and absorption of hematoma in stroke patients, which plays important role in preventing relapse and secondary infarction, raising the cure rate, reducing mortality and disability rate.

Adult ; Aged ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Secondary Prevention ; Stroke ; drug therapy ; etiology

OBJECTIVE To observe the increased susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MS) in offspring adult female rats which experienced prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) and underwent early postnatal catch-up growth and late chronic stress, and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Starting from gestational day 11, pregnant Wistar rats were intragastrically administered with caffeine at the dose of 120 mg·kg-1 per day until delivery. The female offspring rats were fed a high-fat diet from postnatal week 4 (PW4) to PW24, and then exposed to two weeks of unpredictable chronic stress at PW38-PW40. Blood glucose and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, insulin, triglycer? ides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were detected. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of adrenal steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, P450 side- chain cleavage enzyme, 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, steroid 11β- hydroxy? lase, steroid 21β- hydroxylase, hepatic insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 2 and glucose trans? porter 2 (GLUT2) were examined by real- time quantitative PCR. The morphological changes of the adrenal gland, pancreas and liver were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS Compared with control group〔(13.9±2.8) g〕, the body mass of the PCE offspring female rats at PW1〔(10.5±1.0) g〕 was significantly lower (P<0.01), which lasted until PW40 (P<0.05, P<0.01). However, the gain rate of body mass was higher in the PCE group at PW4- PW16 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Levels of blood glucose〔(5.9±0.3) mmol·L- 1〕and serum insulin〔(100±31) mU·L-1〕, the insulin resistance index (26.3±5.7), LDL-C〔(0.55±0.05) mmol·L-1〕level and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (0.87±0.11) were increased compared with (4.3±0.3) mmol·L-1, (45±4) mU·L-1, 8.3±0.9, (0.38±0.04) mmol·L-1 and 0.66±0.07 in the control group, respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01). The mRNA expression of hepatic GLUT2 in the PCE group was lower than in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the thicknesses of the adrenal zona fasciculata was re?duced and the area of pancreatic islets became smaller, but there was no significant change in liver morphology. CONCLUSION PCE offspring adult female rats display high susceptibility to MS, which is mainly manifested as insulin resistance, characterized by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, lipid metabolism disorder and structural and functional abnormalities of multiple organs. The mechanism is possibly related to the disorder of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-associated neuroendocrine meta? bolic programming.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of voice disorder and voice fatigue mental state in the pri-mary school teachers in a district of Chengdu.Methods A random sampling survey included 389 teachers from a dis-trict of Chengdu after they filled out the throat symptoms questionnaire,carried out voice fatigue tests,and strobo-scopic laryngoscopy.Results The most common voice of discomfort symptoms was hoarseness,followed by sore throat,dry throat and vocal fatigue.There were 189 teachers,48.5%,with voice disorders as the voice disorder group)and 200 teachers without throat and voice disorders as the control group.The failure rate was significantly higher at 80 dB than 75 dB,and for the study group,the failure rate was higher than that of the control group.The difference was statistically significant in 1,2 and 10 minutes between the two groups(P <0.05).Conclusion Voice fatigue is very common in the primary school teachers and when high volumes are required,the voice fatigue is more serious.To reduce voice fatigue and the incidence of primary school teachers'voice disease,we should strengthen the teacher's voice health care.