Objective To investigate the effects of goal‐directed volume therapy (GDVT )on the intracranial pressure(ICP) and the balance of cerebral oxygen consumption and supply in selective neurosurgery. Methods Twenty‐four patients sched‐uled for intracranial tumor resection were randomly divided into 2 groups:conventional fluid management group (group C ,n=12) and GDVT group(group G ,n=12). Patients in group C received introperative fluid transfusion according to classical fluid management strategies while those in group G received GDT according to stroke volume variation (SVV) ,guided by Flotrac‐Vigileo system.Mean arterial pressure(MAP) ,heart rate(HR) ,cardiac index(CI) ,ICP ,SVV and jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjvO2 )were recorded before the anesthesia induction(T1 ) ,at the moment of intubation(T2 ) ,at the moment of opening the hard meninges(T3),1hafteropeningthehardmeninges(T4),andattheendofthesurgery(T5).Thecerebraloxygenextractionra‐tio(CERO2 )was calculated. The duration of surgery ,crystalloid volume ,colloid volume ,blood transfusion volume ,urinary output and bleeding volume were recorded as well.Results The colloid transfusion volume ,the total fluid transfusion volume and uri‐nary output were significantly increased in group G when compared with those in group C (P<0.05).MAP ,CI ,and SjvO2 were much higher and CERO2 were much lower at T4 and T5 in group G than in group C(P<0.05). There was no significant differ‐ence in the ICP at each time point between groups G and C (P>0.05).Conclusion Goal‐directed fluid therapy optimizes the cardiac preload without increasing the ICP in selective neurosurgery ,and it also improves the balance of cerebral oxygen con‐sumption and supply.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the quality of domperidone tablets produced by 3 different factories METHODS:The quality of different products was investigated according to the standards of Ministry of Public Health and manufacture factories,including dissolubility,uniformity of dosage units,related substances and seals of blister packaging RESULTS:In 3 batches of products manufactured by Y,W and L,the contents of domperidone were 98 23%～99 74%,96 92%～98 31% and 97 42%～98 72%,and content uniformity A+1 8S was 2 11～3 38,3 97～5 25 and 5 49～7 47 respectively,which were in keeping with the Chinese pharmacopoeia;impurity R061668 was not found,and contents of impurity R052211 were 0 004%～0 024%,0 029%～0 072% and 0 003%～0 056%;the total impurity substances were 0 030%～0 095%,0 102%～0 128% and 0 232%～0 489%;the dissolubity(45min) was 95 09%～95 77%,91 25%～96 43% and 95 48%～96 58% respectively In experimental condition,no leakage was found from blister package of Y and W products,however,the leak rate of L product reached more than 38% CONCLUSION:According to this survey,the quality of product Y is the best,W is better

Objective To investigate the influence of murine cytomegalovirus ( MCMV) infection on the expression of downstream differentiation related target genes of Wnt signaling pathway in neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro and explore the molecular mechanism of fetal encephalodysplasia caused by CMV infection. Methods NSCs were separated from fetal BALB/c mouse and cultured in vitro. The NSCs infected by MCMV at a MOI (multiplicity of infection) of 5, 1 and 0.1, respectively, were cultured in differentiation medium. The dynamic expression of the downstream differentiation related target genes ( c-myc, cyclinD1, ngn-1 and ngn-2) of Wnt signal pathway in NSCs were measured by Western blot. Real-time RT-PCR was employed to measure the expression levels of the key differentiation genes ngn-1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs post infection. Results The protein levels of c-myc in the infected groups were significantly lower than that in the normal control at 0.5-5 d (P＜0.05) ; At 0. 5 d and 1 d post-infection (p. i. ) , the protein levels of cyclinDl in the infected groups were lower than that in the normal control (P＜0.05). At 2 d and 3 d p. i. , the cyclinD1 expression in the infected groups was higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0. 05). However, at 4 d and 5 d p. i. , the cyclinD1 levels in the group of the MOI of 5 were lower than in other three groups (F＜0.05). The expression of ngn-1 protein in the infected groups was reduced importantly compared with normal control at 1 -5 d p. i. ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The expression of ngn-1 mRNA in the infected groups was lower than that in the control group at all time points (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The expression of ngn-2 protein decreased at first and then increased, which was opposite to the normal control. The peak of ngn-2 expression in groups of the MOT of 0.1 and 1 occurred later and were significantly lower than that in the normal control (P ＜0. 05). No distinct peak was seen in the group of the MOI of 5. At 1 d p. i. , the expression of ngn-2 of all infected groups was significantly lower than that in the normal control ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). At 2 d p. i. , the expression of in the group of the MOI of 5 was still lower (P ＜ 0.05). While at 3 d, 4 d and 5 d p. i. , the protein levels in all infected groups were higher than that in the normal control (P ＜ 0. 05). The protein expression of these genes increased following the increase of MOI. Conclusion MCMV inhibited the protein expression of c-myc and ngn-1 in differentiated NSCs, repressed the mRNA expression of ngn-1 and caused the perturbed expression of cyclinDl and ngn-2 in a MOI-dependent manner. These data suggest that inhibition of or interference with the protein expression of downstream differentiation related target genes of Wnt signaling pathway in NSCs by MCMV may be one of the important mechanisms, by which proliferation and differentiation of NSCs are inhibited and thus fetal brain is impaired after MCMV infection.

Objective To investigate the influence of murine cytomegalovirus(MCMV) infection on differentiation and differentiation gene expression of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro for studying the mechanisms of brain abnormalities calmed by congenital cytomegalovirns infection. Methods NSCs were separated from fetal BALB/c mouse and cultured and identified in vitro. The differentiation potency of NSCs was observed by immunnfluorescence. The NSCs infected by MCMV at dosage of multiplicity of infection (MOI) equaled to 5, I and 0. 1, respectively, were cultured in differentiation medium. The morphological changes of the cells were observed by inverted microscope. The ratios of NSCs and its differentiated cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expression changes of nestin, GFAP and NSE, markers of NSCs and its differentiated cells, were studied by immunofluorescence ( MOI = 1 ). The expression of early antigen (EA) of MCMV was detected to observe the infection process. Real-time RT-PCR method was employed to measure the expression levels of the key differentiation genes Wnt-3 and Wnt-7a in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs at early phage of differentiation culture. Results NSCs isolated from embryonic mouse brains could proliferate to form neurnspheres and strongly express Nestin and differentiate into NF-200 positive neurons or GFAP positive astrocytes. The NSCs of the infected groups couldn't adhere to the wall and appear differentia-tion growth, but showed swollen gradually after differentiation culture. The nostin expression of the infected groups downregulated slowly and was higher than that of the control groups ( P < 0.05 ). The GFAP and NSE expression of the infected groups were lower than that of the control groups (P <0.05). The EA of MCMV could be always detected in the cells of the infected groups. The ratios of nestin positive cells of the infected groups were higher than that of the control groups, but the ratios of GFAP and NSE positive cells of the for-mer were lower than that of the latter from 3rd to 9th day after differentiation culture ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of Wnt-3 mRNA and Wnt-7a mRNA of the infected groups were markedly lower than that of the control groups from 1st to 2nd clay and from 12th hour to 2nd day after differentiation culture respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . These changes of the infected groups became more obvious as MCMV MOI increased . Conclusion MCMV could inhibit significantly NSCs differentiate to neurons and astrocytes and lead to the decrease of dif-ferentiated cells. MCMV could inhibit or interfere with the gene expression of Wnt-3 and Wnt-7a in Wnt sig-nal pathway of NSCs. The effect that MCMV inhibited the differentiation and the differentiation gene expres-sion of NSCs showed dose-dependent with MCMV MOI. The inhibitory effect of MCMV on the differentiation of NSCs might be induced by interfering the differentiation gene expression of NSCs, which is possibly the one of primary causes of brain development disorders caused by congenital CMV infection.

Objective To investigate the biological function of M122 in pathogenesis of MCMV in developmental brain disorders and brain damage, screening for mouse brain cDNA library interacting with M122 was performed by a yeast two-hybrid system. Methods The reconstructed bait plasmid pGBKT7-M122 was transformed into yeast cells AH109 and screened on the nutrient deficiency medium SD/-Trp. After express of the bait protein in AH109 yeast strains was detected by Western blot analysis, yeast-two hybrid screening was performed by mating AH109 with Y187 containing mouse brain cDNA library plasmid. The diploid yeast cells were plated on the nutrient deficiency medium SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade. The second screening was performed with SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade containing X-α-gal. The plasmids in positive colonies were extracted and transformed into E. coli JM109 cells. After plasmid DNA in JM109 cells were extracted form positive colonies and sequenced, the results were analyzed by bioinformatic methods. The interactions between M122 protein and the protein obtained from positive colonies were further confirmed by repeating yeast-two hybrid. Then, autoactivations of the proteins obtained from positive colonies were detected.Results The reconstructed bait plasmid was transformed into yeast cells AH109 successfully. The bait protein expressed in the yeast cells AH109 stably. 24 proteins interacting with MCMV M122 were screened, including syntaxin 8 ( Stx8 ), phosphoglucomutase 2 ( Pgm2 ), potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, beta member 1 ( Kcnab1 ), collagen, type ⅪⅩ, alpha 1 ( Col19a1 ), archain 1 ( Arcn1 ), cytidylate kinase( Cmpk), DnaJ(Hsp40) homolog, subfamily A, member 1 (Dnaja1), ATPase, Na+/K + transporting, beta 3 polypeptide( Atp1b3 ), SH3-domain GRB2-like ( endophilin ) interacting protein 1 ( Sgip1 ),ankyrin repeat domain 17 (Ankrd17), Smg-7 homolog, nonsense mediated mRNA decay factor(Smg7),sperm associated antigen 9 ( Spag9 ), FK506 binding protein 1a ( Fkbp1a), MYST histone acetyltransferase monocytic leukemia 4 ( Myst4), hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 ( Hapln1), autophagy-related 3 (Atg3), splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 5 ( Sfrs5 ), zinc finger, C3HC-type containing 1 ( Zc3hc1 ),thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1 ( Txndc1 ), adaptor protein complex AP-1, gamma 1 subunit (Ap1g1), Cullin 1 ( Cul1 ), and so on. Three of them were formerly unknown proteins. M122 protein could interact with the proteins obtained from positive colonies in the yeast cells AH109. Ap1g1 and Cul1 were proved to have autoactivation. Conclusion A class of proteins in brain interacting with M122 has been obtained. It is presumed that these proteins are correlated with neuropathogenesis of the brain disorders caused by CMV, but the candidates still need further confirmation for the interaction.

Objective To study the feature that murine cytomegalovirus(MCMV)infect macrophage strain RAW264.7 and the influence of virus infection on proliferation and apoptosis of RAW264.7 in vitro.Methods RAW was infected by MCMV Smith with multiplicity of infection(MOI)1,0.1 and 0.01,respectivelv.The cells and culture supernatant were collected at 6,12,24,36,48,72,96 and 120 h post-infection(P.i.).Cytopathic effect(CPE)was found with microscope.Virus particles and uhrastructural changes of RAW were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). Early antigen(EA)expression was assaved bv immunohistochemical method.The proliferation of MCMV was studied by plaque formation assay.The influence of virus infection on proliferation and apoptosis of RAW were measured by MTT method and flow cytometry.The mouse embryo fibroblast(MEF)susceptible to MCMV infection was positive contro1.Results RAW was swollen and desquamated on 24-48 h P.i..The full-grown virus particles and swollen organelles in RAW were displayed with TEM.Preliminary positive expression of EA was demonstra ted from 6 h(MOI=1 and 0.1)to 12 h(MOI=0.01)P.i..Virus titer in RAw supernatant increased obviouslv on 24 h p.i.and reached the peak on 96-120 h P.i..The proliferation of RAW could be obviously inhibited by MCMV on 72-120 h p.i..When infected by virus with MOI=0.1,necrotic cells of RAW increased on 72-120 h D.i.and the influence of MCMV infection on apoptosis of RAW was not obvious.Conclusion Macrophage strain RAW264.7 is susceptible to MCMV,and it emerges faster cytolytic and productive infection than MEF.MCMV can inhibit the proliferation of RAW but not influence the apoptosis of it.These results can provide a practical experimental model for studying immunological pathogenic mechanism of cytomegalovirus in vitro.

Hydrolytic amino acids were extracted by acid hydrolysis method, then derivatized with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC). And the samples were analysed by HPLC on an Ultimate Prime C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with gradient elution of 0.1 mol x L(-1) sodium acetate buffer solution (adjusted to pH 6. 5)-acetonitrile (93:7) (A) and acetonitrile-water (8:2) (B) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). Column temperature was 40 degrees C and the detected wavelength was 254 nm. Amino acids derivative solution remained stable in 36 hours. The response was linear for 16 amino acids with a correlation coefficient r > 0.999 5. The average recoveries were 98.01% -101.8%. The method is reliable with good accuracy and repeatability, which is useful for the determination of amino acids in Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; Animals ; Chickens ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; Endothelium ; chemistry ; Gizzard, Avian ; chemistry

Objective To control blood pressure of patients with hypertension grade Ⅰ and to improve life quality by implementing dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) model on them. Methods 33 patients were divided into medication group and control group. In terms of patients' height, weight and daily activities, personal daily menus were designed according to the DASH principle without changing their life styles. BP was recorded before and 6 months after the intervention and compared between the two groups.Results All the 33 patients had significantly lower BP 6 month after the intervention (P ＜ 0. 05). There was no difference of BP between medication group and control group before and 6 months after the intervention(P ＞0. 05). Conclusions DASH model can reduce BP effectively. BP can be controlled by daily diet regulating in patients with mild hypertension.

AIM: The influence of MCMV infection on differentiation and differentiation gene expression in neural stem cells ( NSCs) in vitro were investigated for studying the mechanisms of brain abnormalities caused by congenital cytomegalovirus infection. METHODS: NSCs were separated from fetal BALB/C mouse, and cultured and identified in vitro. The differentiation potency of NSCs was observed by immunofluorescence. The NSCs infected by MCMV at dosage of MOI( multiplicity of infection) equaled to 5, 1 and 0.1 .respectively, were cultured in differentiation medium. The morphological changes of infected cells were observed under inverted microscope. The ratios of NSCs and its differentiated cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of nestin, GFAP and NSE, markers of NSCs and its differentiated cells, were studied by immunofluorescence( MOI = 1). The expression of early antigen ( EA ) of MCMV was detected to observe the infection process. Real - time RT - PCR method was employed to measure the expression levels of the key genes Neurog2, Myc and Ccnd1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs at early stage of differentiation culture. RESULTS: NSCs isolated from embryonic mouse brains proliferated to form neurospheres, strongly expressed nestin and differentiated into NF - 200 positive neurons or GFAP positive astrocytes. The infected NSCs did not adhere to the wall and appeared differentiation growths, but showed swollen gradually after differentiation culture. The nestin expression in the infected cells downregulated slowly and was higher than that in control groups ( P < 0.05). The GFAP and NSE expressions of the infected cells were lower than those in control groups ( P <0.05). The early antigen ( EA) of MCMV was always detected in the cells in infected groups. The ratios of nestin positive cells in infected groups were higher than those in control groups, but the ratios of GFAP and NSE positive cells of former were lower than that of the latter from 3rd to 9th d after differentiation culture(P < 0.05 ). The levels of Neurog2 mRNA and Myc mRNA in infected groups were markedly lower than those in normal control groups on 1st d and from 1st to 4th d after differentiation culture, respectively( P <0.05). The levels of Ccnd1 mRNA of infected groups were obviously lower than those in normal control groups from 12th h to 1st d( P <0.05 ). These changes in infected groups became more obvious as MCMV MOI increased. CONCLUSION: MCMV significantly inhibits differentiation of NSCs to neurons and astrocytes, and leads to the decrease in differentiated cells. MCMV inhibits or interferes with the gene expression of Newog2, Myc and Ccnd1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs. The effect that MCMV inhibits the expressions of differentiation and the differentiation genes in NSCs shows dose - dependent with MCMV MOI. The inhibitory effect of MCMV on the differentiation of NSCs might be induced by interfering with the expression of differentiation gene in NSCs, which is possibly the one of primary causes of brain development disorders induced by congenital CMV infection.

Syndrome differentiation is the character of Chinese medicine (CM). Disease differentiation is the principle of Western medicine (WM). Identifying basic syndromes feature and structure of disease of WM is an important avenue for prevention and treatment of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. The idea here is first to divide all patients suffering from a disease of WM into several groups in the light of the stage of the disease, and secondly to identify basic syndromes feature in a distinct stage, and finally to achieve the purpose of syndrome differentiation. Syndrome differentiation is simply taken as a classifier that classifies patients into distinct classes primarily based on overall observation of their symptoms. Previous clustering methods are unable to cope with the complexity of CM. We therefore show a new multi-dimensional clustering method in the form of general latent structure (GLS) model, which is a suitable statistical learning technique of latent class analysis. In this paper, we learn an optimal GLS model which reflects much better model quality compared with other latent class models from the osteoporosis patient of community women (OPCW) real data including 40-65 year-old women whose bone mineral density (BMD) is less than mean-2.0 standard deviation (M-2.0SD). Further, we illustrate a case analysis of statistical identification of CM syndromes feature and structure of OPCW from qualitative and quantitative contents through the GLS model. Our analysis has discovered natural clusters and structures that correspond well to CM basic syndrome and factors of osteoporosis patients (OP). The GLS model suggests the possibility of establishing objective and quantitative diagnosis standards for syndrome differentiation on OPCW. Hence, for the future it can provide a reference for the similar study from the perspective of a combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation.
Adult ; Aged ; Bone Density ; physiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease ; classification ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Osteoporosis ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Research Design ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syndrome ; Western World