Objective:To analyze the clinical application of navigation bronchoscopy system, and improve the accuracy during routine use.Methods:Through discussing ENB, System composition, clinical application and environment, the paper presents the clinical application standard and working environment standard of the navigation bronchoscopy system.Results:Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy(ENB) combined with the advantages of electromagnetic technology, virtual bronchoscopy and 3D CT reconstruction, which can perform the accurate localization of peripheral pulmonary lesion and mediastinal lymph node to acquire tissue samples for pathological diagnosis. ENB-guided localization can be used in interventional therapy(local injection or radioactive seed implantation).Conclusion:Navigation bronchoscopy system shows the merit of minimally invasive technique and medical visualization. It is a great progress in interventional pulmonology history.

Objective To systematically observe the damage of pancreas and changes of serum amy-lase and lipase in septic rat at different time points after the septic rat model being established. Methods Fifty-four male rats were randomly divided into sham group,sepsis group and normal control group. In the sepsis group,rats were given cecal ligation and puncture so as to produce a model of the rat′s intestinal septic shock. In sham group,after opening the abdominal cavity of the rats,only the cecum was pulled out of the abdominal cavity,then the abdominal cavity was satisfied and stitched. The arterial blood and pancreatic tis-sues of the rats in both sepsis and sham groups were collected for detection of serum amylase and lipase and observation of damage of pancreas by light and electron microscopy at 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h after the model be-ing established. Results The levels of serum amylase of sepsis group showed a rising trend over time,and peaked at 24 h(2 779. 83 U/L), which showed no difference among 4 time points. There was no significant difference of serum amylase among 3 groups at each time point except for 12 h value. The levels of serum li-pase in both sepsis and sham group were higher than that in normal control group at 3 h(P<0. 05),while de-creased to the level of normal control group at 24 h. By light microscope,pathological changes of pancreas in the sham groups were that lobule was slightly widened; mild interstitial edema,vasodilation and a little in-flammatory cell infiltration were occasionally found;most of the lobular structure was complete. In the sepsis group,pancreatic pathological changes aggravated with time prolonged. Pancreatic lobules gap widened,inter-stitial were infiltrated by the inflammatory cell,flocculus brim structure was fuzzy,focal necrosis was found occasionally,islet structure was complete at 3 h. Pancreatic lobule was significantly wider,more inflammatory cell infiltrated,necrosis enlarged at 6 h,and pancreatic lobule was obvious edema,more inflammatory cell in-filtration and focal necrosis were found at 12 h. Vascular of pancreatic lobule was dilatation and congestion, pancreatic lobule and islet edge blurred,more lobular necrosis at 24 h. The modified Schmidt scoring of sham group and sepsis group at 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h were 2. 0,3. 6,3. 4,3. 6 and 4. 6,6. 0,6. 8,7. 6,respectively. By transmission electron microscope,the ultrastructure of pancreatic cell in sham group was normal,mitochondri-al and lysosomal swelling were found occasionally. When in the sepsis group,the nucleus was normal,some mitochondria was swelling and cracking, lysosomes was swelling at 3 h, nucleus was complete, a part of swelling mitochondria and lysosomes appeared vacuolated necrosis at 6 h,and karyopyknosis and chromatin condensation were found,more mitochondria and lysosomes were swelling necrosis and vacuolar degenerated, rough endoplasmic reticulum was swelling at 12 h,cell karyopyknosis and chromatin condensation were obvi-ous,a large number of mitochondria and lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum were swelling, dilatation and vacuolar necrosis at 24 h. The modified Schmidt scoring showed no significant correlation with the levels of serum amylase and lipase in sepsis group(r=0. 472,P=0. 199;r=0. 260,P=0. 499). Conclusion The pancreas was damaged in the septic rat. The pathological changes of pancreas were obvious at 6 h after sepsis onset. The characteristics of the pancreas ultrastructure change includes the changes of the mitochondria and lysosome in the early period,clear vacuoles necrosis of mitochondria and lysosome,and destruction of nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum. There is no significant correlation between pancreatic pathological changes and serum amylase as well as lipase,serum amylase and lipase can′t indicate the extent of pancreas damage in sepsis.

Objective To explore the relationship between cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease and neuropsychological performance by cognitive function assessment.Methods Using a case-control study,45 patients with cerebrovascular steno-occlusive lesions (patient group) and 59 control subjects without cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease were included,36 simple hypertension (hypertension group)and 34 simple diabetes mellitus subjects (diabetes mellitus group) without cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease were also included.A battery of neuropsychological was performed in all subjects.The test battery included tests of memory,executive functions,mental speed,visuospatial ability and visuoconstructive skill,anxietas and depression.Results Patient group showed impairments in multiple cognitive domains compared with other three groups.The immediate recall of auditory verbal learning test (controls 56.8 ± 6.5 ;patient group 48.5 ± 10.1 ;hypertension group 53.5 ±9.0 ;diabetes mellitus group 55.9 ± 7.9;t =-3.57-4.822,P =0.000-0.021) were impaired seriously.Moreover,visual memory Modified Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test immediate recall,long time delayed recall and executive function California cards sorting test were also impaired.Patient group was divided into two subgroups,and neuropsychological tests of these subgroups were compared.Multiple stenosis subgroup had significantly worse performance in tests of verbal memory and some executive functions than the single artery stenosis subgroup.Conclusions Cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease was associated with poorer neuropsychological performance,which could not be explained by vascular risk factors.Multiple stenosis subgroup had lower performance levels in neuropsychological tests than simple stenosis subgroup.Ischemia or hypoperfusion caused by steno-occlusive disease might be responsible for these cognitive impairments.

AIM: To investigate the correlation of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) with renal tubular epithelialcell apoptosis in hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBVGN) and the possible signaling mechanism. METHODS: The activation of JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway and the expression of apoptosis -related proteins in humankindey proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were determined by Western blotting after transfection with HBx eukaryoticexpression vector.The cell proliferation was observed by CCK-8 assay.The cell apoptosis was analyzed by the imagingof HO33342 staining, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry with Annexin V /PI double staining.RESULTS:After transfection of the target gene HBx, the expression levels of both p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were significantly increased.At the same time, the cell proliferation was obviously inhibited, and the apoptotic rate was increased.After incubationwith AG490, the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway was partially blocked, and the cell apoptosis induced by HBx was reduced. CONCLUSION: HBx up-regulates the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway to induce renal tubular epithelialcell apoptosis, which is possibly involved in the pathogenic mechanism that HBV directly damages nephridial tissue .

Objective: To investigate the difference in influencing factors for diabetes between urban and rural residents in Hefei City, so as to provide the basis for control and research of diabetes. Methods: The residents aged 18 years and older were selected using the stratified multistage random sampling method from 5 districts (counties) in Hefei City from August to December 2021. Demographic information, smoking, self-rated health status and sleep duration were collected through questionnaire surveys. Height, body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured. The crude prevalence of diabetes was calculated and standardized by age using China Statistical Yearbook 2022. Factors affecting diabetes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 10 443 residents were investigated, including 6 386 urban residents (61.15%) and 4 057 rural residents (38.85%). There were 4 690 males (44.91%) and 5 753 females (55.09%). Diabetes were detected in 1 492 cases, with a standardized prevalence of 9.57%. The standardized prevalence of diabetes among urban and rural residents were 9.21% and 12.58%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that region, age, educational level, occupation, body mass index and self-rated health status were influencing factors for diabetes. Further analysis stratified by urban and rural area showed that, in addition to the above factors, gender and smoking were influencing factors for diabetes among urban residents, while sleep duration was the influencing factor for diabetes among rural residents (all P<0.05). Conclusions There are urban-rural differences in the prevalence of diabetes among residents in Hefei City, and the prevalence of diabetes is associated with age, educational level, occupation, body mass index and self-rated health status.

Objective To evaluate the relationship of serum levels of interleukin (IL)-36α,IL-36β and IL-36γas well as their receptor antagonist IL-36Ra with disease severity in patients with psoriasis.Methods Venous blood samples were collected from 45 patients with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP),34 patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PV),and 37 healthy human controls.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the serum levels of IL-36α,IL-36β,IL-36γ and IL-36Ra.Nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was conducted to compare the levels of IL-36 and IL-36Ra among these groups,and Spearman's rank correlation analysis to assess the relationship between the serum levels of IL-36 and IL-36Ra and disease severity.Results No statistical difference was observed in the serum levels of IL-36 or IL-36Ra among the patients with GPP,patients with PV,and healthy human controls.The serum levels of IL-36β and IL-36γ (given as the median ± interquartile range) were significantly higher in 27 patients with GPP during episodes of pustules ((12.101 ± 11.315) ng/L and (34.541 ± 15.580) ng/L respectively) and in 7 patients with severe GPP ((11.218 ± 9.318) ng/L and (38.536 ± 17.332) ng/L respectively) than in the healthy human controls ((5.355 ± 9.020) ng/L and (23.052 ± 22.410) ng/L respectively,P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The serum level of IL-36γwas positively correlated with that of IL-36β in patients with GPP,patients with PV,and the healthy human controls (r =0.85,0.86,0.91,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01),and both IL-36β and IL-36γserum levels were lowly and positively correlated with the severity of GPP (r =0.33,0.41,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).A positive correlation was also observed between the serum level of IL-36β and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores in patients with PV (r =0.54,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The serum levels of IL-363 and IL-36γ are lowly and positively correlated with disease severity in patients with GPP,suggesting that IL-36β and IL-36γplay an important role in the pathogenesis of GPP.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ELISPOT (enzyme-link immunospot) test using different samples in diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy. Methods Using T-Spot-TB kit to detect interferon-γlevel in pleural effusion and periph?eral blood from 164 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion and 102 patients without tuberculous pleural effusion. Number of spot forming cells (SFCs) as well as the specificity and sensitivity of the tests were compared between these two methods (ELISPOT using leural effusion or peripheral blood). Results The area under the ROC curve was 0.947 in pleural effusion Elispot test while it was 0.905 in peripheral blood Elispot test. The sensitivity of pleural effusion ELISPOT test in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (95.1%) was significantly higher than that of peripheral blood ELISPOT test (89.0%). What’s more, the specificity of pleural effusion ELISPOT test in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (90.2%) was higher than that in diagno?sis of peripheral blood ELISPOT test (88.2%). Conclusion The pleural effusion ELISPOT test is more valuable than periph?eral blood ELISPOT in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of IBI302 on experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Methods Affinity of IBI302 to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family cytokines (including VEGF-A165,VEGF-A121 and placental growth factor PlGF) and complements (C3b,C4b) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The antagonist effect of IBI302 on VEGF was measured by proliferation,migration and tube formation tests of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).The anti-complement activity of IBI302 was measured by hemolysis test mediated by complement classical pathway and alternative pathway.Rhesus laser-induced CNV model was divided into 5 groups including model control group,bevacizumab group,IBI302 0.25 mg group,IBI302 0.50 mg group and IBI302 1.25 mg group.Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed on these monkeys at 14 and 28 days after drug delivery to observe the fluorescein leakage area and retinal thickness.The aqueous VEGF concentration was measured at 29 days after drug delivery.Results IBI302 showed good affinity to VEGF-A165,VEGF-A121 and PlGF,as well as C3b and C4b.IBI302 significantly inhibited the proliferation,migration and tube formation of HUVEC induced by VEGF-A165.IBI302 inhibited the hemolysis induced by complements obviously.At 14 and 28 days after drug delivery,the area of fluorescein leakage and retinal thickness in IBI302 0.25 mg group,IBI302 0.50 mg group,IBI302 1.25 mg group were reduced.The differences of the area of fluorescein leakage and retinal thickness in three IBI302 groups were not significant (P＞0.05).At 29 days after drug delivery,the VEGF concentration in the aqueous of rhesus monkey in bevacizumab group [(38.644 ± 6.521) pg/ml] was decreased than that in model control group [(94.203± 17.360) pg/ml],the difference was significant (P＜ 0.05).The VEGF concentration in the aqueous of rhesus monkey in three IBI302 groups were less than 31.300 pg/ml.Conclusion IBI302 inhibited experimental CNV through blocking the activity of VEGF and complement.

Objective To study the mechanism of oxidative damage in myocardial tissue after limb ischemia reperfusion (IR), and the protective effects of heme oxygenase-1 on myocardial injury in experimental rats. Method The models of bilateral hind limbs ischemia and reperfusion in rats were established by using tourniquets applied to the roots of both hind limbs until palm blanched and pulseless for 4 hours. A total of 56 SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into 7 groups, namely one normal control group ( n = 8) and 6 ischemia-reperfusion groups as per different lengths of reperfusion time, e. g. 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 8 hrs, 16 h rs and 24 hr ( n = 8 each). The experimental rats were sacrificed after different lengths of reperfusion time. Specimens of myocardium and blood were taken for assays of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and pathological changes of myocardium were observed, and the expressions of HO-1 mRNA in myocardium were detected. Data were analyzed with ANOVA. Results (1) Compared with the control group, the levels of serum MDA and myocardial MDA of rats were increased in all IR groups and were higher (P < 0.05), and the levels of MDA reached the peak after reperfusion for 4 hours. The levels of serum SOD and myocardial SOD in rats of all IR groups were decreased and lower than those in rats of the control group ( P < 0.05), and the levels of serum SOD dropped away to the lowest point after reperfusion for 4 hours, and the levels of myocardial SOD fell off to the bottom after reperfusion for 8 hours. The levels of serum MPO and myocardial MPO were significantly increased in rats of all IR groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum MPO reached peak after reperfusion for 4 hours, and the levels of myocardial MPO were increased to the highest spot after reperfusion for 6 hours. (2) The pathological changes in myocardium showed the most severe damage after reperfusionfor 4-6 hours.(3) After reperfusion for 2 hours, there were no significant differences in the expression of HO-1 mRNA between IR groups and control group (P >0.05), and after reperfusion for 4 hours and over, the expressions of HO-1 mRNA were markedly increased in IR groups and reached peak after reperfusion for 16 hours in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The activation of neutrophils and free radicals may play a primarily adverse role in myocardial injury after limb IR, and the increase in the expression of HO-1 mRNA lessens the harm effects of IR on myocardium.

Objective To explore the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) in normal endometrium, atypical hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma. We aimed to study the relationship of MMP-3 and MMP-10 expressions with infiltration depth, histologic grade and clinical phase in order to explore the role of MMP-3 and MMP-10 in the occurrence, infiltration and metastasis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods The expressions of MMP-3 and MMP-10 were measured by immunohistochemistry in 12 cases of normal endometrium, 12 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 42 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Results The expression of MMP-3 was 73.8% (31/42), 25.0% (3/12) and 8.3% (1/12) in endometrial adenocarcinoma, atypical hyperplasia and normal endometrium, respectively, whereas the expression of MMP-10 was 76.2% (32/42), 33.3% (4/12) and 0(0/12), respectively. Both MMP-3 and MMP-10 expressions exhibited a pattern of decreased intensity in endometrial carcinoma, atypical hyperplasia and normal endometrium. Furthermore, the statistical analysis showed that the expression of both proteins was significantly greater in endometrial carcinoma than in atypical hyperplasia and normal tissue (P<0.01). Expressions of MMP-3 and MMP-10 had a significant correlation with such clinical parameters as histologic grade, depth of myometrial infiltration and clinical stage (P<0.01). Conclusion MMP-3 and MMP-10 can be used as tumor markers of endometrial carcinoma, and the combined detection of them can increase the detection rate of endometrial carcinoma.