Objective:To observe the efficacy of different forms of triamcinolone acetonide( TA) in the treatment of buccal erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP). Methods:120 EOLP patients were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=30) and treated with Kangfuxin mouth-wash followed by topical ointment of( TA) , TA injection, TA mouth-wash and only Kangfuxin mouth-wash only, respectively. Before treatment, 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, the pain (VAS score) and erosion area were measured, the effects were compared among groups. Results:The VAS scores of A, B and C groups were significantly lower than those of the control group after 1, 2 and 4 week treatment, and the total effective rate was significantly higher than that of the control group, respectively(P<0. 05). The VAS score was lower and total effective rate was higher in group A and group B than those in group C(P<0. 05), but there was no statistically sig-nificant difference between group A and B(P>0. 05). The average erosion area of group A and B was significantly smaller than that of the control group after 1, 2 and 4 week treatment(P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between group C and the control group after 1 and 2 week treatment(P>0. 05), but 4 weeks after treatment, the average area of erosion of group C was significantly smaller than that of the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Triamcinolone acetonide is effective in the treatment of OLP and the oral oint-ment form is safe and convenient for OLP treatment.

Acid Etching, Dental ; adverse effects ; Chondroitin ABC Lyase ; chemistry ; Dental Bonding ; Dentin ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Surface Properties

Objective: To combine macroscopical characteristic indices and chemical indices of Andrographis Herba to evaluate its quality grade. Methods: Both macroscopical characteristic indices and chemical indices (the content of four active diterpenoids and the content of ethanol-soluble extractives) of different batches of Andrographis Herba were determined. The macroscopical characteristic indices were encoded using the method of numerical taxonomy, and the content of four active diterpenoids were determined by HPLC. To screen out the appropriate indices for classification, the correlational analyses were conducted between encoded macroscopical characteristic indices and chemical indices. The quality grade was made by principal component clustering analysis according these evaluation indices, and then was analyzed through partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Furthermore, a partial least squares (PLS) regression was constructed for the quality grade prediction of Andrographis Herba. Results: It showed that the samples could be divided into three grades according to the principal component clustering analysis, and was reasonable evaluating by PLS-DA. The PLS regression model for quality grade of Andrographis Herba was constructed as follows: grade Y=3.761-0.020×the leaf content-0.388×the content of andrographolide-1.117×the content of neoandrographolide-0.274×the content of deoxyandrographolide-0.287×the content of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydro-andrographolide-0.302×the content of four active diterpenoids-0.104×the content of ethanol-soluble extractives-0.015×the color of stem-0.008 4×the color of leaf-0.003×the diameter of base part of stem+0.020×the number of branch+0.137×the diameter of the upper stem+0.011×plant height, if Y=0.7-1.3, the predicted quality was grade A, if Y=1.7-2.3, then B grade, and if Y=2.7-3.3, C grade or qualified product. Conclusion: The model of grade evaluation we constructed using principal component clustering analysis combing with PLS regression analysis performed well, which was applicable in evaluating the quality grade of Andrographis Herba and other traditional Chinese medicines. It also provided a new strategy for study on grade standards of traditional Chinese medicines.

Objective To investigate the effect of linezolid on procalcitonin ( PCT) in the treatment of methicillin resistant staphylococcus ( MRS) infection.Methods 85 cases with MRS infection in our hospital were grouped, control group received vancomycin treatment, study group received linezolid, 2 weeks for 1 courses.Clinical effect were compared to explore the linezolid effect of PCT levels in patients with MRS infection.Results After treatment, defervescence time, bacterial clearance time, bacterial clearance rate and 48 hour mortality rate between two groups of patients had no significant difference.Compared with the control group, ICU treatment time in the study group was significantly lower ( P<0.05 ) .There was no significant difference in total effective rate between two groups.After treatment, the PCT and CRP in study group were lower than control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Linezolid has significant function to reduce the serum PCT level of patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection procalcitonin, which has better clinical curative effect.

Objective:The aim of the present study was to conduct an international comparison of the high-val-ue drugs payment systems of some selected countries, and introduce them to the Chinese context. Australia, America and Germany's high-value drugs payment systems were selected to serve as references for China. Methods: The main content and characteristics of three countries' payment systems were analyzed in four aspects:expenditure copayment mode, paid-scope selection, drug price negotiation, and drug rational use management which were then compared with the Chinese status. Results:Through the difference in healthcare system tradition, the above countries have vari-ous copayment mode, but they all select paid-drug by cost-effectiveness analysis with corresponding control measures. Conclusions:China should: establish a co-payment mode for the high-value drugs on the basis of a critical illness medical insurance found;build a national pharmaco-economic evaluation index system and improve the national nego-tiation superiority, while emphasizing on risk-sharing mechanism; and make series specifications to guarantee the drug to be rationally used.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of postmenopausal women with thickening endometrial. Methods Totally 187 patients with postmenopausal endometrial thickening by transvaginal B-ultrasound were divided into symptomatic group (n=104)and asymptomatic group (n=83).Their body mass index,age of menarche and menopause,history of menstruation and reproductive,application of estrogen,and hypertension and diabetes were collected.All the patients underwent hysteroscopy and biopsy procedures. Results There was no difference between two groups in body mass index [ (24.3 ± 3.2) kg/m2 vs.(23.3 ± 2.6) kg/m2,t =3.79,P =0.052]. The postmenopausal time of symptomatic patients in the group was shorter than the asymptomatic [ ( 14.6 ± 2.4) years vs.( 16.5 ± 2.9 ) years,t =4.12,P =0.039].The patients in the asymptomatic group were older than the patients in the symptomatic group [(68.1 ±4.8) years vs.(66.1± 5.5) years,F=3.89,P =0.046].The average endometrial thickness of patients in the asymptomatic group showed no difference compared with patients in the symptomatic group [(7.2 ±1.4) mm vs. (7.8 ± 2.0) mm,F=3.21,P=0.065]. There were 5 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma,1 case of endometrial atypical hyperplasia,38 cases of endometrial polyp,25 cases of submucosal hysteromyoma,14 cases of proliferative phase endometrium in the asymptomatic group;while 8 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma,1 case of endometrial stromal sarcoma,4 cases of endometrial serous papillary carcinoma,5 cases of endometrial atypical hyperplasia,47 cases of endometrial polyps,21 cases of submucosal hysteromyoma,2 cases of uterine empyema,8 cases of chronic inflammation of the endometrium, 8 cases of proliferative phase endometrium in the symptomatic group,respectively. Conclusions Most of endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women are benign lesions, mainly including endometrial polyps and submucous myoma, but endometrial cancer accounts for a certain percentage. Hysteroscopy is minimally invasive,safe and with specificity for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial lesions.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of building core competencies evaluation system among emergency nurses. Methods 170 nursing staff in emergency department were chosen and were investigated about the general situation and previous training and training needs.Before and after training 170 nursing staff were tested for relevant knowledge,and the survival rate of critically ill patients and satisfaction degree of patients were taking for statistics. Results Training needs of core competencies of professional nurses in emergency department were as followed from high to low in sequence:first-aid equipment and facilities,first-aid skills,organization and coordination of emergency response and education and training.For nurses with different nursing work experience,the knowledge level about core competencies was also different,work experience ＞ 5 years was significantly higher than those ≤ 5years,emergency equipment and facilities and knowledge level of first-aid skills showed significant differences.After training,the level of related nursing skills of 170 nurses was better than before,in the rescue of patients,the survival rate and satisfaction degree of patients was significantly higher than before the training. Conclusions Building core competencies evaluation system for emergency nurses and applying it in clinic is feasible and has a positive meaning.

Objective To investigate the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on neurogenesis in after bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in adult rats. Methods Fifteen adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation, 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) and T3 intervention groups (n = 5 in each group ). A chronic cerebral ischemia model was established by the bilateral common carotid artery permanent ligation. Seven days after modeling 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injectied intraperitoneally and the new proliferating cells were labeled. The BrdU positive cells in SVZ were observed using immunofluorescence staining.Results The numbers of BrdU positive cells in the sham operation, 2VO, and T3 intervention groups were 174. 8 ± 18. 5, 325.0 ± 51.0, and 499. 4 ± 30. 8, respectively. There were significant differences among all the groups (F = 101.68, P ＜ 0. 001 ). The numbers of BrdU positive cells in the T3 intervention group were significantly higher than those in the 2VO and sham operation groups (all P ＜0. 001 ). The numbers of BrdU positive cells in the 2VO group were also significantly higher than those in the sham operation group (p ＜0. 001). Conclusions Thyroid hormones may promote neural progenitor cell proliferation in SVZ in adult 2VO rats.

Objective To research an ultrasound imaging workstation based on DICOM so as to construct a patient-centered effective digital hospital.Methods Several interfaces of ultrasound imaging workstation based on DICOM were showed and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.Ultrasound imaging workstation based on DICOM was also compared with that based on video capture card.Results DICOM-based ultrasound imaging workstation gained advantages over the one based on video capture card in availability,resolution and management.Conclusion The workstation may contribute to enhancing clinical efficiency,promoting digital hospital and regional medical image sharing,and thus is worthy popularizing practically.

This paper summarizes the kinds of long term care facilities, service delivery organization, service model, service role and experience of long-term service system in the United States. It provides referral implications for China to explore and establish its own long-term care service system. . There is a variety of long-term care services such as short and long-term stay, adult day care, and home care services, with a gradual change from institutional services to home and community ones. Long-term care services are provided by paid both formal and mostly unpaid informal caregivers. Informal family caregivers are most frequently daughters (29. 3%), followed by spouses with (21. 2%). With the increased availability of the family and community-based services, the family caregivers are more likely to share long term care services with the paid formal ones. The United States has a well-structured long-term care service system whose access mechanism is rigorous and systematic, emphasizing the evaluation of service quality and effectiveness. Moreover, the U. S. long term care service system pays more attention on elders' wishes, respecting their preferences and rights of choice on the services. Based on the experience of the United States, China should primarily focuses on establishing a family and community-based long term care service system with a variety of service delivery facilities, give a full play to the community health facilities, social partners, and families. The Chi-nese government should not only give a focus to the service institutions and content diversification, but should as well establish a sound and detailed assessment and evaluation standard system to access the services and assure the effec-tiveness of service quality with a humanized concern.