OBJECTIVETo improve the sample collection methods and bacteriologic localization patterns in male genital tract infection, and to investigate the influence of specimen collection and pathogen isolation on the diagnosis and treatment of prostatitis.

METHODSWe collected the samples of the initial urinary stream, the third portion of the urinary stream, expressed prostatic secretion (ESP), and semen from 200 adult males with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms, inoculated them quantitatively in culture media for isolation of microorganisms, and evaluated their laboratory diagnostic significance according to the count of colonies and distribution of the isolates.

RESULTSA total of 468 strains of microorganisms were isolated from the samples, including 414 strains of bacteria spp (88.5%), 12 strains of fungi spp (2.6%), 40 strains of mycoplasma spp (8.5%), and 2 strains of chlamydia spp (0.4%). Pathogens were isolated from the ESP in 66 cases (33.0%), from the semen in 34 cases (17.0%), and from both the ESP and semen in 100 cases (50.0%). Only 1 species of pathogen was found in the ESP samples of 36 cases (18.0%), in the semen samples of 20 cases (10%), and in both the ESP and semen samples of 39 cases (19.5%); 2 species in the ESP samples of 30 cases (15.0%), in the semen samples of 14 cases (7.0%), and in both the ESP and semen samples of 60 cases (30.0%); and 3 species in both the ESP and semen samples of 1 case (0.5%).

CONCLUSIONMultiple microbial infection (MMI), multi-organ infection (MOI) and drug-resistance strains infection are common in patients with prostatitis-like symptoms, frequently leading to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in clinic and laboratory, and affecting the effect of antimicrobial therapy. MMI and MOI can be diagnosed and differentially diagnosed with the improved sample collection methods and bacteriologic localization patterns.

Adult ; Bacterial Load ; Chronic Disease ; Genital Diseases, Male ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Reproductive Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Semen ; microbiology ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Urethra ; microbiology

Objective:To establish a Crownpak CR( +)-HPLC method for the determination of the content and related substance of valacyclovir hydrochloride dispersible tablets. Methods: A Crownpak CR( +) [4. 0 mm × 150 mm,5 μm,DAICEL CROWNPAK CR( +)] column was used,and the mobile phase was 0. 1% perchloric acid in water. The flow rate was 0. 75 ml·min-1 and the de-tection wavelength was 255 nm. Results: A good linear range of valacyclovir hydrochloride was 11. 25-180. 00 μg · ml-1 ( r =1. 000 0), and the average recovery was 99. 0%(RSD=0. 8%, n=9). A good linear range of alacyclovir was 0. 2-50μg·ml-1(r=1. 000 0), and the average recovery was 99. 3%(RSD=0. 6%, n=9). The content of the tablets from two pharmaceutical companies was 92. 7% and 97. 4%, respectively, that of acyclovir calculated by an external standard method was 0. 5% and 0. 4%, respectively, and that of D-valacyclovir calculated by a self-control method was 0. 9%. Conclusion:The method can effectively separate valacyclovir and D-valacyclovir, which is simple, accurate and reliable, and suitable for the quantity control of valacyclovir hydrochloride.

Objective To evaluate the modification of C_(60) on the radiation effects of ~(60)Co-γ irradiation on zebrafish.Methods The adult and embryonic zebrafish were used as model organisms to examine the potential of C_(60) to elicit oxidative stress responses on the surviving rate,hatching rate and malformation occurrence,both upon exposure to light or in the dark.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage were examined as the possible underlying mechanism.Results 500 × 10~(-9) nano-C_(60) waterborne exposure could enhance the γ-irradiation effects by decreasing adult fish survival upon light exposure,which resulted in ROS and DNA damage increasing.The hatching rates were also inhibited with higher malformation,though dark exposure did not make any enhancement,except that the 5000× 10~(-9) C_(60) would inhibit larvae hatching and induced more malformation.Conclusions Waterborne nano-C_(60) exposure may enhance the radiation effects on zebrafish,ROS production and DNA damage increasing may be the underlying mechanism.

Objective To construct nursing sensitive indicators applicable to operating room,in order to provide standard and quantitative basis for nursing quality monitoring in operating room.Methods Based on American's National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) and literature review,the key content of indicators and scientific measurement methods were determined by one round of internal inquiry and two rounds of expert consultation using Delphi technique.Results Operating room nursing quality sensitive indicators system was constructed,which contained 14 indicators.The expert authority coefficients were greater than 0.80 and the variation coefficients of each index were less than 0.3.The results were reliable.Conclusion A set of specialized,sensitive and practical nursing sensitive indicators were needed to facilitate sustainable development of operating room.

Objective To develop a combination of molluscicide/insecticide with a good molluscicidal effect, especially an inhibitory effect on climbing upward of Oncomelania hupensis . Methods Experiments on molluscicidal and snail climbing inhibition effect of the combination of niclosamide and shachongding [(dimethylamine) trithacyclohexane hydrochloride] were conducted by immersion and spraying in laboratory. Results The combination of niclosamide (0.2 mg/L) and shachongding (0.1 mg/L) showed an inhibition of 92.67% of snails to climb up. There was no significant difference in molluscicidal effect between the combination (LC 90 0.198 mg/L) and niclosamide alone (LC 90 0.207 mg/L). Conclusion The combination showed an effective inhibition on the climbing upward of snails in water so as to improve the molluscicidal effect and reduce the cost of mollusciciding.

There are some problems in the teaching of medical physics course,such as low learning initiative,deficient grasp of concept,and obstacles to realize the internalization and practical application of knowledge.The PAD (presentation-assimilation-discussion) class is applied in the course,in order to improve the students' learning state.PAD class is a teaching mode proposed from a psychological point,which advocates that teaching is the first before students start to learn and has an equal treatment on students' discussions and teachers' instruction,supporting independent learning.The teaching measures include:selecting course content to reach the balance between simplification and detailed interpretation;assigning open homework based on the course;dividing the class discussion into four steps;assessing students based on the performances of homework and final examinations.The research has shown that the PAD class facilitates improving the students' initiative of study and promoting the absorption and application of knowledge.

With homology cloning approaches coupling with RACE (rapid-amplification of cDNA ends) techniques, the full-length coding sequence of pathogenesis-related protein PR10-1 with differential expression was cloned from the total RNA of the root of Panax notoginseng, and its function was explored furtherly. As a result, the longest 465 bp ORF (named as PnPR10-1 with the Accession No. KJ741402 in GenBank) was detected from the cloned sequence with full-length of cDNA of 863 bp. The corresponding peptide encoded consisted of 155 amino acids, contained some domains such as Bet-v-I, and showed high similarity with that from Panax ginseng by analysis of phylogenetic trees created from the alignments. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of PnPR10-1 gene was constitutive in different tissues of 1-3 year old plant, suggesting that it might be involved in growth, development, and secondary metabolism; yet it was up-regulated significantly with the infection of Fusarium oxysporum in root, suggesting that it might be involved in defense against many diseases including root rot in P. notoginseng.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Genes, Plant ; Glycoside Hydrolases ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Panax notoginseng ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Plant Roots

Objective:To evaluate the effects of periodontitis on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in pancreas of rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Methods:Spontaneously type 2 diabetic OLETF rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:diabetes with or without periodontitis(diabetes group and combination group).LETO rats with the same germline and the same age but having normal glucose tolerance were randomly divided into control group and periodontitis group.20 weeks after periodontitis were established,all the rats were sacrificed and the pancreas were pathologically examined by HE staining.The expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in the pancreas islet were detected by immunohistochemistry staining and semi-quantitative analysis.Results:The expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in the pancreas islet was no significant difference between control and periodontitis groups(P=0.324,P=0.091,P=0.852).Compared with diabetes group,the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 in combination group showed a significant increase(P=0.000,P=0.000),and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased(P=0.022).Conclusion:Under healthy conditions,periodontitis has no effect on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in rat pancreas islet.However,in rats with diabe-tes,periodontitis may affect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in pancreas islet.

AIM: To study the effect of cigarette smoke medium(CSM) on the gene expression and activity of gelatinases from alveolar macrophages(AMs) in the rat,and then to explore their role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).METHODS: AMs were obtained from BALF of the rats that had smoked for 12 weeks.CSM was produced following the method of Wirtz and colleagues,and the cultured AMs were respectively stimulated for 24 h by 0%,1%,3%,5%,10%, 15% CSM.The mRNA levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR,and the enzyme activity was measured by Zymography.RESULTS: When the concentration of CSM was below 5%,the expression and activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 signficantly increased with the concentration of CSM in a dose-depended manner(P

Background and purpose:Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with K-ras mutation won’t benefit in the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatments. Thus K-ras mutation analysis is mandatory before this treatment. There is controversy that K-ras mutation analysis should be performed on primaries or related metastases. The aim of our study was to evaluate the concordance of K-ras status between primary and related metastases tumors, thus investigate the validity and rigorousness of clinical K-ras testing. Methods:Seventy-six patients with confirmed mCRC treated in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were enrolled. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, tumor specimens with paired primary tumors and related metastatic sites were put into sequencing analysis. And the K-ras mutation status in exon 2 was assessed. Results: K-ras mutation was detected in 31 out of 76 primary tumours (40.8%) and also 40.8%of the metastatic sites. But discordance was found between primary tumor and metastasis in 15 cases (19.7%):8 primary tumors had a K-ras mutation with a wild-type metastasis, meanwhile 7 primary tumors were wild type with a K-ras-mutated metastasis. Conclusion:Our study indicated that quite a few mCRC cases have different K-ras status between primary tumors and related metastatic sites, and it’s not very rigorous to choose the anti-EGFR treatments merely according to the primary tumor-K-ras mutation.Further study and consultation are needed on this problem.