Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasonographic measurement of the antral crosssectional area (CSA) in assessing the preoperative gastric content volume in preschool pediatric patients.Methods Fifty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ pediatric patients of both sexes,aged ＜7 yr,undergoing elective non-gastrointestinal surgery,were fasted according to the preoperative fasting guidelines recommended by American Society of Anesthesiologists.Sedation was performed with intravenously injected midazolam or with intravenously injected midazolam and propofol after admission to the operating room.The antral CSA in the supine and right lateral decubitus positions was measured using bedside ultrasonography and free tracing method.A gastric tube was inserted after gastric sonography to collect the gastric fluid,and the total volume of the gastric fluid was considered to be the gastric content volume.Results Six pediatric patients were excluded due to the unsatisfactory ultrasound image,and 44 pediatric patients were included.Gastric content volume and gastric content volume per kilogram of body weight were positively correlated with the antral CSA in the right lateral decubitus position,and the Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.48 (P＜0.01) and 0.37 (P＜0.05),respectively.There was no correlation between gastric content volume and gastric content volume per kilogram of body weight and the antral CSA in the supine position (P＞0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonographic measurement of the antral CSA in the right lateral decubitus position can be used to assess the preoperative gastric content volume in preschool pediatric patients.

Objective To study the effect of different iodine nutrition on thyroid function in adult and pregnant women.Methods A random sampling method was used to select healthy adult and pregnant woman from the communities of coastal city,coastal rural and inland rural areas in Liaoning Province.Drinking water,urine and salt samples were collected to measured urinary iodine (U I),salt iodine (SI) and water iodine content.Fasting venous blood was collected to measured thyroid stimulate hormone (TSH),freethyroxine (FT4),free triiodothyronine (FT3),thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) with the method of immunoassay chemical luminescence.Results A total of 150 salt samples were collected,means of SI was (30.1 ± 6.0)mg/kg.A total of 72 pregnant woman and 271 adults were investigated in iodized salt supplied regions.median UI of pregnant woman and adults were 176.3,203.2 μg/L.Iodine nutrition of pregnant women and coastal region adults was in an adequate level.Means of SI of inland adults(244.4 μg/L) was higher than appropriate level but not reached the excessive level.FT4 of the adults (11.7 pmol/L) and pregnant women (10.7 pmol/L) in inland regions were slightly higher than that of coastal city,rural adults(11.2,8.6 pmol/L) and pregnant women (10.9,9.6 pmol/L).TSH,FT3 and FT4 were not statistically different between regions (all P ＜ 0.05).But UI,FT4 and FT3 levels of pregnant women(176.3 μg/L,9.5 pmol/L,4.3 pmol/L) were significantly lower than that of the adults(203.2 pμg/L,11.3 pmol/L,4.7 pmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05).Hypothyroxinemia(4.4％,10/173) was higher than that of the inland adults (2.0％,2/98,P ＜ 0.05).And all hypothyroxinemia were found in women of childbearing age.Hypothyroxinemia prevalence of pregnant women(16.7％,12/72) was higher than that of adults(4.4％,12/271,P ＜ 0.05),The prevalence of hypothyroidism,hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism between the 3 regions adults and pregnant women were not statistically different (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Under appropriate supply conditions of iodized salt,iodine nutrition and thyroid function are closely related.Pregnant women and women of childbearing age are at risk of iodine deficiency.The thyroid function of these people should be strengthen detect.

Objective:To study the expression and physiological significance of water channel proteins in human T lymphocytes.Methods:AQP0-9 mRNA and protein in inactivated and activated human T lymphocytes were analyzed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and Western blot.Results:No AQP was expressed in inactivated lymphocytes.However,AQP3 mRNA and protein were expressed in PHA activated T lymphocytes.Conclusion:Water and glycerol transport mediated by AQP3 may be important in T lymphocyte activation.

Actins ; metabolism ; Breast ; cytology ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonographic measurement of the subglottic airway diameter in selecting the cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT) size for the pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.Methods Sixty pediatric patients of both sexes with congenital heart disease,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ,aged 1 month-7 yr,undergoing elective open heart surgery,were included in this study.The subglottic airway diameter was measured by bedside ultrasonography after induction of anesthesia.The outer diameter of the cuffed ETT was determined according to the subglottic airway diameter.The air leak test was performed after intubation to determine whether or not the ETT size selected based on ultrasonography was appropriate.When the difference between the inner diameter of the finally selected ETT and the result calculated by the Motoyama formula was less than 0.2 mm,the ETT size selected based on the Motoyama formula was considered appropriate.The agreement and correlation between the subglottic airway diameter measured by age-based formula and ultrasonography and the outer diameter of the actually selected ETT were analyzed using Bland-Altman plot and Passing-Bablok regression analysis.Results The accurate rate of the ETT selected based on the ultrasonic measurement and Motoyama formula were 80％ and 55％,respectively,and there was significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonographic measurement of the subglottic airway diameter produces higher accuracy than the classical Motoyama formula in selecting the cuffed ETT size for the pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.

A high-product superoxide dismutase(SOD)bacterial strain was first obtained from the soil around the warm spring of Changbai Mountain,which is alkaline-resistant.The nature analysis by the inhibition of H2O2 and chloroform-ethanol indicated that the SOD was Mn-SOD.It belongs to bacillus genus by the modal character,physiological and biochemical character.The phylogenetic analyses based on 16SrDNA sequence indicated that the strain 110-2 was closed to Bacillus sp.MO6 with 100% identity and 99% with Bacillus licheniformis.According to the sodA sequence of Bacillus licheniformis and conservative regions of many kinds of bacillus,which were published in GenBank,two pairs of primers were designed and the complete sequence of Mn-SOD(600bp)and the core fragment(430bp)were amplified by PCR techniques.The recombinant plasmid pMD18-SOD was built successfully.

OBJECTIVETo study the morphologic classification of mammary ductal hyperplasia, and its criteria and the significance in distinguishing atypical hyperplasia from carcinoma-in-situ.

METHODSThe clinicopathologic features of 300 cases of hyperplasia of breast were reviewed. Whole-organ H&E sections were also available in 86 cases of breast carcinoma. The occurrence of atypical hyperplasia in adjacent breast tissue was assessed.

RESULTSFibroadenomatoid changes were typically observed in the 21-30 age groups and atypical hyperplasia occurred more frequently in 40-60 age groups. Amongst the hyperplastic cases, cystic diseases of the breast were noted in only 6%. In contrast, fibroadenomatoid changes were more common (25.4%). Atypical ductal hyperplasia occurred in adjacent breast tissue of 65.1% of the carcinoma cases. The incidence was higher (74.9%) if the main lesion was ductal carcinoma-in-situ.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a close association between atypical hyperplasia and breast carcinoma. It is prudent to distinguish between usual and atypical hyperplasia. Morphologic differentiation between atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma-in-situ may sometimes be difficult.

Adult ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma in Situ ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology

Objective To investigate the various factors that influencing the flap thickness after laser operation in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods 369 LASIK eyes (192 cases;among them, 15 patients for surgery monocular) with M2 130 microkeratome heads, grouped by left or right eye were analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis based on age, sex, occupation, family history of myopia and ophthalmologic examination results before and after LASIK. The result of analysis of one-way variance which P＜0.05 as the variance to described with logistic regression analysis. Results Results from logistic regression analysis showed that the flap thickness after LASIK of right eye group was related to two factors: the preoperative refractive power (P = 0. 017, OR = 0. 832,95% CI : 0. 715-0. 968), and the corneal thickness ( P = 0. 000, OR = 1. 023,95% CI : 1.011-1. 036) while left eye group was related to three factors: the preoperative astigmatism power (P = 0.044, OR = 2.094, 95% CI: 1.021-4.294),negative pressure suction time ( P = 0. 019, OR = 1. 418,95% CI : 1. 059-1. 898) and the corneal thickness(P = 0. 000, OR = 1. 049, 95% CI : 1. 025-1. 073 ). Conclusion Corneal thickness, the preoperative astigmatism power and the negative pressure suction time tended to make the flap thicker while the preoperative refractive power tended to make the flap thinner. Results showed that the flap thickness performed at the first time was more obvious than at the second time.[ Key words] Laser in situ keratomileusis; Flap thickness; Multi-factor analysis

Air Pollution ; China ; Cohort Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and role of miRNA-126/miRNA-126(*) in the fetal lung development of rats.

METHODSTwelve pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and the fetal rats were removed at 16, 19 and 21 days of gestation respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe lung morphology of fetal rats. Then microRNA (miRNA) microarray was used to study the expression patterns of miRNA-126/miRNA-126(*) in fetal lungs at the three time points. And miRNA-126(*) was selected for further study by real-time PCR.

RESULTSThere was no evident difference in the expression of miRNA-126 among the three groups, however the expression level of miRNA-126(*) increased gradually as the fetal lung developed. The real-time PCR result further showed that expression of miRNA-126(*) increased gradually with lung development, displaying significant differences among the three groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSmiRNA-126(*) may play an important role in development of the fetal lung in rats.

Animals ; Female ; Lung ; embryology ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; analysis ; physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction