Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Personnel, Hospital ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation on radiation induced lung injuries of apoptosis,acute inflammation,and oxidative stress by establishing a rat mechanical ventilation model and animal model.Methods Totally 40 male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 rats in each group:control,radiation alone,high tidal volume ventilation,and high tidal volume ventilation following by radiation.After treatment,the pathological changes in lung tissue were observed,NF-κB activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA),the expression of NF-κB subunit P65 protein level in lung cell nucleus was detected by Western blot,and the apoptosis of lung cells was detected by terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.The wet to dry weight ratio (W/D) of lung,myeloperoxidase (MPO),malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected.In addition,the total protein and white blood cell number in lung lavage fluid were also measured.Results Compared to the control,the acute lung injury (ALI) score,W/D ratio,MPO activity,total protein level,white blood cell number,apoptosis index (AI),lung tissue MDA,NF-κB activity and P65 protein expression were increased significantly (q =0.000 32-0.004 81,P ＜0.05),while SOD values was decreased significantly (q =0.000 18-0.002 53,P ＜0.01),in other three groups.Compared with radiation and high tidal volume ventilation group,the above indexes were significantly higher (q =0.004 3-0.022 6,P ＜ 0.05) but the SOD value was significantly lower (q =0.002 9-0.008 3,P ＜ 0.05) than those in the high tidal volume ventilation plus radiation group.Conclusions High tidal volume ventilation delivered to the radiation group produced more transparent ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) than the high tidal volume ventilation alone induced VILI including permeable pulmonary edema,acute inflammation,oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung.

Objective To further investigate the accuracy of the real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE) in evaluating right ventricular(RV) systolic function.Methods RT-3DE,MRI and SPECT were used to study a total 30 patients including 10 with coronary artery disease,7 with hypertension,5 with cardiomyopathy,5 with atrial septal defect,and 3 with pulmonary hypertension.The RV end-diastolic volume(RVEDV),RV end-systolic volume(RVESV),RV stroke volume(RVSV) and RV ejection fraction(RVEF) were measured.The correlation and the difference between different modalities were compared.Results RT-3DE had a good correlation with MRI in RVEDV,RVESV,RVSV and RVEF (rEDV =0.811,rESV =0.837,rSV =0.818,and rEF =0.701).Also RT-3DE had a correlation with SPECT in RVEDV,RVESV,and RVSV(rEDV =0.526,rESV =0.493,rSV =0.514),but there was no correlation between RT-3DE and SPECT in RVEF (rEF =0.235).Conclusions RT-3DE can assess RV systolic function accurately.

cuses tumors. Survivin seems to be a promising marker for analyzing clinical stages and predicting the prognosis of TCC.

Objective To track the migration and incorporation of intravenously injected, magneti?cally labeled endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs) from mouse bone marrow into the blood vessels in a rapid?ly growing HCC model by microMR (7.0 T). Methods This study was approved by the Institutional Com?mittee on Animal Research. H22 hepatic ascitic cancer cells was directly injected into the left liver lobe of BALB/c nude mice ( n=15) . EPCs derived from bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice were isolated and cultured. The third passage EPCs were collected and labeled with 25 μg/ml superparamagnetic iron oxide ( SPIO) and poly?l?lysine (PLL) complex (SPIO?PLL). MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the difference of growth curve and apoptosis between labeled and unlabeled EPCs. EPCs labeled with SPIO?PLL were injected into mice via tail vein in experiment group (on the 3rd day after establishing HCC model) (n=15) and control group (n=6). The signal changes of tumor (the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after transplantation) were observed by microMR. Prussian blue staining and immunohistochemistry staining of CD31 were per?formed. MRI findings were confirmed by histomorphology. Two?sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results Single tumor was showed in the liver of all mice 3 d after establishing models. Labeling with SPIO?PLL at a concentration of 25μg/ml did not alter cell growth curve ( measured by MTT assay;t=0.281, P>0.05) and cell apoptosis (analyzed by flow cytometry). The apoptosis rates of SPIO?PLL labeled and un?labled EPCs were (12.31±1.43)% and (11.57±1.24)% in early stage, and (0.55±0.07)% and (0.49± 0?05)% in late stage. No significant differences were observed between them (t=0.967, 1.060; both P>0?05) . Migration and incorporation of transplanted and labeled cells into tumor were documented with in vivo microMR as low signal intensity at the tumor periphery as early as the 3rd day after EPCs administration in preformed tumors (4/5). Prussian blue staining showed iron?positive cells at the sites corresponding to low signal intensity on MRI. The positive cells expressing CD31 existed in intratumoral and peritumoral vessels. There was no signal change in control group at all time points. Conclusions MRI can demonstrate the in?corporation of magnetic labeled mouse EPCs into the implanted hepatoma. It may be helpful for early diagno?sis and therapy of liver tumor.

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Objective To evaluate the role of p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway in dexmedetomidine against neurotoxicity induced by bupivacaine.Methods Seventy-two adult male SD rats,successfully implanted with intrathecal catheter without complications,were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group (group C);p38MAPK inhibitor group(group SB);dexmedetomidine group (group D);bupivacaine group (group B);dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine group (group DB);p38MAPK inhibitor and bupivacaine group (group SBB).DMSO 20 μl were injected intrathecally in group C;p38MAPK inhibitor 30 μg and 5% bupivacaine were respectively injected intrathecally in group SB and B;group DB and SBB were respectivel pretreated with dexmedetomidine 75 μg/kg intraperitoneally and p38MAPK inhibitor 30 μg intrathecal injection 20 min before intrathecally injected 5% bupivacaine.Dexmedetomidine 75 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in group D.Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured before intrathecal catheter was implanted (T0),before intrathecal administration (T1) and at 4,8 and 12 h and on 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 days after intrathecal administration (T2-T10).At 24 h after intrathecal administration,6 rats were randomly chosen from each group and sacrificed.The lumbar segment (L4-5) of the spinal cord was removed for detecting neuronal apoptosis (by TUNEL) and phosporylated p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK) expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with T0,MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at T2-T9 in group B,MWT at T2-T7 was significantly increased and TWL at T2-T6 was prolonged in group DB,MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at T2-T5 in group SBB (P<0.05).Compared with group C,no significant difference was found in MWT,TWL,the apoptotic index and expression of p-p38MAPK in groups D and SB.MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at T2-T9 in group B,the apoptotic index and expression of p-p38MAPK were significantly increased in group B (P<0.05).Compared with group B,MWT and TWL at T2-T9,the apoptotic index and expression of p-p38MAPK were significantly decreased in groups DB and SBB (P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can inhibit spinal neurotoxicity induced by bupivacaine in rats via inhibiting apoptosis in spinal cord,and inhibition of p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway may be involved in the underlying mechanism.

Objective Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) has been reported with a close correlation with tumor multi-drug resistance. Real-time quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) was performed to detect the MRP1 gene expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its clinical signiifcance was analyzed. Methods Sixty-seven denovo ALL patients and 10 healthier children as bone marrow donor were studied. The chemotherapy was given according to CCLG-2008 protocol. SPSS software was employed to analyze the data and p-value below 0.05 was regarded as statistic signiifcance. Results MRP1 expression level showed a close correlation with ALL risk, the median of MRP1 expression was 4.28 (2.75~6.12), 5.62 (4.99~8.60) and 7.56 (3.66~11.13) for standard-risk group (SR), intermediate-risk group (IR) and high-risk group (HR), respectively. MRP1 mRNA expression in T-ALL group was 7.71 (6.49~14.35), which is higher than that of B-ALL (5.18(3.89~8.46)) (P<0.01). The rate of leukemia cells’ sensitivity to prednisone on 7th day was 70.6%in high expression group (n=34), which was signiifcantly lower than that in low expression group (n=33, 90.9%, P=0.035). The complete remission rateon 33th day was 64.7%in high expression group, and 87.9%in low expression group, which showed a signiifcant difference between them (P=0.026). Conclusions In children ALL, the expression of MRP1 is closely related with immunophenotyping, treatment response, hazard level and disease relapse.

Objective To investigate the expression of TGF-β activated kinase1 (TAK1),phosphoryted TAK1 (p-TAK1) and the density of tumor associated macrophages (TAM) in human pancreatic carcinoma tissues and pairing adjacent normal pancreatic tissues,and explore their relationship.Methods The expression of TAK1,p-TAK1,CD68 (the marker of tumor associated macrophages) proteins in 57 samples of pancreatic cancer tissues and 35 samples of pairing adjacent normal pancreatic tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method,then the density of TAM was evaluated.The relationship between the protein expression and TAM,and the relationship between them and clinicopathologic parameters were examined using SPSS 18.0 software,and the independent risk factors of TNM staging were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results TAK1 and p-TAK1 were positively expressed in 42.1％ (24/57) and 40.4％ (23/57) pancreatic carcinoma tissues,significantly higher than adjacent normal pancreatic tissues [14.3 ％ (5/35) and 11.4％ (4/35)];the proportion of pancreatic carcinoma tissues with high density TAM was 38.6％ (22/57),higher than that of adjacent pancreatic tissues [8.6％ (3/35)],the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).TAK1 expression was positively related to tumor size,tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and clinical staging;p-TAK1 expression was positively related to tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and clinical staging;the density of TAM was positively related tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and clinical staging (all the P values were less than 0.05).The expression of TAK1 and p-TAK1were positively correlated with the density of TAM (P ＜0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high density of TAM was independently associated with advanced clinical staging (P =0.002,OR =129.5,95％ CI 6.2 ～2718.6).Conclusions TAK1 pathway and TAM may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer,and there may be synergy effect between them.

Objective To investigate the mechanical properties of human enamel based on resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS).Methods The rectangular parallelepiped specimens of human enamel were processed.The theoretical resonant frequencies of specimens were estimated and paired with the experimental resonant fre quencies measured from RUS experiments.An iterative procedure was used to adjust elastic constants of enamel until the theoretical frequencies corresponded to the experimental frequencies based on minimum mean-squared error criterion.In addition,elastic modulus,shear modulus and Poisson's ratio were calculated respectively.Results The elastic modulus,shear modulus and Poisson's ratio ranged from 61.52 to 80.46 GPa,21.51 to 51.86 GPa and 0.18 to 0.43,respectively.Eliminating the effect of large specimen variances,the average of elastic modulus,shear modulus and Poisson's ratio was 72.84 GPa,31.94 GPa and 0.27,respectively.Conclu sions RUS performs a feasibility of measuring the mechanical properties of human enamel with repeatable and nondestructive advantages.All the elastic constants and mechanical parameters can be estimated through a sig nal experiment.The results provide references for the development of biomimetic dental restoration materials.