Alveolar echinococcus can be found in various organs of the body,with the liver as the most common organ.This article briefly elaborates on the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.The diagnosis of this disease includes epidemic areas,serology,ultrasound,imaging examination,and pathological diagnosis,and its treatment includes radical hepatectomy,palliative hepatectomy,liver transplantation,high-intensity focused ultrasound,radiofrequency ablation,ultrasound-or CT-guided percutaneous biliary drainage,and pharmacotherapy.Regular screening,early diagnosis,and a combination of prevention and treatment should be performed for the high-risk population in epidemic areas to improve prognosis and prolong survival time.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of needling the Chorea Trembling Control Area in treating Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Methods Sixty patients with PD were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by needling the Chorea Trembling Control Area plus oral administration of Levodopa and Benserazide Hydrochloride;while the control group was by oral administration of Levodopa and Benserazide Hydrochloride alone. The clinical efficacies were compared after 3 treatment courses. Results After intervention, the Webster scores were significantly changed in both groups (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in comparing Webster score between the two groups after intervention (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.0%in the treatment group versus 83.0%in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Acupuncture at the Chorea Trembling Control Area plus medi-cation is an effective method in treating PD.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus auricular point sticking in improving tobacco withdrawal symptoms after smoke cessation. Method Forty-eight patients with tobacco withdrawal symptoms were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 24 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus auricular point sticking, while the control group was by auricular point sticking. The daily consumption of tobacco, Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and Self-rating Scale of Tobacco Dependence (SSTD) were observed before and after intervention, and the smoke cessation rate was also compared. Result The smoke cessation rate was 83.3%in the treatment group versus 54.2%in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After intervention, the daily consumption of tobacco and SSTD score in the treatment group were significantly changed and markedly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). The FTND scores were significantly changed after intervention in both groups (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in comparing the FTND score between the two groups after intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus auricular point sticking can improve the tobacco withdrawal symptoms.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum inflammatory mediators in septic rats. Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(10 rats)and sepsis group (20 rats). The model of sepsis was made by cecal ligation and puncture. Carotid artery blood samples were taken from the sham operation group,and from sepsis group at 0,24,48,72 h after model establishment. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect the content of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF α), interleukin 1(IL-1),interleukin element 6(IL-6). Results Serum TNF-α content in the sham operation group was(9. 27 ± 3. 12)ng/ L,and(9. 26 ± 8. 01),(32. 01 ± 4. 52),(55. 22 ± 7. 61),(83. 31 ± 8. 57)ng/ L respectively at 0,24,48,72 h after model establishment in sepsis group. There were significant difference between sham operation group and sepsis group at different time points(P < 0. 01). Serum IL-1in sham operation group was(8. 93 ± 1. 26)ng/ L,lower than that in sepsis group model at 0,24,48,72 h after model establishment ((20. 01 ± 3. 51),(25. 51 ± 2. 79),(59. 67 ± 3. 26),(87. 86 ± 11. 51)ng/ L respectively),and the differences were significant(P < 0. 01). The serum IL-6 level in sepsis group at 0,24,48,72 h after model establishment were(11. 52 ± 2. 32),(31. 59 ± 12. 12),(57. 27 ± 13. 53),(71. 59 ± 12. 67)ng/ L,respectively,different from that of sham operation group((12. 36 ± 3. 25)ng/ L,(P < 0. 01)). Conclusion The serum transmitter levels in septic rats significantly increase,which suggest that a lot of inflammatory mediators are released,and it may be one of the factors for the occurrence of sepsis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism for the curative effect of douching with nasal sinuses perfusate in treating chronic sinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery.MethodsSeventy-six chronic sinusitis patients after endoscopic sinus surgery were divided into treatment group and control group by random digits table with 38 cases each.Every group was given postoperatively sinus flush,treatment group was flushed with nasal sinuses perfusate,while contro group was flushed with 0.9％ sodium chloride.Therapeutic effect was evaluated after two months.The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared and the inflammation factor levels and changes of sinus mucosa were observed before and after treatment.ResultsIn treatment group,there were 21 cases to be cured,13 cases to be improved,4 cases to be useless,the total effective rate was 89.5％(34/38),while in control group,there were 12 cases to be cured,15 cases to be improved,11 cases to be useless,the total effective rate was 71.1％(27/38),the total effective rates between two groups were statistically significant(P ＜0.05).The levels of interferon (IFN)-γ,interleukin(IL)-2,IL-4,IL-5 after treatment in treatment group were respectively ( 13.21 ± 1.38),( 14.59 ±1.43 ),(34.83 ± 5.31 ),( 39.93 ± 7.98 ) pg/L,which were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment [ (23.87 ± 1.76),( 16.13 ± 1.71 ),(67.37 ± 7.36),(81.82 ± 7.69) pg/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].The levels of IFN- γ,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5 after treatment in control group were respectively (20.13 ± 2.73 ),( 14.82 ± 2.26),(48.92 ±7.62),(43.87 ±8.25) pg/L,which were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment [ (24.06 ± 1.82 ),( 15.96 ± 1.74),(66.81 ± 8.24),(82.16 ± 7.34) pg/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].And the levels of IFN- γ,IL-4,IL-5 after treatment in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group,the differences were statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsThat nasal flush with nasal sinuses perfusate for postoperative patients with chronic sinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery may improve the therapeutic effect and nasal sinuses perfusate formula is superior to 0.9％ sodium chloride alone,and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of inflammation factor release of sinus mucosa.

AlM: To explore the clinical application effect of phacofragmentation combined with vitrectomy in the treatment of traumatic lens dislocation.
METHODS:Totally 16 cases (16 eyes) of traumatic lens dislocation treated with phacofragmentation combined with vitrectomy were retrospectively analyzed, including 6 cases of high intraocular pressure ( lOP) and 10 cases of vitreous hemorrhage, and 1 case of retinal detachment. All patients were given conventional flat line standard three channel vitreous operation incision to remove the anterior, middle part and peripheral vitreous around lens dislocation. The crystalline lens were drawn to the center cavity of vitreous body and treated by ultrasonic disintegrator. ln the operation, the retina was examined and 8 of them had no retinal damage and in the first stage underwent fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses.
RESULTS: All crystalline lens dislocated were completely grinded and suctioned. There was no retinal detachment occurred in 3mo followed up. 16 eyes had normal lOP (12-20mmHg) at 1wk after operation. The average visual acuity was improved and with 8 cases got improved of 0. 2 or more 1wk after operation.
CONCLUSlON: Our research shows that phacofragmentation combined with vitrectomy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of traumatic lens dislocation. The patients with nondestructive retina in the operation are feasible to do first stage operation of intraocular lens suture fixation, which contributes to the best visual acuity.

In top-quality course construction of medical ethics,it is necessary to attach importance to practical operation as well as the consistency of theoretical logic.To well adapt to the current medical practice and medical technical advances,the idea of medical ethics should include virtue,harmony and value.Virtue is the prominent concept in top-quality course construction of medical ethics.Harmony is the core idea of medical ethics,and value is the innovative idea to solve the questions caused by life technologies.Therefore,in the top-quality course construction of medical ethics,coordination and unification of the above three ideas must be maintained in order to defend the demonstration significance of top-quality course of medical ethics.

Objective To observe the blood vessels distribution in iliac blood velles triangular area of the lumbosacral vertebrae and confirm the range of safety working area,so as to provide anatomic data for anterior lumbosacral interbody fusion.Methods CTA imaging da-ta of abdominal vessels were randomly collected from 32 adult patients.Observed the distribution and intersection features of lumbosacral ver-tebral ventral blood vessels.Measured the distance from the bifurcation or confluence to the L5 dise,level interval of iliaca vessels in the infe-rior boundary of L5 ,and width of L5 /S1 intervertebral space.And then computed the range of safety working area and conducted a preliminary classification.Results The lumbosacral vertebral ventral operation space is mainly (87.4%)composed of left iliac vein and right common iliac artery.In this study,patients of type A accounted for 87.4%,vascular clearance of the L5 dise was (3.8 ±1.1)cm,safety working area was (5.2 ±1.2)cm2 ,and the display ratio of L5 /S1 was 73.2%.Patients of type B accounted for 6.3%,vascular clearance of the L5 dise was (4.2 ±0.5)cm,safety working area was (7.1 ±0.2)cm2 ,and the display ratio of L5 /S1 was 81.0%.Patients of type C accounted for 6.3%,vascular clearance of the L5 dise was (1.0 ±0.7)cm,safety working area was (1.3 ±0.7)cm2 ,and the display ratio of L5 /S1 was 31.2%.The differences of anatomical parameters among the three types were statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The study showed that most ordinary people have enough operation space in the lumbosacral vertebral ventral,which is suitable for anterior lumbosacral interbody fusion,but it is necessary to take preoperative imaging screening.