Cyclopora cayetanensis (C. cayetanensis) is a protozoan responsible for acute diarrheal diseases, frequently reported in inter-tropical areas. A year-long epidemiological survey of public drinking water supply was carried out in Hanoi to determine if this pathogen was found in water, and if seasonal variation was noted. Cyclopora cayetanensis was found in water supply and tap water in Hanoi: Badinh (25.9%), Hoankiem (19.5%), Dongda, (19.6%), Haibatrung(25%). This strain occured in 4 seasons but higher in the summer. The isolated strains had the same gene sequences with the pathogenous strain in human.
Water ; epidemiology ; diagnosis

A total of 1.734 stool specimens from diarrhoea patients aged from 2 to 15 year old were examined by wet-mount and acid fast staining techniques for detection of Cryptosporidium. The parasites were found in 49 specimens, the proportion of positive cases was 2.82%, which was significant difference from those seen in the control group (n=400) with its proportion of 0.75% (p < 0.05). The majority of cases were found in children aged from 6 to 13 years old. The peaks of infection were seen in January, June - July.
Cryptosporidium ; diarrhea

1431 patients with diarrhea and 400 healthy children under 5 years in MÔ Tr× commune, Tõ Liªm district, Hµ Néi participated to a study. The patients were tested by using method of direct microscopy and the fast acid dye for finding cryptosporidium. The results have shown that the diarrhea due to cryptosporidium circulates in population with the highest rate of isolation in ages of 6-15 and most frequent during dry season such as January, November and December.
Diarrhea ; Cryptosporidium

Cryptosporidium causes diarrhea, commonly occurs in children under 5 years old. The disease condition ranges from severe to asymptomatic infection. This study involved 1,287 children under 5 years old without diarrhea and did not use antibiotics within 2 weeks previous. 412 stool samples were microscopied directly and enriched. No sample was found that containing Cryptosporidium parvum under directive microscopy. The enriched method found 3 samples containing Cryptosporidium parvum. Asymptomatic infection rate is 0.7%. This rate was compared with the incidence of Cryptosporidium parvum in other countries.
Bacterial Infections ; Cryptosporidium parvum

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of fast track surgery ( FTS ) in perioperative nursing care of laparoscopic cholecystectomy . Methods A total of 200 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy between January and December 2012 were randomly divided into two groups , with 100 cases of each group , receiving either FTS or conventional treatment .Comparison of the two groups in patients rehabilitation and complications were observed . Results The postoperative anal flatus time was significantly shorter in the FTS group (12.0 ±4.4) h than that in the control group (24.9 ±5.4) h (t=-18.519, P=0.000).The postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the FTS group (3.2 ±1.3) d than that in the control group (4.2 ±2.1) d (t=-4.049, P=0.000).The patients’ weight loss at the 5 postoperative day was significantly less in the FTS group (3.2 ±0.3) kg than that in the control group (5.2 ±0.6) kg (t=-29.814, P=0.000). Conclusion FTS measures applied in laparoscopic cholecystectomy can significantly accelerate postoperative rehabilitation .

Objective To analyze long-term efficacy after surgical treatment of primary liver cancer with fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin plus gemcitabine joint implementation to prevent the overall intervention effect of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma following ascension.Methods60 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma were randomly divided into study group and control group according to the random number method in our hospital from February 2011 to November2013, 30 cases in each group.All patients underwent radical resection of liver cancer and liver (partial) resection.In the control group, the patients were treated with anti viral or immune enhancement after surgery, and the follow-up treatment was not carried out.In study group were given anti-virus or immune intensive treatment and at the end of surgery 3 and 7 weeks after the implementation of a prophylactic transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy and selecting drug 5-FU, oxaliplatin and gemcitabine.During 3 years of follow-up, the incidence of adverse reactions in the 3 groups was statistically analyzed, and the recurrence free survival rate, disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate of the two groups were statistically analyzed.ResultsAll patients completed the follow-up, there was no loss of follow-up cases.In adverse reactions, the study group patients were successfully tolerated hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy, no obvious adverse reactions or drug toxicity, more no interruption of chemotherapy cases.The recurrence free survival rate, disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate of the study group were 83.33%, 70.00%, 86.67%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (60.00%, 43.33%, 63.33%) (P<0.05).ConclusionPrimary hepatocellular carcinoma should be treated with prophylactic hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in time after radical operation, which can greatly improve the survival rate of patients and ensure long-term curative effect.

To establish a multi-pretreatment method for the determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 in Chinese patent medicines, aflatoxins were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector with post-column derivatization, after the multi-pretreatment of samples. The results showed that after the samples extracted with MeOH-H2O, dehydrated by anhydrous magnesium sulphate and sodium chloride, and finally purified by neutral alumina, the impurity interference of different sources in Chinese patent medicines matrix can be effectively removed, and the main peak can be nicely separated from the impurity peak. The detection limits were 0.25, 0.25, 0.50, 0.25 μg x L(-1) for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, respectively. The quantification limits were 1.00, 0.50, 1.00, 0.50 μg x L(-1), respectively. Aflatoxin B1, G1 showed a good linear relationship at a range of 1.0-50 μg x L(-1), aflatoxin B2, G2 at a range of 0.5-12.5 μg x L(-1) (R2 > 0.99). The average recovery was 80.40% - 108.6%. The present method is simple, reproducible with the reasonable recoveries and can be applied for the determination of aflatoxins in Chinese patent medicines.
Aflatoxins ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis

Objective To investigate the relationship between MRI signal type and CT structural characteristics on lumbar hy-perostogeny ,and the possible mechanism of vertebral body remodeling on degenerative lumbar spine .Methods Imaging data of for-ty-five subjects who were referred for both MRI and CT imaging of the lumbar spine from July 2011 to January 2012 were retro-spectively analyzed .Volume Rendering(VR) and Multi-Planar Reformation(MPR) were used to observe structural characteristics of osteophyte .Osteophyte formation ,MRI signal type and CT features of osteophyte were recorded ,then analyzed their relationship . Results 45 subjects contain 225 vertebral bodies ,there were 38 vertebral bodies containing osteophyte visible to naked eye .The four types of MRI signal were type Ⅰ to type Ⅳ ,accounting for 2(5 .3% ) ,4(10 .5% ) ,10(26 .3% ) and 22(57 .9% ) ,respectively . The three types of CT structural characteristics are type A to type C ,accounting for 4(10 .5% ) ,11(28 .9% ) and 23(60 .5% ) ,re-spectively .The main MRI signal of type A is type Ⅱ(100% ) ,and that of type B and C are both type Ⅳ(72 .7% and 65 .2% ) .Con-clusion There is a corresponding relation between MRI signal type and CT structural characteristics on lumbar hyperostogeny . Constant reconstruction of osteophyte remodels vertebral body on degenerative lumbar spine .

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Guishen Pill (GSP) on expression levels of Oct-4, MVH, and Egr-1 in mice with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).

METHODSTotally 40 female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, the normal control group, the model group, the GSP group, and the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) group, 10 in each group. Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were sequentially administrated to produce superovulation. The DOR model was established by exposing to ozone inhalation. Mice in the GSP group were intragastrically administered with GSP at 0.3 mL. Those in the DHEA group were intragastrically administered with DHEA at 0.3 mL. Equal volume of normal saline was intragastrically administered to mice in the normal control group and the model group. All mice wer treated for 21 days. Serum levels of estrogen (E2), progestogen (P), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were measured by ELISA. Changes of Oct-4, anti-AMH, and early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) mRNA in ovaries were dtected by Real-time PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, serum levels of E2, P, and AMH, as well as contents of estrogen receptor (ER), progestogen receptor (PR), MVH, and Oct-4 mRNA significantly increased in the GSP group and the DHEA group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGSP could improve expression levels of Oct-4, MVH, and Egr-1 mRNA in DOR mice and their ovarian function.

Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; metabolism ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; metabolism ; Estrogens ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3 ; metabolism ; Ovarian Reserve ; Ovary ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Superovulation

Objective To observe the effects of electrical acupuncture for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (DO) caused by spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Twenty SCI patients with DO were included in this study. There were 18 males and 2 females;age ranged from 17 to 58 years. Patients were given electro-acupuncture treatment at the bilateral S3 foramen at the lateral position during the vidio-urodynamic investigation when the detrusor of the patients began to contract.The different intensities of electrical stimulation were used when the DO appeared during cystometry and the most effective intensity to inhibit DO was determined. Then, the bladder was emptied and the stimulation with selected intensity was used at the beginning of cystometry. The changes of parameters in the urodynamics, the urinary incontinence times per day and the pad used per day were recorded. The acute effects were observed. Ten days were set as one course and after 3 courses and 9 courses the patients underwent urodynamic test again. The long-term effects were observed.Results After treatment, the urinary incontinence times per day and the pad used per day decreased obviously (P<0. 05). The bladder capacity increased significantly and the maximum intravesical pressure decreased significantly. There were 3 patients having the long terms treatment. Conclusions The Chinese electro-acupuncture at S3 foramen in the SCI patients with DO is demonstrated effective. After the treatment bladder capacity could increase and the times of the urinary incontinence per week decrease.