PURPOSE: This study was to determine the impacts of traumatic events and resilience on the professional quality of life (ProQoL) among clinical nurses. METHODS: In this cross-sectional correlational descriptive study, 325 nurses completed questionnaires of traumatic events, resilience, and ProQoL consisted of compassion satisfaction (CS) and compassion fatigue (CF). Data were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical regression. RESULTS: Traumatic events positively correlated with CF. Resilience positively correlated with CS and negatively correlated with CF. In this study, multivariate analysis showed that traumatic events and resilience explained 24% of the variance in CS and 7% of the variance in CF. CONCLUSION: A nursing education to enhance resilience and recognition of CS and CF from stressful work-related traumatic events may benefit to improve the professional quality of life for clinical nurses.
Compassion Fatigue ; Education, Nursing ; Empathy ; Multivariate Analysis ; Quality of Life

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that is characterized by low bone mass resulting from an increase in bone resorption relative to bone formation. The most current therapies for osteoporosis have focused on inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts. The purpose of this study is to develop new anabolic agents for treatment of osteoporosis that have fewer risks compared to conventional therapies. We searched the natural products that were derived from the traditional Asian medicines which have been used for treatment of bone related diseases. Icaritin is a flavonoid glycoside derived from the herb Epimedium which has beneficial effects on bone formation. To determine the effect of icaritin on bone formation, we examined the effect of icaritin on MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation. For determining the effects of icaritin on proliferation, we performed the MTT assay using MC3T3-E1 cells. To evaluate whether icaritin could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mRNA expressions of Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), RANKL, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were determined. Icaritin increased MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation. Icaritin increased the ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells on 72 hour culture in osteogenic media. mRNA expression of Runx2 was increased after 24 hour culture with icaritin. mRNA expression of osteocalcin was increased after 72 hour culture with icaritin. In addition, icaritin increased the mRNA expressions of OPG and RANKL. However, icaritin increased the mRNA expression of OPG much more than that of RANKL, and then, it increased the OPG/RANKL ratio. These results suggest that icaritin promotes osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and decreases osteoclast formation regulated by osteoblasts.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anabolic Agents ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biological Products ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Bone Resorption ; Cell Proliferation ; Epimedium* ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoprotegerin ; RNA, Messenger

Piperlongumine (PL) is a natural product found in long pepper (Piper longum). The pharmacological effects of PL are well known, and it has been used for pain, hepatoprotection, and asthma in Oriental medicine. No studies have examined the effects of PL on bone tissue or bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis. The current study investigated for the first time the inhibitory effects of PL on osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by the receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Cytotoxicity was examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and pit formation analysis. Osteoclast differentiation factors were confirmed by western blotting. PL exhibited toxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorption, in addition to inhibiting the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related factors, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), c-Fos, and NFATc1, in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that PL is suitable for the treatment of osteoporosis, and it serves as a potential therapeutic agent for various bone diseases.
Acid Phosphatase ; Asthma ; Blotting, Western ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Diseases ; Bone Resorption ; Macrophages ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Osteoclasts ; Osteoporosis ; Piper ; RANK Ligand ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

OBJECTIVE: The study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted cervical cancer vaccine in healthy Korean women aged 15-25 years. METHODS: Phase IIIB, double-blind, randomised (2:1), multi-centre trial was conducted in Korea from June 2007 to March 2008. The study enrolled 225 women in the HPV (N=149) and placebo (N=76) groups who received three doses of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine or placebo (aluminium hydroxide) administered intramuscularly at 0, 1, and 6 months and were followed until one month post-dose 3. Serum samples were collected pre-vaccination and one month post-dose 3. Safety and reactogenicity data were collected throughout. RESULTS: In this trial, 208 women completed the study (141 in HPV group; 67 in placebo group). At month 7, all initially seronegative women had seroconverted for HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibodies with anti-HPV-16 and anti-HPV-18 geometric mean titres of 9,351.4 El.U/mL (95% CI, 8,145.5 to 10,735.8) and 4204.1 El.U/mL (95% CI, 3,626.5 to 4,873.6), respectively. Initially seropositive women showed similar increase in geometric mean titre levels. Compliance to the three dose vaccination course was 95.3% in HPV and 89.5% in placebo group. Solicited local (pain) and general (fatigue, myalgia or headache) symptoms were commonly reported in both groups. Three serious adverse events were reported (two in HPV group; one in placebo group), all unrelated to vaccination by the investigator; all recovered. CONCLUSION: The HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine was highly immunogenic with a clinically acceptable safety profile in Korean women. This study was in line with previous global studies in Europe, North America, and Brazil. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT 00485732.)
Aged ; Antibodies ; Brazil ; Compliance ; Europe ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; Korea ; North America ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections occur predominantly in children, and are usually self-limiting. However, 75-95% of the infections in adults are symptomatic (mostly with jaundice), with the illness symptoms usually persisting for a few weeks. Atypical manifestations include relapsing hepatitis, prolonged cholestasis, and complications involving renal injury. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe, drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction characterized by skin rash, fever, lymph-node enlargement, and internal organ involvement. We describe a 22-year-old male who presented with acute kidney injury and was diagnosed with prolonged cholestatic hepatitis A. The patient also developed DRESS syndrome due to antibiotic and/or antiviral treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of histopathologically confirmed DRESS syndrome due to antibiotic and/or antiviral treatment following HAV infection with cholestatic features and renal injury.
Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Cefotaxime/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Cholestasis/complications/*diagnosis ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/drug therapy/virology ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Eosinophilia/etiology ; Exanthema/*chemically induced/pathology ; Ganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis A/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use ; Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use ; Male ; Syndrome ; Young Adult

Two of the common causes of hypercalcemia are malignancy and primary hyperparathyroidism. These disorders are easily diagnosed by the clinical manifestations and measurement of the serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism is an uncommon cause of hypercalcemia. The diagnosis of hypercalcemia associated with hyperthyroidism can only be made by excluding the common causes of hypercalcemia and by observing the improvement of the hypercalcemia and its associated symptoms with normalizing the thyroid function. Herein we reported our experience with a 67 year-old woman who presented with nausea and vomiting. She showed elevated serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Serum intact PTH level was 1.1 pg/mL (normal range; 10~65). The results of the thyroid function test were compatible with hyperthyroidism. After resolution of the thyrotoxicosis with combination treatment of methimazol and Lugol's solution, the patient's serum calcium and phosphorus levels were normalized and the symptoms were improved.
Aged ; Calcium ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Graves Disease ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia* ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Hyperphosphatemia ; Hyperthyroidism* ; Nausea ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Phosphorus ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotoxicosis ; Vomiting

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral malignancy. Numerous therapies have been proposed for its cure. Research is continually being conducted to develop new forms of treatment as current therapies are associated with numerous side-effects. Luteolin, a common dietary flavonoid, has been demonstrated to possess strong anti-cancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, research into luteolin-based anticancer activity against oral cancer remains scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of luteolin as an anti-cancer agent. After treatment with luteolin, Ca9-22 and CAL-27 oral cancer cells showed condensed nuclei and enhanced apoptotic rate with evidence of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to tumor migration and invasion. Luteolin suppressed cancer cell invasion and migration in the current study. Elevated expression of E-cadherin, an adherens junction protein, was evident in both cell lines after luteolin treatment. Luteolin also significantly inhibited transcription factors (i.e., N-cadherin, Slug, Snail, Twist, and ZEB-1) that regulated expression of tumor suppressors such as E-cadherin based on Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR. Thus, luteolin could induce mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing EMT-induced transcription factors.
Adherens Junctions ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Cadherins ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Gastropoda ; Humans ; Luteolin ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Snails ; Transcription Factors