PURPOSE: We tried to compare normal term infants with low-birth-weight infants discharged from NICU by evaluating morbidity. So we studied rates of rehospitalization, reasons for rehospitalization and neonatal risk factors that affect rehospitalization of normal term infants and low-birth-weight infants discharged from NICU. METHODS: This study was performed on 217 low-birth-weight infants discharged from NICU and 126 normal term infants born in Presbyterian Medical Center from January 1992 to December 1994. RESULTS: Low-birth-weight infants discharged from NICU had higher rates of rehospitalization than normal term infants. Twenty-nine percent of low-birth-weight infants discharged from NICU were rehospitalized, compared with 12.7% of normal term infants(P<0.001). Rates of rehospitalization by birth weight was 45.5% in infants of 1500g or less and 31.2% in infants of 1500-1999g of birth weight. The rates of rehospitalization increased as birth weight decreased (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between 16.4% in infants of 2000-2500g of birth weight and 12.7% of normal term infants(P=0.442). Reasons for rehospitalization of low bith weight infants were respiratory problem(63.1%), congenital/developmental problem(10.8%), surgical problem(9.2%), G-I problem(7.7%), ophthalmic problem(3.1%), and cardiac problem(1.5%). Neonatal risk factors related to rehospitalization of low birth weight infants were mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and duration of hospitalization(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Rates of rehospitalization increased accordingly to decreasing birth weight. The most common cause of rehospitalization was respirartory problem. Neonatal risk factors related to rehospitalization were mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and duration of hospitalization. The data suggest that high risk infants of rehospitalization require close follow up.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Protestantism ; Respiration, Artificial ; Risk Factors

The purpose of study was to develop and validate Korean Sleep Scale A which can be easily administrated by nurse for a wide range of adult subjects. Dimensions of adult concept were derived by literature review. Previously developed sleep scales were also analyzed in order to develop scales items. The Korean sleep scale A was structured as a 15 item, 4 point like type scale. The Scale was tested an 298 female and male adult subjects after pilottest and content validation. The results showed reliability by internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha=75 Construct validity was tested by factor analysis and known group technique. Factor analysis showed 4 factor-sleep pattern, sleep evaluation, sleep result, and cause of sleep disturbance. Theses four factors explained 55.9% of total variance. Correlations between factors ranged from .15-.32. There was correlation among Korean Sleep Scale A score, Verran and Snyder-Halpern(VSH) Sleep Scale scale, and sleep satisfaction scale score, r= .71(p=.00), r=.51(p=.03), respectively. These study results partially support reliability, construct validity, and criterion related validity of Korean Sleep Scale A. Further validation study is required with other subjects and other settings.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Electroencephalography (EEG) is often used as a screening tool for selecting pilots despite controversy regarding its contribution to aviation safety. We investigated EEG abnormalities in Korean commercial pilot applicants in order to identify the usefulness of EEG screening in this population. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the EEG results of 740 unselected pilot applicants who underwent waking EEG at Inha University Hospital from January 2013 to May 2017. EEG recording was performed for 30 minutes, which included 3 minutes of hyperventilation and intermittent photic stimulation. RESULTS: The pilot applicants were predominantly male (95.3%) and had a mean age of 27.8 years (range: 16–40 years). Nine of them (1.2%) exhibited EEG abnormalities; the most common abnormality (six applicants) was a small amount of generalized irregular slow activities, while the other three applicants (0.4%) exhibited epileptiform discharges, with two showing generalized spike-and-wave complexes and one showing a few spike-and-wave complexes in the left frontotemporal area. The two applicants with generalized spike-and-wave complexes were found to have experienced clinical seizures by a neurologist during detailed history-taking. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that 2 of 740 pilot applicants (0.3%) were diagnosed with epilepsy by routine EEG screening in an unselected population. Considering the low predictive value of EEG without the relevant clinical history in an unselected healthy young population, our findings raise questions regarding the cost-effectiveness of the current EEG screening protocol applied to pilot applicants. We suggest that a more-targeted and standardized EEG screening approach be applied to pilot applicants with epilepsy risk factors or a seizure history as determined by thorough medical history-taking.
Aviation ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; Korea* ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Photic Stimulation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seizures

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal disease that is characterized by progressive demyelination of the cerebral white matter due to JC viral infection. We report serial magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and tractography changes in a patient with PML. After a three-cycle treatment with cidofovir and cytarabine, the patient exhibited remarkable improvements in motor and cognitive functions. Follow-up MRS and tractography revealed regeneration of the white-matter fibers. This is the first consecutive neuroimaging study showing improvements in neurological symptoms using MRS and tractography.
Cytarabine ; Cytosine ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Neuroimaging ; Organophosphonates ; Regeneration

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of platelet rich plasma on the treatment of Grade II furcation involvement, with and without porous resorbable calcium carbonate(Biocoral(R)) in humans by digital subtraction radiography. 15 teeth(control group) were treated with porous resorbable calcium carbonate(Biocoral (R)), and 15 teeth(test group) were treated with porous resorbable calcium carbonate(Biocoral(R)) and Platelet Rich Plasma. The change of bone density was assessed by digital subtraction radiography in this study. The change of mineral content by as much as 5%(vol) could be perceived in the subtracted images. The change of mineral content was assessed in the method that two radiographs are put into computer program to be overlapped and the previous image is subtracted by the later one. Both groups were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test and Mann-whitney Test using SPSS program(5% significance level). The results were as follows: 1. In test group, the radiolucency in 3 months after surgery were significantly increased than 1 month after surgery(p<0.05). 2. In test group, there were no significant difference between 1 month after surgery and 6 months after surgery(p>0.05). 3. In test group, the radiopacity in 6 months after surgery were significantly increased than 3 months after surgery(p<0.05). 4. In control group, the radiolucency in 3 months and 6 months after surgery were significantly increased than 1 month after surgery(p<0.05). 5. In control group, the radiopacity in 6 months after surgery were significantly increased than 3 months after surgery(p<0.05). 6. There were no significant difference between test group and control group at 1 month, 3 months after surgery, but radiopacity in test group were significantly increased than control group at 6 months after surgery(p<0.05). In conclusion, Platelet Rich Plasma can enhance bone density.
Blood Platelets* ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; Humans ; Platelet-Rich Plasma* ; Radiography* ; Transplants*

No abstract available.
Glycoproteins* ; Oligodendroglia* ; Rubella virus* ; Rubella*

No abstract available.
Nystagmus, Congenital ; Turner Syndrome

No abstract available.
Stroke ; Subclavian Artery

We present an openfree hypertext (also known as wiki) web cluster called BioCC. BioCC is a novel wiki farm that lets researchers create hundreds of biological web sites. The web sites form an organic information network. The contents of all the sites on the BioCC wiki farm are modifiable by anonymous as well as registered users. This enables biologists with diverse backgrounds to form their own Internet bio-communities. Each community can have custom-made layouts for information, discussion, and knowledge exchange. BioCC aims to form an ever-expanding network of openfree biological knowledge databases used and maintained by biological experts, students, and general users. The philosophy behind BioCC is that the formation of biological knowledge is best achieved by open-minded individuals freely exchanging information. In the near future, the amount of genomic information will have flooded society. BioGG can be an effective and quickly updated knowledge database system. BioCC uses an opensource wiki system called Mediawiki. However, for easier editing, a modified version of Mediawiki, called Biowiki, has been applied. Unlike Mediawiki, Biowiki uses a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) text editor. BioCC is under a share-alike license called BioLicense (http://biolicense.org). The BioCC top level site is found at http://bio.cc/
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Biology* ; Computational Biology ; Humans ; Hypermedia* ; Information Services ; Internet ; Licensure ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Philosophy

Hemichorea after cortical infarction has rarely been reported. We report a female patient in which hemichorea of the right extremities developed following a left temporo-parietal infarction. An acute infarction in the territory of the inferior division of the left middle cerebral artery was evident in diffusion-weighted imaging, but the basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem appeared normal. Her choreic movement gradually improved after administering haloperidol, and the hemichorea disappeared after 4 days.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain Stem ; Chorea ; Extremities ; Female ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Thalamus