Organ transplant the patient be special mental state of regulate, the budget consume a control, organ resources a development exploitation and transplant a performance evaluation is current check and supervision human body organ transplant the work open an exhibition of key problem. Need the angle which learns from the ethics, the knowledge which uses science strengthens to cure the communication for suffer from and strengthen the confidence that the sufferer cure and use to publicly line up with the realistic case of the sufferer's equilibrium mindset of the method maintenance resolve mental state to regulate a problem; The thought which learns with the ethics examines closely sufferer's psychological stress and learn from the ethics of the angle be excellent to turn a profect to lower expenses and use publicly in procession sufferer's equilibrium mindset of the method maintenance; Paww the social foundation of extensive organ source of the publicity extension and insistobtaining maintenance ethics to learn a principle and insistin a medical science by lqw the standard insures the science exploitation of organ; Pay attention to the transplantation performance of the method evaluation of use the economicsand pay attention to pay attention to resolve the transplantation performance of the corpse organ to maximize a problem towards live body organ the risk performance of the transplantation evaluate with, help the clinical organ to transplant a smoothly open of the work an exhibition.

Objective To study the effect of leech powder on mortality and disability of acute intracerebral hemorrhage at 30 days and 1 year. Methods In a Case-control study,we analyzed the 30-day and 1-year mortality and disability with respect to leech powder treatment status in 59 patients consecutively admitted within one week of intracerebral hemorrhage onset. Confounding factors were compared between treated and nontreated patients. Results About two thirds of the patients received oral leech powder as part of their routine treatment,mean dosage was (2.22?0.42)g/d and mean duration was (10.12?3.39)d. The mortality was 2.4% versus 16.7% (P =0.08) at 30 days and 17.1% versus 44.4% (P=0.03) at 1 year in the leech powder treated and nontreated groups,respectively. Modified Rankin score 5-6 was 43.9% (61.1% in nontreated groups,P =0.45) at 30 days and 17.1% (50% in nontreated groups,P =0.03) at 1 year in treated groups,respectively. Leech powder treatment effect was adjusted for Glasgow Coma Scale,hyperglycemia,creatinine and smoker in logistic regression models. Depending on the factors entered into the model,either no effect or harm could be attributed to leech powder. Conclusions Based on the results of this study,no recommendations can be made on the use of leech powder in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. And properly randomized,controlled trials should be performed to come to a final conclusion.

Objective To explore the efficacy of closed reduction and inter na l fixation of cannulated screws by minimally invasive procedure in management of tibial plateau fractures. Methods From October 1999 to January 2002, 42 patient s with tibial plateau fractures, which were 29 males and 13 females with an aver age age of 41 years ranging from 26 to 67 years, were treated surgically in our hospital. According to Schatzker system, the fractures were diagnosed as type Ⅰ in 9, type Ⅱ in 5, type Ⅲ in 13, type Ⅳ in 3, type Ⅴ in 6 and type Ⅵ in 6. There was open fracture in 5, and closed fracture in 37. The fracture fragments of tibial plateau were reduced with closed manipulation or reduced assisted by minimally invasive procedure. The later by minimally invasive procedure included two kinds of reductions, one of which was reduction assisted by Kirschner pin t hat was introduced percutaneously into the larger fragment; the other was reduct ion assisted by a bone tamper that was introduced through a small incision into the cortical window beneath the depressed articular surface. Fixation was achiev ed using percutaneous 6.5 mm cannulated screws or combination of the cannulated screws and Bastiani external frame in unstable fractures. Results Of 42 patients , 37 were followed up from 6 to 30 months (average, 15 months). All 37 fractures were united within 12 weeks postoperatively. The mechanical axis of affected li mb and the stability of affected knee joint were restored in the patients. Accor ding to Sanders score for functional results of knee joint, 13 patients were rat ed as excellent, 20 good, and 4 fair. Anatomical reduction was identified while the stepping of articular surface after reduction was less than 2 mm. In 21 pati ents with anatomical reduction, the functional results were excellent in 8, good in 11, and fair in 2. However, in 16 patients without anatomical reduction, the functional results were excellent in 5, good in 9, and fair in 2. There was sig nificant difference between the two groups on functional results. There were no postoperative complications such as infections and neurovascular bundle. Conclus ion Closed reduction and fixation through minimally invasive procedure has provi ded satisfied results in tibial plateau fractures such as less complications, ex cellent mechanical axis restoration, and ideal functional recovery.

[Objective]To investigate the pathogenesis,pathology,diagnosis and therapy of hyponatremia after acute spinal cord injury.[Method]Fifteen in-patients with hyponatremia after acute spinal cord injury from 2004 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.[Result]Serum sodium was lower than 130 mmol/L in all cases.Urine sodiumcanned was from 40 to 68 mmol/L and urine osmotic pressure was from 420 to 980 mmol/L.After limitation of water intake and appropriate salt intake,12 patients recovered at 2 to 3 weeks.Because of fever and avoiding limitation of water intake,the other 3 patients recovered slowly.[Conclusion]The more serious the acute spinal cord injury,the higher the frequency of hyponatremia;syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion(SIADH) is its primary cause: appropriate measures should be taken to correct the hyponatremia according to the findings of serum sodium and urine osmotic pressure.

Objective To discuss the therapy modalities and their efficacy for Cobb's syndrome Methods Data from 14 cases of Cobb's syndrome were retrospectively reviewed of which diagnosis, management and follow-up were discussend. Results Follow-up period of the 14 cases was 4 months to 3 years, of them, no complete cure occurred, 12 cases improved, 2 cases deteriorated. Conclusions Early diagnosis and early treatment using in terventional and surgical method are the key point for this kind of in curable diseases.

Objective To study the bacteriology, clinical characteristics and treatment of ventriculitis fol-lowing ventricular-peritoneal shunt. Methods The clinical data and bacteriological results of eight patients with ven-triculitis following ventricular-peritoneal shunt from April 1998 to April 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Shunt de-vice was removed in all patients. Intraventricular and intravenous antibiotics were given until the infection was con-trolled,and a secondary shunt device was placed. Results In eight patients,five were infected by Staph. Epidermi-dis,one by a mixed infection of Staph. Aureus and Pseudomonas acruginosa,one by Staph. Aureus,and one by E. Co-li. All patients were given intraventricular and intravenous antibiotics therapy. 8 cases recovered well after treatment. Conclusion Ventriculitis following ventricular-peritoneal shunt is a dangerous complication and is not easy to cure. After the removal of shunt device, a satisfactory result could be achieved by the administration of intraventricular and intravenous antibiotics.

BACKGROUND:As the sequencing technology has been widely used and high-resolution confirmation of organ transplant matching has been gradualy developed, new human leukocyte antigen (HLA) aleles are emerging. However, the gene frequency of some genes cannot be calculated accurately, and there are rare reports. These genes are often ignored, and it is easy to misjudge their genotypes only according to gene frequency. OBJECTIVE:To test and analyze a rare alele, HLA-C*08:99, from a volunteer donor of hematopoietic stem cel transplantation. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted automaticaly from the blood sample by using quick DNA purified kit and amplified by HLA-C locus commercial sequence-based typing kit. The purified PCR product was utilized as the DNA template in the sequencing reaction, and six direct sequencing reactions of PCR product covering exons 2, 3 and 4 in both directions were performed using commercial kit. Four direct sequencing reactions of PCR product covering exon 5 in both directions, exon 6 in forward direction and exon 7 in reverse direction were performed using in-house BigDye terminator cycle sequencing reaction kit. Sequencing reaction products purified by ethanol/sodium acetate/ ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid method were sequenced by ABI PrismTM3730 DNA Sequencer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The alele assignment was analyzed with Assign-SBT 3.6+ software, and the sample HLA-C typing result was C*07:04, 08:99. Increasing the sequencing analysis at exons 5, 6 and 7 of HLA-C locus wil help to make clear the ambiguous SBT result and improve the accuracy of HLA-C typing when it is necessary, which shows important significance in clinical tissue matching. Cite this article:Wang DM, Zou HY, Nie DM, Gao SQ, Wang F.Sequencing analysis of a rare human leukocyte antigen, C*08:99, from a volunteer donor of hematopoietic stem cel transplantation. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):102-106.

Objective To study the distribution of genotypes of Candida albicans isolated from different body sites of patients with candidal vulvovaginitis(CVV).Methods PCR was designed to amplify group I intron-containing region in25S rDNA of Candida albicans.The strains of Candida albicans could be classified into three genotypes:genotype A(~450bp),B(~840bp)and C(~450bp and~840bp),on the basis of different ranges of bands of amplicons.Results Sixty women with CVV were recruited,of whom54were caused by Candida albicans.Among the54patients39had non-recurrent CVV and15had recurrent CVV(RCVV).Candida albicans could be isolated simultaneously from different body sites in32of54patients,including19(19/39)with non-RCVV and13(13/15)with RCVV.A total of92strains of Candida albicans were isolated from vagina,tongue and anus in54patients with CVV.Eighty strains of genotype A,8of genotype B and4of genotype C were found.The same genotypes of Candida albicans in different body sites were identified in24patients,and the different genotypes were identified in8patients.Conclusion Genotype A is predominant in CVV.The other two genotypes(B and C)are not commonly seen,and mainly isolated from non-vaginal sites.The colonization of Candida albicans in the non-vagina sites is more frequent in RCVV than that in CVV,and the intestinal reservoir theory may play a role in the relapse of RCVV.

le full matching for unrelated donor-receipt pairs. However, HLA-Cw mismatching at antigen level could no longer be ignored. The results indieated that HLA-Cw genotyping should be incorporated into future CMDP unrelated marrow donor routine HLA test.

Objective To investigate the effect of conventional preseratives on the stability of carboxyhemoglobin(HbCO)in the stored blood samples.Methods Blood samples with 30%～40% and 60%～70% of HbCO were established,respectiviely.The samples were stored with the commomly used preseratives including formaldehyde,sodium fluoride,EDTA-Na_2,sodium nitrite,potassium oxalate,heparin sodium,sodium citrate and the mixture of sodium fluoride and sodium citrate(1:3).Saturation of HbCO in the preserved blood samples were determined at 0h,2h,8h,24h,3d,and 7d after treatment with the addictives,respectively.The data were evaluated statistically.Results The stability of HbCO was significantly affected in the formaldehyde and sodium nitrite-treated samples,but no significant effects of the other preseratives on the blood samples were detected.Conclusion The stability of HbCO in the blood samples conserved varies with the type of the preseratives used.The samples taken from cases with suspected death from carbon monoxide poisoning should be kept with proper preseratives.Blood samples preserved with formaldehyde and sodium nitrite are not suitable for HbCO determination.