No abstract available.
Foreign Bodies

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ethanol* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Osteoblasts*

PURPOSE: The expected corneal ablation amount was compared to the achieved corneal ablation amount in two different excimer laser systems. METHODS: One hundred twenty eyes were recieved Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of myopia. LASIK was performed with MEL-60 excimer laser and Schwind Multiscan excimer laser system. The central corneal thickness was measured preoperatively, 1 week and 1 month postoperatively by using ultrasonic pachymetry. RESULTS: In eyes with MEL-60 excimer laser, the average expected corneal ablation amount was 81+/-26micro meter and average achieved corneal ablation amount at postoperative one week was 65+/-26 micro meter. There was statistical difference between expected and achieved ablation amount. (p<0.001, paired samples test) In eyes with Schwind Multiscan excimer laser, the average expected corneal ablation amount was 69+/-25 micro meter and average achieved corneal ablation amount at postoperative one week was 69+/-25 micro meter. There was no statistical difference between expected and achieved ablation amount (p=0.761, paired samples test). CONCLUSIONS: The pachymetry at postoperative one week appears to be an useful method to measure the real corneal ablation amount by LASIK with various excimer lasers. Residual stromal bed thickness after LASIK can be presumed, and it helps to decide modality of retreatment.
Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia ; Retreatment ; Ultrasonics

PURPOSE: We prospectively conducted this study to evaluate the effect of laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on axial length because axial length is an important varible for IOL power calculation. METHODS: One hundred three eyes of fifty two myopic patients had measurements of axial length, ultrasonic central pachymetric readings and otherwise preoperatively and 3 months after LASIK. RESULTS: The axial length and central corneal thickness were reduced statistically significant 3 months after LASIK by 66+/-0.28 micrometer and 57+/-23 micrometer respectively (P<0.05). IOL power is about 15.8+/-3.25 diopter preoperatively and 15.9+/-3.21 diopter postoperatively. The mean difference is -0.13 diopter.(p value>0.05) CONCLUSIONS: But the reduction of axial length after LASIK is so small that very small influence is expected on IOL power calculation for the patient who had previous LASIK. So when preoperative IOL power calculation is done using historical method, post-LASIK axial length can be replaced for pre-LASIK axial length to calculate proper IOL power for cataract surgery.
Cataract ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Prospective Studies ; Reading ; Ultrasonics

PURPOSE: The authors evaluated the clinical results, the degree of satisfaction regarding daily activities and the quality of life after clear lens extraction in high myopes. METHODS: Thirty nine eyes of 23 high myopes over minus 10 diopters underwent clear lens extraction and had minimum follow up of 3 months. The preoperative and postoperative refractive status and subjective satisfaction about surgical result were evaluated. The average follow up period was 10.4 months. (range, 3~24 months) RESULTS: Preoperative mean spherical equivalent and mean target refractive error were -17.40+/-4.00D (range, -11.25~-28.25D) and -1.40+/-0.46D (range, -0.3~-2.2D), respectively. Three months postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent was -1.64+/-0.96D (range, +0.5~-3.62 D). Three months postoperatively uncorrected visual acuity was compared with preoperative best spectacle corrected visual acuity. Visual acuity was decreased two lines or more in 4 eyes (10.3%) and in 23 eyes (59.9%) 20/20 was noted or visual acuity increased 2 lines or more. Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) was noted in 12 eyes (30.8 %) and was the most common postoperative complication within 3 months. Three months postoperatively, every patient was asked about their satisfaction of surgery. All except one patient were satisfied with their daily activities after surgery. and all patients except two complained of difficulty in near vision. CONCLUSIONS: The clear lens extraction can improve quality of life in extremely high myopes, but posterior capsular opacity and decreased near visual acuity should be considered in deciding surgery.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Myopia* ; Postoperative Complications ; Quality of Life ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

Ceruminous glands are specialized apocrine glands located in the external auditory canal (EAC). Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the EAC is derived from these ceruminous glands. Tumors arising from these ceruminous glands are rare. Furthermore, ceruminous PA of the EAC is extremely rare. About 35 cases have been reported to date in the English literature, and only 4 cases have been reported in Korea. There are several controversial issues about these rare tumors such as nomenclature, histogenesis and classification. We report here on two cases of ceruminous PA and review the cases in the Korean literature.
Adenoma ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic* ; Apocrine Glands ; Classification ; Ear Canal* ; Korea

In this study the population data at seven STR loci on the Y chromosome, DYS19, DYS388, DYS389, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 are described for 1054 Koreans. In each locus, 6-22 alleles were noted, and allelic distribution patterns were found to be different from those of other populations. The PD was 0.28-0.886 and no interallele was noted. In 388 father-son pairs, 9 cases of mutation, one in DYS19 locus, one in DYS388, two in DYS389, three in DYS391, one in DYS392 and one in DYS393 locus were noted. In total 563 different haplotypes were noted. 630 cases shared the same haplotype with someone among 1054 object studied. Even in case which showed different haplotypes, many cases showed differences only in one locus and genotypes in the remaining seven loci were the same. The discrimination between mutation and different haplotypes seems to be problematic in these situations. Experiences for the large scale haplotype data base in Koreans were described.
Alleles ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Genotype ; Haplotypes* ; Y Chromosome*

In this study the population data at seven STR loci on the Y chromosome, DYS19, DYS388, DYS389, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 are described for 1054 Koreans. In each locus, 6-22 alleles were noted, and allelic distribution patterns were found to be different from those of other populations. The PD was 0.28-0.886 and no interallele was noted. In 388 father-son pairs, 9 cases of mutation, one in DYS19 locus, one in DYS388, two in DYS389, three in DYS391, one in DYS392 and one in DYS393 locus were noted. In total 563 different haplotypes were noted. 630 cases shared the same haplotype with someone among 1054 object studied. Even in case which showed different haplotypes, many cases showed differences only in one locus and genotypes in the remaining seven loci were the same. The discrimination between mutation and different haplotypes seems to be problematic in these situations. Experiences for the large scale haplotype data base in Koreans were described.
Alleles ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Genotype ; Haplotypes* ; Y Chromosome*

PURPOSE: In bladder cancer screening, many methods such as urinary cytology, bladder tumor antigen, and nuclear matrix protein-22 are well known. To learn the value of urinary melanoma antigen gene expression (MAGE) in bladder cancer screening, we compared the urinary MAGE test with irrigated urinary cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2000 to July 2007, a total of 142 patients were enrolled in this study. We divided these patients into 2 groups. Eighty-eight patients with bladder cancer were included in group I. Group II consisted of 54 patients who had been treated for bladder cancer and had no evidence of tumor by cystoscopy and irrigated urinary cytology. Urinary cytology, urinary MAGE test, and cystoscopy were performed in all patients. The urinary MAGE test was done by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sensitivity and specificity were investigated according to cancer grade and stage. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of the urinary MAGE test and urinary cytology was 69.3% (61/88) and 53.4% (47/88), respectively (p=0.03). The specificity of the urinary MAGE test and urinary cytology was 75.9% (41/54) and 83.3% (45/54), respectively (p=0.34). The sensitivity of each test in superficial tumors (Ta, T1) was 65.5% (38/58) and 46.6% (27/58), respectively (p=0.04). In advanced disease (> or =T2), the sensitivity of the tests was 76.7% (23/30) and 66.7% (20/30), respectively (p=0.39). The sensitivity of the urinary MAGE test in grade 1 tumors (60.5%, 23/38) was significantly higher (p=0.01) than that of urinary cytology (31.6%, 12/38). CONCLUSIONS: The urinary MAGE test was more sensitive than urinary cytology in bladder cancer screening. We consider the urinary MAGE test to possibly be a valuable test together with urinary cytology, especially for Grade 1 and Ta, T1 bladder cancer.
Cystoscopy ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Melanoma ; Nuclear Matrix ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms