Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of different types of virtual reality environments balance exercise on human balance and posture control. MethodsFrom March to April, 2022, 30 male students from Dalian University of Technology were recruited to accept VR balance training of dynamic background (dynamic VR training) and static background (static VR training), respectively, with an interval of one week. They were measured the average moving speed of the center of pressure of human body under eight conditions before and after training, namely open-eye floor standing, close-eye floor standing, static VR background floor standing, dynamic VR background floor standing, open-eye sponge pad standing, close-eye sponge pad standing, static VR background sponge pad standing, and dynamic VR background sponge pad standing. Meanwhile, the weight of human body sensation was calculated. ResultsBefore training, the average movement speed of center of pressure was higher under the static VR than under open-eye (|t| > 2.811, P < 0.01), and lower than under close-eye (t > 3.279, P < 0.01) on both planes; while it was higher under dynamic VR than under close-eye (|t| > 4.830, P < 0.001). After dynamic VR training, the average movement speed of center of pressure increased under open-eye stable floor standing (t = 2.305, P < 0.05), decreased under close-eye on both planes (t > 3.405, P < 0.01), and decreased under static and dynamic VR on both planes (|t| > 3.285, P < 0.01). After static VR training, the average movement speed of center of pressure increased under open-eye floor standing (t = 2.224, P < 0.05), decreased under close-eye sponge pad standing (t = 2.223, P < 0.05), and decreased under dynamic VR on both planes (|t| > 2.380, P < 0.05). The weight of vision decreased after training (t > 4.132, P < 0.001), and the visual weight under normal proprioception was less after dynamic VR training than after static VR training (t = 3.611, P < 0.01). ConclusionUnder static VR background, the balance stability is poorer than under open-eye, but stronger than under close-eye. Under dynamic VR background, the balance stability is poorer under close-eye. VR balance training may decrease the stability without interference, but improve the stability under interference, which may result from reducing the dependence on visual sensation and strengthening the use of vestibular sensation, especially after VR training with dynamic background.

Adolescent ; Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Therapeutic Irrigation

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors at present and has high incidence and mortality rates. Most patients are in the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and thus lose the opportunity for surgery and have poor prognosis. At this time, medical treatment focusing on drug therapy becomes an important method for the treatment of advanced liver cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, and endocrine therapy. This article reviews the recent research advances in drug therapy for advanced liver cancer.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of bronchoalveolar lavage on the heart rhythm and conduction of children with severe pneumonia through monitoring the electrocardiogram change of different step of the bronchoalveolar lavage, for proving the safety of the operation of bronchoalveolar lavage from the perspective of cardiac electrophysiology.

METHODFrom July 2011 to March 2012, 30 patients who were hospitalized in pneumology department of Dalian Children's Hospital and met the inclusion criteria and therapeutic indications of bronchoalveolar lavage were chosen. They were 3 to 12 years old, the average age was 5.3 years, including 17 boys and 13 girls, the ratio of boys and girls is 1.3: 1. Continuous sampling the electrocardiogram before and during the process including anesthesia, entering into glottis, lavage, aspiration, and revive, and recording the heart rate, rhythm amplitude and width of P wave, the PR interval, the form and width of QRS complex were also measured. The recorded data were analyzed and statistical analysis to reflect the change of the cardiac electrophysiology.

RESULTThe incidence of heart rate increase was 100.0%, 26 (86.7%) patients began to emerge after anesthesia, the rest of the patients also developed heart rate increase after the start of bronchoscopic operation. All patients had sinus tachycardia, and were most obvious in the progress of lavage and revive. In the process of entering into glottis, lavage, aspiration, 13 (43.3%) patients had arrhythmia episodes. Types of arrhythmia included sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block and premature beat. Incidences of intraoperative arrhythmia compared with the pre- and post-operation were all statistically significantly different (P = 0.00). The most common arrhythmia were premature beat, in 17 of the 30 cases there were premature beat including 9 cases with atrial premature beats and 8 cases ventricular premature contraction. Two patients had III° atrioventricular block accompanied by serious sinus bradycardia. All kinds of arrhythmias except sinus tachycardia disappeared after the operation was ended. Five patients (16.7%) had PR interval prolongation. Five patients (16.7%) had incomplete right bundle branch block (IRBBB) . Incidences of IRBBB compared with the pre-operation and post-operation were all not significantly different [13.3% (n = 4) vs. 0(n = 0) and 3.3% (n = 1), all P > 0.05]. Different operating progress made no significant difference in the measurement value of electrocardiogram[13.3% (n = 4) vs. 0(n = 0) and 3.3% (n = 1), all P > 0.05], but showed the most notable effect on heart rate.

CONCLUSIONBronchoalveolar lavage can influence the heart rhythm and conduction, but most of the influence with pathological significance are transient. Cardiac electrophysiological changes were the most obvious in endotracheal operation with the risk of malignant arrhythmia but the risk is low, the bronchoalveolar lavage technique is safe. The contingency plans for dealing with all kinds of adverse reactions must be ready before the operations of bronchoalveolar lavage. During the procedure, the patient's ECG changes should be closely monitored to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; adverse effects ; methods ; Bronchoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Cardiac Electrophysiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Block ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Pneumonia ; pathology ; therapy

Cross Infection ; microbiology ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; classification ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Hypopharynx ; Neurilemmoma

Autophagy, a conserved intracellular degradation system, is a specific life phenomenon in eukaryocytes. Autophagy is widely accepted as a pathway that double-membrane autophagosomes envelop and sequester intracellular cytoplasmic components and then fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, which degrade their contents to regenerate nutrients. Autophagy may be triggered by starvation and a diverse range of pathogens, including parasites. Following infection with intracellular parasites, host cells may eliminate parasites by autophagy. However, parasites may develop self-defense mechanisms, and promote the self-growth and -development by host cell autophagy. This review describes the advances in the interplay between parasitic infections and host cell autophagy. Understanding autophagy is of great significance for the management of parasitic infections and the development of antiparasitic drugs.

BACKGROUND: The mortality rate of lung cancer meningeal metastasis is extremely high. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been confirmed to be contain the genomic alterations present in tumors and has been used to monitor tumor progression and response to treatments. Due to the presence of blood-brain barrier and other factors, peripheral blood ctDNA cannot reflect the information of brain lesions for patients with meningeal metastases. However, cerebrospinal fluid ctDNA as a test sample can better reflect the genetic status of intracranial tumors and guide clinical targeted treatment of intracranial lesions. This study explored the feasibility of cerebrospinal fluid ctNDA for evaluating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) meningeal metastasis and the potential clinical value of cerebrospinal fluid ctDNA detection in NSCLC meningeal metastasis. METHODS: A total of 21 patients with NSCLC meningeal metastasis were included. Tumor genomic variation was performed on the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood samples of patients by second-generation gene sequencing technology. The situation was examined, and pathological evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid cytology and head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced examination were performed. RESULTS: ctDNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of 21 patients. The sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid ctDNA detection was superior to cytology in the diagnosis of meningeal metastasis (P<0.001). The detection rate and gene mutation abundance of cerebrospinal fluid were higher than plasma (P<0.001). Cerebro-spinal fluid had a unique genetic profile. In 6 patients with dynamic detection, changes of ctDNA allele fraction occurred at the same time or earlier than clinical disease changes, which could timely monitor drug resistance mechanism and relapse trend. CONCLUSIONS The detection rate of ctDNA in cerebrospinal fluid is higher than that in cytology and imaging. The detection of ctDNA in cerebrospinal fluid can reveal the specific mutation map of meningeal metastasis lesions. The dynamic monitoring of ctDNA in cerebrospinal fluid has hint significance for clinical response of lung cancer patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution and drug resistance of the isolated bacteria from children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Dalian.

METHODSBetween January 2006 and February 2007, 930 children with ARI were enrolled, including 364 with acute upper respiratory infection (AURI), and 566 with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). The AURI children, who did not receive antimicrobial agent treatment or received oral antimicrobial agents 1-2 times, had bacterial cultures of pharyngeal swab. The ALRI children, who received intravenous antibacterial agents more than 3 days, had bacterial cultures of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Isolated bacteria were identified by the ATB system (Bio-Merieux, France). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by means of Kirby-bauer.

RESULTSA total of 404 isolates (43.4%) were identified. Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 22.5%, 12.1% and 7.4% respectively. In the isolates from AURI, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 43.9%, 22.0% and 9.1% respectively; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Nonfermenters accounted for 4.5%, 8.3% and 3.0% respectively. In the isolates from ALRI, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 12.1%, 7.4% and 6.6% respectively; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Nonfermenters accounted for 16.9%, 13.2% and 21.8% respectively. The resistant rates of Haemophilus to ampicillin and TMP-SMZ were 29.3% and 32.9% respectively, and to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefalotin, cefaclor, cefuroxime and cefotaxime were 12.1%, 10.0%, 10.0%, 11.4% and 5.7%, respectively. The resistant rate of Haemophilus to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefaclor, tetracycine and TMP-SMZ in the ALRI group were significantly higher than that in the AURI group (P<0.05 or 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIn Dalian, Haemophilus was the main isolate of children with ARI. The distribution of bacteria was different between ALRI and AURI. In ALRI, Gram-negative bacilli were in a higher proportion, and the resistant rates of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefaclor were higher.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; microbiology