Objective　To observe the growth-associated protein-43(GAP-43),synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density 95（PSD95） in the amygdala of rats with epilepsy-associated depression (EAD),and to explore the role of these three synaptic-related proteins in the pathogenesis of EAD.Methods　Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into comorbidity group,epilepsy group,depression group and normal group.The lithium chloride-pilocarpine method was used to establish the epilepsy model.The epilepsy model was screened for depression 14 days after the model was established.The rats with epilepsy and depression were the comorbid group;the rats without depression were the epilepsy group.The chronic depression model was established in the depression group by chronic unpredictable moderate stress stimulation combined with orphan method.The normal group is healthy SD rats.On the 29th day (4 weeks later) after the successful modeling,the brain was taken out by intravital perfusion and fixation in vivo,and the amygdala was separated from the brain tissue.The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of GAP43,PSD95 and SYN protein in the amygdala of rats in each group.Results　Compared with the control groups,the number of GAP-43 and PSD95 immunohistochemical positive cells in the comorbid group was the least,and the normal control group was the most (P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in the other groups (P>0.05).Compared with the epilepsy group and the normal group,the SYN immunohistochemical positive cell expression in the comorbid group and depression group was reduced (P<0.05).The epilepsy group was more than that of the depression group,and less than that of the normal group (P<0.05).Conclusion　The decreased expression of GAP-43,SYN,and PSD95 in the amygdala of epileptic rats with depression may be related to the onset of depression in epilepsy rats.

Objective To observe the adhesion and growth of LLC-PK1 cells and ECV304 cells on titania nanotube arrays, and provide evidence for construction of miniaturation bioartificial kidney. Methods Four different diameters nanotube materials were prepared by anodic oxidation, each material was processed by unannealed and with UV irradiation, annealed and without UV irradiation, annealed and with UV irradiation, respectively, which had 12 groups totally,then two kinds of cells were separately grown on the 12 materials. The adhesion and growth of the two kinds of cells were studied under a fluorescence microscope. MTT assay was used to test the activity of two kinds of cells on different diameters and the proliferation of two kinds of cells on 70 nm diameters. Results The adhesion and proliferation of two kinds of cells on TiO2 nanotube arrays were basically consistent, both on anatase TiO2 nanotubes with 70 nm diameter but without UV irradiation showed the optimal adhesion and activity. The activities of LLC-PK1 cells and ECV304 cells were both increased with time extended, while the absorbance of ECV304 cells was higher on pure Ti film than on titania nanotube. Conclusion TiO2 nanotube is beneficial to LLC-PK1 cells, but is unfavorable for ECV304 cells when they grow alone.

Objective To study the level changes of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)and its clinical significance in patients with progressive ischemic stroke(PIS).Methods 136 cases of acute ischemic stroke including 46 cases of PIS and 90 cases of non-PIS,were studied.56 healthy subjects were selected into control group.MMP-9 level was measured by ELISA at 2,7 and 14 day after admission.The neurologic dysfunction score was observed.Results The MMP-9 level was ( 249.43 ± 63.76)μg/L,( 271.50±72.08 )μg/L,and (183.20 ±66.69)μg/L in PIS group,while it was (158.81±49.18 )μg/L,( 188.67±57.96 )μg/L,and ( 93.86 ±22.16)μg/L in non PIS group and was (88.60±15.93 )μg/L in control group at 2,7 and 14 days of admission.The MMP-9 level of PIS group at 2,7 and 14 day and the level in non PIS group at 2 and 7 day were higher than that of control group(P＜0.01 ).The MMP-9 level of PIS group was higher than that of different phrase of PIS group (P＜0.01 ).Linear X2 showed that the increase of MMP-9 level would increase the risk of ischemic stroke progression( X2=38.96,P＜0.01 ).Conclusion The remarkable increase of MMP-9 in patients with progressive ischemic stroke may be the indepent risk factor of the progression of ischemic stroke.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from the whole herb of Pholidota articulata. Methods: Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents. Their structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic and reported data. Results: A total of 17 compounds were isolated from 78% ethyl acetate extracts of P. articulata and identified as flavidin (1), flaccidin (2), imbricatin (3), coelonin (4), lusianthridin (5), hircinol (6), gigantol (7), batatasin III (8), 5,3'-dihydroxy-3-methoxybibenzyl (9), cirrhopetalidin (10), β-sitosterol (11), stigmasterol (12), glut-5-en-3-ol (13), laurostearic acid (14), 4, 4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (15), 3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (16), and trans-cinnamic acid (17). Conclusion: Compounds 3-17 are isolated from this plant for the first time. In addition, compounds 9, 10, 13, and 16 are found in the genus Pholidota for the first time.

Objective To study the overall similarity of composition-activity of different kinds of Paridis Rhizoma, and establish a new method for selecting alternative resources. Methods The HPLC method was used to detect the content of polyphyllin I, II, VI, and VII, and pharmacological model of analgesic and hemostatic were used to detect the efficacy. The data were standardized using standard deviation method. Using polyphyllin I, II, VI, and VII at minimum 0.6%, aspirin and Yunnan Baiyao Group analgesic and hemostatic efficacy data as standard controls, we also established component and activity indexes. SPSS 20.0 Software was used to analyze the principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of these seven medicinal plants. Results The total content of the main saponins in seven medicinal plants of Paris genus ranged from 0.125% to 1.649%, and the maximum content (1.649%) was found in the P. forrestii while the minimum content (0.125%) was found in P. daliensis. The study also disclosed that P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis has the most active analgesic activity, and the time of bleeding (BT) in mice and the time of coagulation (CT) in mice were the shortest in P. polyphylla. The shortest mice activated partial thrombin time (APTT) was P. forrestii and the longest was P. thibetica. The shortest prothrombin time (PT) in mice was P. vietnamensis. The longest BT in mice was P. daliensis. The longest CT and PT in mice was P. polyphylla. PCA and HCA results showed that P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, P. vietnamensis and P. thibetica were in the same class, while P. pubescens, P. daliensis, P. polyphylla, and P. forrestii were in another class. It is indicated that the overall similarity of component-activity of P. vietnamensis, P. thibetica, and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was higher, thus they can be considered as alternative sources. Conclusion The quality relations of different kinds of Paris genus were evaluated by the overall similarity of the component and activity index, which provides ideas and methods for the search of the replacement resources of the endangered plants.

AIM: To study the characteristics of new corneal biomechanical parameters in different degrees of myopia and analyze the correlation of the new parameter stress-strain index(SSI).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 366 adult patients(718 eyes)with different degrees of myopia who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from October 2021 to November 2021, aged 18-50 years, and the spherical equivalent(SE)was -0.50～-16.75D. The axial length(AL)of the eye was measured by IOL master, and the new corneal biomechanical parameters, central corneal thickness(CCT)and intraocular pressure(IOP)were measured by corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST). The subjects were categorized into low myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia groups according to SE. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson correlation.RESULTS: The ratio of the thinnest corneal thickness to horizontal thickness change rate(ARTh)and SSI were statistically significant(P<0.001), while the remaining parameters were not statistically significant(P>0.05). SSI was positively correlated with age(r=0.102, P=0.006), SE(r=0.361, P<0.001), IOP(r=0.175, P<0.001), CCT(r=0.098, P=0.009), SPA1(r=0.182, P<0.001), negatively correlated with AL(r=-0.331, P<0.001), IR(r=-0.545, P<0.001)and had no correlation with other corneal biomechanical parameters(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: With the increase of myopia degree and the elongation of the axial length, the SSI value becomes smaller and the corneal hardness decreases. SSI may be a helpful corneal biomechanical indicator for future research on myopia.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the acute toxicity， long-term toxicity， skin irritation and anaphylaxis of Bee venom （BV） plastics， and to evaluate its preclinical safety. METHODS： The acute toxicity of BV plastics to rats was investigated after administration of high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose （144， 96， 48 mg/kg） of BV plastics. The long-term toxicity of BV plastics was investigated by continuous administration of high-dose， medium-dose and low-dose （72， 48， 24 mg/kg） of BV plastics for 28 days. The irritation of intact and damaged skin in rabbits with 8 mg/kg BV plastics was investigated by using the self-control method of left and right homologous body. The skin anaphylaxis of guinea pig were investigated after sensitized with 15 mg/kg BV plastics on the left back （on 0， 7th， 14th day） and stimulated with 15 mg/kg BV plastics on the right back. RESULTS： During the acute toxicity experiment with BV plastic，the weight of rats and the changes of viscera were normal，and there was no relevant toxic reaction. Long-term toxicity test results showed that no significant pathological changes were observed at 24 h after the last administration； the spleen index  of rats in BV low-dose group， testicular index in middle-dose group and epididymis index in high-dose and middle-dose groups were significantly increased， while PT in plasma of rats in BV medium-dose and low-dose groups was significantly prolonged （P＜0.05）. There were no abnormal changes in organ appearance， other organ index， coagulation index and blood biochemical index. All above indexes became normal at the end of 2-week recovery period. Skin irritation test showed that BV plastics could cause slight erythema and obvious scab on the skin of rabbits which along with little irritation on intact or damaged skin. Skin anaphylaxis test showed that BV plastics produced mild erythema in the skin of guinea pigs， belonging to light allergy. CONCLUSIONS： No acute or long-term toxicity is observed after transdermal administration of BV plastics， which is safe and only causes mild irritation and irritability to skin， indicating there is good safety of the plastic under experiment doses.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, listed as a modern refractory disease by the World Health Organization, which is difficult to recover, whereas it is easy to be attacked repeatedly. UC pathogenesis is closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gut microbiota interacts with bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan, and other metabolism, immune system, intestinal barrier, etc., which regulate each other and affect the occurrence and development of UC. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), single herb and its extracts, and formulae can effectively alleviate UC symptoms by regulating the diversity, structure, composition, and metabolites of gut microbiota. In this review, the TCM based on the regulation of gut microbiota in the treatment of UC and its related mechanism for nearly three years was summarized.

Depression is a kind of mental disease with main symptoms of low mood and lack of pleasure, which seriously endangers human health. An appropriate depressive animal model is of great significance for the study of depression and new antidepressant drugs, while the suitable selection and matching of experimental animals, modeling methods and evaluation indexes are critical to eva-luate the scientificity and effectiveness of the depressive animal model. The study advance of depressive animal models in the aspects of experimental animal selection, modeling principle and method, characteristics, evaluation indexes and their application in traditional Chinese medicine are summarized through the systematic review of relevant literatures in PubMed, CNKI and other databases. The depressive animal modeling methods utilized in recent studies include stress, glucocorticoid induction, reserpine induction, lipopolysaccharide induction, surgical modeling, gene knockout, joint application modeling methods. Stress method is better to simulate the depressive symptoms of clinical patients, whereas there are some deficiencies, such as long modeling time and large cost. The depressive animal models induced by glucocorticoid, reserpine and lipopolysaccharide have the advantages of short modeling time and good controllability, but with a poor reliability. The pathogenesis of surgical modeling is highly matched with that of clinical depressive patients, whereas it has the defect of long postoperative recovery period. Gene knockout models can be used to study the precise role of specific genes in depression. However, its applicability may be restricted in studies on depression. The joint application modeling method can improve its reliability and accuracy, and attracts more and more attention. This paper provides a reference for the selection of animal models in future studies of pathological mechanism of depression, and screening and evaluation of antidepressant drugs.
Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Depression ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mental Disorders ; drug therapy ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activity of a novel molluscicide pyriclobenzuron against Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni in the mountain regions of Yunan Province, and test its toxicity to fish, so as to provide scientific evidence for the extensive application of this molluscicide in schistosomiasis-endemic foci of Yunan Province. Methods In the laboratory and snail-breeding field of Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, the molluscicidal activity of 5% wettable powder of pyriclobenzuron sulphate (25% PBU) against O. hupensis robertsoni was assessed by using the immersion and spraying method, and the acute toxicity of 25% PBU to carp fries was tested, while 25% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (50% WPNES) served as a control. Results The 1-, 2- and 3-day 25% PBU LC50 and LC90 values were 0.47, 0.25 and 0.23 mg/L, and 1.54, 0.61 and 0.49 mg / L for O. h. robertsoni by using the immersion method in laboratory, and immersion with 25% PBU at 1.0 mg / L for 1 day achieved a comparable molluscicidal efficacy in relative to 50% WPNES at 1.0 mg/L. Spraying with 25% PBU at 4.0 g/m² achieved 1-, 3- and 7-day snail mortalities of 64.23%, 96.67% and 100.00% in laboratory, respectively, which were not significantly different from those caused by treatment with 50% WPNES at 1.0 g/m² (all P values > 0.05). One-day field immersion with 25% PBU at doses of 1, 2 and 4 g/m³ resulted in snail mortalities of 90.00%, 93.33% and 100.00%, respectively, which were not significantly different from those caused by treatment with 50% WPNES at 1.0 g/m³ (all P values > 0.05), and 3-day field spraying with 25% PBU at doses of 2.0 and 4.0 g/m² caused snail mortalities of 86.36% and 87.72%, respectively, which were not significantly different from those caused by 50% WPNES treatment (both P values > 0.05). The 24-, 48- and 72-hour LC50 values of 25% PBU to carp fries were 29.38, 24.62 and 23.38 mg/L, respectively, and no fish death was observed within 72 hours of exposure to 25% PBU at a concentration of 17.5 mg/L and lower. Conclusion 25% PBU is a novel, highly potent and environment-friendly molluscicide that is feasible in fish ponds, and the recommended dose is 1 g/m³ for field immersion and 2 g/m² for field spraying in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province.