Objective　To observe the growth-associated protein-43(GAP-43),synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density 95（PSD95） in the amygdala of rats with epilepsy-associated depression (EAD),and to explore the role of these three synaptic-related proteins in the pathogenesis of EAD.Methods　Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into comorbidity group,epilepsy group,depression group and normal group.The lithium chloride-pilocarpine method was used to establish the epilepsy model.The epilepsy model was screened for depression 14 days after the model was established.The rats with epilepsy and depression were the comorbid group;the rats without depression were the epilepsy group.The chronic depression model was established in the depression group by chronic unpredictable moderate stress stimulation combined with orphan method.The normal group is healthy SD rats.On the 29th day (4 weeks later) after the successful modeling,the brain was taken out by intravital perfusion and fixation in vivo,and the amygdala was separated from the brain tissue.The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of GAP43,PSD95 and SYN protein in the amygdala of rats in each group.Results　Compared with the control groups,the number of GAP-43 and PSD95 immunohistochemical positive cells in the comorbid group was the least,and the normal control group was the most (P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in the other groups (P>0.05).Compared with the epilepsy group and the normal group,the SYN immunohistochemical positive cell expression in the comorbid group and depression group was reduced (P<0.05).The epilepsy group was more than that of the depression group,and less than that of the normal group (P<0.05).Conclusion　The decreased expression of GAP-43,SYN,and PSD95 in the amygdala of epileptic rats with depression may be related to the onset of depression in epilepsy rats.

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards scrub typhus control and analyse the influencing factors among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into management of scrub typhus in the county. Methods Two townships were randomly sampled from Longling County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province in July 2023, and 2 to 3 administrative villages were randomly selected from each township. Then, 20 to 40 households were randomly selected from each village, and 1 to 2 villagers were surveyed in each household. Residents’ KAP towards scrub typhus control was investigated, and factor affecting residents’ KAP towards scrub typhus control were identified with independent samples t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression analysis. Results A total of 417 questionnaires were allocated, and 410 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.32%. Of all respondents, 65.85% (270/410) heard of scrub typhus but were not familiar with it, and 12.68% (52/410) and 1.95% (8/410) were familiar and very familiar with it, respectively. Residents mainly acquired scrub typhus control knowledge via their relatives and friends. The knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores of the respondents with regard to scrub typhus were (34.14 ± 13.07), (55.04 ± 6.69), and (21.40 ± 5.61), respectively, and the total score for knowledge, belief, and behavior in relation to scrub typhus prevention and control was (110.57 ± 18.80). Univariate analysis revealed that age (F = 3.12, P < 0.05), education (F = 10.77, P < 0.05), occupation (F = 4.89, P < 0.05), frequency of outdoor activities (F = 3.61, P < 0.05), and type of place of residence (t = 1.33, P < 0.05) were the factors that influenced the participants’ scores for knowledge of the prevention and control of scrub typhus. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that literacy level (β = 10.20 to 16.71, P < 0.05) and category of residence (β = −7.23, P < 0.05) were the factors that influenced residents’ current knowledge and trust behavior in relation to scrub typhus. Conclusions Place of residence and educational level are critical factors affecting scrub typhus control among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province. Intensified health education pertaining to scrub typhus control and appropriate behavioral interventions are required among residents living in urban areas, with a low educational level and frequent outdoor activities.

Long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) is initially discovered and named in bladder cancer tissue,which is highly expressed in multi types of tumor tissues,such as bladder cancer,ovarian cancer,lung cancer,suggesting that UCA1 acts as oncogene.UCA1 is confirmed to regulate tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and migration,which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancers.UCA1 is expected to become a new biomarker for diagnosis,prognosis and drug susceptibility,which may be a promising therapeutic target of cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of antidiabetic drug canagliflozin （CGLZ） on adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome （NS） in rats， and the evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound （CEUS） combined with color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） during the treatment. MethodsA total of 56 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （NG）， model group （MG）， prednisone （PAT） group （PG）， low-dose single CGLZ group （LSCG）， high-dose single CGLZ group （HSCG）， low-dose CGLZ + PAT group （LUCG） and high-dose CGLZ + PAT group （HUCG）， with 8 rats in each group. The NS model in rats was induced by injecting adriamycin twice into the tail vein， and then the NS rats were treated by intragastric administration daily for 6 weeks with reference of PAT. Twenty-four hour urine total protein （24 h-UTP） was assessed one day before the start of oral administration and at the end of 2， 4 and 6 weeks after oral administration， respectively. CDFI and CEUS were performed on the right renal artery at the end of 6 weeks after oral administration， and the blood of abdominal aorta was taken for serological test the next day. ResultsCompared with those detection index of NG rats， the 24-hour UTP of MG rats increased （P＜0.01）， the serum ALB decreased and TG， TC， LDL increased （P＜0.01）， and CDFI shows that RRCT was thinner （P＜0.01） and the renal artery blood flow indicators RA-PI， RA-RI， RA-S/D all increased （P＜0.05）， and CEUS image shows that the TIC curve parameters TTP， AT， AUC all increased and DPI decrease in MG rats （P＜0.01）. After drug treatment， compared with those detection index of MG rats， 24 h-UTP decrease in LSCG after 2 weeks （P＜0.01）， and decrease significantly in all drug groups after 6 weeks （P＜0.01）； the serological test results show that the serum ALB in all CGLZ groups increased （P＜0.05）， TG decrease in LSCG （P＜0.01）， TC and LDL also decrease in LUCG after 6 weeks （P＜0.05）； CDFI shows that the RRCT thinning degree in all CGLZ is reduced （P＜0.01）， and the RA-PI in LSCG， RA-RI in PG， and RA-S/D in PG， LSCG， HSCG and LUCG rats all decreased （P＜0.05）； CEUS shows that the TTP， AT and AUC of renal TIC curve in drug treatment groups all decreased （P＜0.01）， and the DPI in PG， HSCG， LUCG and HUCG rats increased （P＜0.01）. ConclusionsCGLZ has the effect of treating NS， and the small dose is the best. CEUS combined with CDFI can be used to evaluate the renal morphology and hemodynamic changes of NS model rats before and after drug treatment， which is helpful to guide clinical application.

ObjectiveTo study the anti-tumor activity and mechanism of Lycopus lucidus polysaccharide （LLP） in vitro. MethodCell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of LLP （0， 5， 10， 15， 20 g·L^-1） on the proliferation of A549 cells at different time points （24，48，72 h）. The migration and invasion abilities of A549 cells were detected by wound healing assay and transwell assay after LLP （10， 20 g·L^-1） treatment for 24，48 h. Propidium iodide （PI） single staining was applied to determine the effect of LLP of different concentrations （10，20 g·L^-1） on the cell cycle of A549. The apoptosis of A549 cells induced by LLP （10， 20 g·L^-1） was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI kit. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was adopted to measure effect of LLP （10， 20 g·L^-1） on gene expression of cysteine aspartate protease-3 （Caspase-3），cysteine aspartate protease-8 （Caspase-8），cysteine aspartate protease-9 （Caspase-9），cyclin-dependent kinase-1 （CDK-1）， and Cyclin B₁ in A549 cells. Western blot was used to detect the effect of LLP on protein expression of Caspase-3，Caspase-8，Caspase-9，B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）-associated X protein （Bax），CDK-1，cyclin-dependent kinase-4 （CDK-4），cyclin-dependent kinase-6 （CDK-6），Cyclin B₁，and Cyclin D₁ in A549 cells. ResultCompared with the blank group， the LLP group showed decreased proliferation， migration， and invasion of A549 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased proportion of G₀/G₁ phase （P<0.05）， enhanced apoptosis rate （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated mRNA expression of Caspase-3，Caspase-8，and Caspase-9 （P<0.05，P<0.01）， reduced mRNA expression of CDK-1 and Cyclin B₁ （P<0.05，P<0.01）， up-regulated protein expression of Caspase-3，Caspase-8，Caspase-9， and Bax （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein expression of Bcl-2， CDK-1， CDK-4， CDK-6， Cyclin B₁， and Cyclin D₁ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionLLP can inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells， block the cell cycle in the G₀/G₁ phase （also G₂/M phase）， and induce cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor pathway.

Objective:Five popular DNA barcoding sequences，namely ITS，ITS2，rbcL，matK and psbA-trnH，were employed to evaluate the identification efficiency of multi-source ethnodrug Rodgersiae Rhizoma，and the most suitable sequence was then screened out. Method:Efficiency of polymerase chain reaction（PCR） amplification，success rate of sequencing，intra- and inter-specific distances calculated by rank sum test，phylogenetic tree constructed with neighbor-joining（NJ） method and identification efficiency assessed by Blast 1 and NJ method were adopted in this study. Result:Efficiency of PCR amplification and success rate of sequencing for ITS，ITS2，psbA-trnH，rbcL and matK were 100%，96.61% ，100%，98.31%，100%，100%，100%，100%，98.31% and 98.31%，respectively. Intra- and inter-specific genetic distances and identification achievement rate for psbA-trnH were the highest among the five candidate sequences. Besides，the average coalescent depth was less than the smallest interspecific distance for psbA-trnH. Phylogenetic tree also illustrated that Rodgersiae Rhizoma could be distinguished based on psbA-trnH. Conclusion:According to the findings，psbA-trnH was superior to other DNA barcodes. Therefore， psbA-trnH was recommended as the ideal DNA barcode for the identification of multi-source ethnodrug Rodgersiae Rhizoma.