Objective　To observe the growth-associated protein-43(GAP-43),synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density 95（PSD95） in the amygdala of rats with epilepsy-associated depression (EAD),and to explore the role of these three synaptic-related proteins in the pathogenesis of EAD.Methods　Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into comorbidity group,epilepsy group,depression group and normal group.The lithium chloride-pilocarpine method was used to establish the epilepsy model.The epilepsy model was screened for depression 14 days after the model was established.The rats with epilepsy and depression were the comorbid group;the rats without depression were the epilepsy group.The chronic depression model was established in the depression group by chronic unpredictable moderate stress stimulation combined with orphan method.The normal group is healthy SD rats.On the 29th day (4 weeks later) after the successful modeling,the brain was taken out by intravital perfusion and fixation in vivo,and the amygdala was separated from the brain tissue.The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of GAP43,PSD95 and SYN protein in the amygdala of rats in each group.Results　Compared with the control groups,the number of GAP-43 and PSD95 immunohistochemical positive cells in the comorbid group was the least,and the normal control group was the most (P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in the other groups (P>0.05).Compared with the epilepsy group and the normal group,the SYN immunohistochemical positive cell expression in the comorbid group and depression group was reduced (P<0.05).The epilepsy group was more than that of the depression group,and less than that of the normal group (P<0.05).Conclusion　The decreased expression of GAP-43,SYN,and PSD95 in the amygdala of epileptic rats with depression may be related to the onset of depression in epilepsy rats.

Long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) is initially discovered and named in bladder cancer tissue,which is highly expressed in multi types of tumor tissues,such as bladder cancer,ovarian cancer,lung cancer,suggesting that UCA1 acts as oncogene.UCA1 is confirmed to regulate tumor cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and migration,which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancers.UCA1 is expected to become a new biomarker for diagnosis,prognosis and drug susceptibility,which may be a promising therapeutic target of cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of antidiabetic drug canagliflozin （CGLZ） on adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome （NS） in rats， and the evaluation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound （CEUS） combined with color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） during the treatment. MethodsA total of 56 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （NG）， model group （MG）， prednisone （PAT） group （PG）， low-dose single CGLZ group （LSCG）， high-dose single CGLZ group （HSCG）， low-dose CGLZ + PAT group （LUCG） and high-dose CGLZ + PAT group （HUCG）， with 8 rats in each group. The NS model in rats was induced by injecting adriamycin twice into the tail vein， and then the NS rats were treated by intragastric administration daily for 6 weeks with reference of PAT. Twenty-four hour urine total protein （24 h-UTP） was assessed one day before the start of oral administration and at the end of 2， 4 and 6 weeks after oral administration， respectively. CDFI and CEUS were performed on the right renal artery at the end of 6 weeks after oral administration， and the blood of abdominal aorta was taken for serological test the next day. ResultsCompared with those detection index of NG rats， the 24-hour UTP of MG rats increased （P＜0.01）， the serum ALB decreased and TG， TC， LDL increased （P＜0.01）， and CDFI shows that RRCT was thinner （P＜0.01） and the renal artery blood flow indicators RA-PI， RA-RI， RA-S/D all increased （P＜0.05）， and CEUS image shows that the TIC curve parameters TTP， AT， AUC all increased and DPI decrease in MG rats （P＜0.01）. After drug treatment， compared with those detection index of MG rats， 24 h-UTP decrease in LSCG after 2 weeks （P＜0.01）， and decrease significantly in all drug groups after 6 weeks （P＜0.01）； the serological test results show that the serum ALB in all CGLZ groups increased （P＜0.05）， TG decrease in LSCG （P＜0.01）， TC and LDL also decrease in LUCG after 6 weeks （P＜0.05）； CDFI shows that the RRCT thinning degree in all CGLZ is reduced （P＜0.01）， and the RA-PI in LSCG， RA-RI in PG， and RA-S/D in PG， LSCG， HSCG and LUCG rats all decreased （P＜0.05）； CEUS shows that the TTP， AT and AUC of renal TIC curve in drug treatment groups all decreased （P＜0.01）， and the DPI in PG， HSCG， LUCG and HUCG rats increased （P＜0.01）. ConclusionsCGLZ has the effect of treating NS， and the small dose is the best. CEUS combined with CDFI can be used to evaluate the renal morphology and hemodynamic changes of NS model rats before and after drug treatment， which is helpful to guide clinical application.

ObjectiveTo study the anti-tumor activity and mechanism of Lycopus lucidus polysaccharide （LLP） in vitro. MethodCell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of LLP （0， 5， 10， 15， 20 g·L^-1） on the proliferation of A549 cells at different time points （24，48，72 h）. The migration and invasion abilities of A549 cells were detected by wound healing assay and transwell assay after LLP （10， 20 g·L^-1） treatment for 24，48 h. Propidium iodide （PI） single staining was applied to determine the effect of LLP of different concentrations （10，20 g·L^-1） on the cell cycle of A549. The apoptosis of A549 cells induced by LLP （10， 20 g·L^-1） was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI kit. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was adopted to measure effect of LLP （10， 20 g·L^-1） on gene expression of cysteine aspartate protease-3 （Caspase-3），cysteine aspartate protease-8 （Caspase-8），cysteine aspartate protease-9 （Caspase-9），cyclin-dependent kinase-1 （CDK-1）， and Cyclin B₁ in A549 cells. Western blot was used to detect the effect of LLP on protein expression of Caspase-3，Caspase-8，Caspase-9，B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）-associated X protein （Bax），CDK-1，cyclin-dependent kinase-4 （CDK-4），cyclin-dependent kinase-6 （CDK-6），Cyclin B₁，and Cyclin D₁ in A549 cells. ResultCompared with the blank group， the LLP group showed decreased proliferation， migration， and invasion of A549 cells （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased proportion of G₀/G₁ phase （P<0.05）， enhanced apoptosis rate （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated mRNA expression of Caspase-3，Caspase-8，and Caspase-9 （P<0.05，P<0.01）， reduced mRNA expression of CDK-1 and Cyclin B₁ （P<0.05，P<0.01）， up-regulated protein expression of Caspase-3，Caspase-8，Caspase-9， and Bax （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein expression of Bcl-2， CDK-1， CDK-4， CDK-6， Cyclin B₁， and Cyclin D₁ （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionLLP can inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells， block the cell cycle in the G₀/G₁ phase （also G₂/M phase）， and induce cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor pathway.

Objective:To study the chemical constituents, especially hallucinogenic substances of fruiting bodies of Gymnopilus spectabilis from France. Method:The fruiting bodies of G. spectabilis were extracted with chloroform-acetone-methanol (1:1:1),then the compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography,gel chromatography,MPLC and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis methods, such as 1D-NMR,2D-NMR and MS. Result:Six polyisoprenepolyols compounds were isolated and identified from fruiting bodies of G. spectabilis,namely gymnopilene A (1),hypsiziprenol B₁₀,A₁₀,A₁₁(2-4),gymnopilin A₁₀,3a(5-6). Conclusion:Compound 1 is a new compound that is named gymnopilene A,and compounds 1-4 are isolated from G. spectabilis for the first time.

Objective　At present, the main studies of ginsenoside Rg1 are almost on the field of solid tumors and acute leukemias, and few on chronic leukemias. We aims to figure out the role of ATR-Chk1 pathway on cell aging in ginsenoside Rg1-treated leukemia K562 cells.　Methods　K562 cells were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 at different concentrations and divided into a control group (with 50 μL PBS culture solution) and 5 μmol/L ginsenoside group, 10 μmol/L ginsenoside group, 20 μmol/L ginsenoside group, 40 μmol/L ginsenoside group, 80 μmol/L ginsenoside group. CCK-8 assay，colony formation assay and flow cytometry for cell cycle detection were used to determine the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the aging of K562 cells. SA-β-Gal staining and Wright’s staining were used to observe the morphological changes of K562 cells’ aging. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the changes of ATR and Chk1 expression.　Results　The colony formation rate of K562 cells in the 20 μmol/L ginsenoside group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05). CCK-8 test results showed that K562 cell proliferation of ginsenoside Rg1 induced groups was higher than that of the control group at 24, 48, and 72 hours (P<0.05). K562 cell proliferation inhibition rate was the highest in 20 μmol/L ginsenoside group for 48 hours treatment (P<0.05). The rate of SA-β-Gal positive cells [(95.833 ± 1.528) %] in 20 μmol/L ginsenoside-treated K562 cells for 48 h was significantly higher than that of the control group [(3.083 ± 0.764) %]. Cells blocked in G0/G1 phase and entered S and G2/M phases were significantly higher and lower than those in the control group, respectively (P<0.05).The ATR and Chk1 mRNA expression levels [(0.0117 ± 0.0038) %, (0.0120 ± 0.0021) %] were significantly higher than that of the control group ([0.0027 ± 0.0006) %, (0.0058 ± 0.0019) %) (P<0.05). ATR and Chk1 relative protein expression levels [(19.370 ± 0.994) %, (43.520 ± 1.236) %] were significantly increased compared with that of the control group [(17.080 ± 1.274) %, (39.100 ± 0.969) %) (P<0.05).　Conclusion　Ginsenoside Rg1 can induce the aging of K562 cells by regulating the ATR-Chk1 pathway, providing a new target for clinical leukemia treatment.

Objective:Five popular DNA barcoding sequences，namely ITS，ITS2，rbcL，matK and psbA-trnH，were employed to evaluate the identification efficiency of multi-source ethnodrug Rodgersiae Rhizoma，and the most suitable sequence was then screened out. Method:Efficiency of polymerase chain reaction（PCR） amplification，success rate of sequencing，intra- and inter-specific distances calculated by rank sum test，phylogenetic tree constructed with neighbor-joining（NJ） method and identification efficiency assessed by Blast 1 and NJ method were adopted in this study. Result:Efficiency of PCR amplification and success rate of sequencing for ITS，ITS2，psbA-trnH，rbcL and matK were 100%，96.61% ，100%，98.31%，100%，100%，100%，100%，98.31% and 98.31%，respectively. Intra- and inter-specific genetic distances and identification achievement rate for psbA-trnH were the highest among the five candidate sequences. Besides，the average coalescent depth was less than the smallest interspecific distance for psbA-trnH. Phylogenetic tree also illustrated that Rodgersiae Rhizoma could be distinguished based on psbA-trnH. Conclusion:According to the findings，psbA-trnH was superior to other DNA barcodes. Therefore， psbA-trnH was recommended as the ideal DNA barcode for the identification of multi-source ethnodrug Rodgersiae Rhizoma.