Interaction with Candida albicans (C. albicans) causes secretion of a variety of cytokines by macrophages. Although macrophages and neutrophils are thought to be major effector cell types in inflammation, fibroblasts have also been shown to participate in a wide array of inflammatory reactions. The patterns of cytokine gene (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) expression have been examined in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) and thioglycollate-elicited murine peritoneal macrophages (macrophages) in response to Candida spp. (C. albicans and C. tropicalis) and compared with NIH 3T3 and macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by using RT-PCR. Active and heat inactivated (100'C, 30min) C. albicans and C. tropicalis were used at 1:10 (macrophages or NIH 3T3: yeasts ratio) concentration as a stimulators. Active and inactivated forms of Candidn spp. induced same patterns of cytokine gene expression on macrophages or NIH 3T3 cells. IL-6 mRNA was induced on both macrophages and fibroblasts, but IL-4 mRNA was not induced on both of them. Howerver, IL-10 mRNA expression was observed differently in that it was expressed in macrophages but not in fibroblasts. C. albicans-induced cytokine mRNA expression were same to C. tropicalis-induced one. C. albicans or C. tropicalis-induced cytokines gene expression (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) showed same patterns to LPS-induced one. These observation provide that, although C. albicans and C. tropicalis have different pathogenic activity, they can induce the expression of Th2 cell-derived cytokine genes with same patterns, and IL-10 gene expression may be in a cell type specific manner. But further experiment with various kinds of fibroblasts is needed to determine cell type-specific manner in C. albicans or C. tropicalis-induced IL-10 gene expression.
Animals ; Candida albicans ; Candida* ; Cytokines ; Fibroblasts* ; Gene Expression* ; Hot Temperature ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-6 ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Peritoneal* ; Mice* ; Neutrophils ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; Yeasts

The vascular involvement is seen in 8% to 24% of patients with Behçet's syndrome. Arterial lesions are less frequently observed and the involvement of renal artery is very rare. Indeed, there is only one case report of ruptured renal aneurysm due to Behc et's disease. We report a case of renal artery rupture, which was likely caused by Behçet's disease. Even though we cannot completely rule out the other causes of renal artery rupture with this patient, the rupture was likely due to vascular involvement of Behçet's disease. Dermatologists always should consider the possibility of major vessel involvement when they treat patients with Behçet's disease, even if the incidence is very low and the patient may not complain of any systemic symptoms. INTRODUCTION: Behçet's disease was first defined by Hulusi Behçet's in 1937 as a multisystemic disease with the triad of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, genital ulceration and relapsing iritis. Its etiology remains obscure. It is accepted that the pathologic process of Behçet's disease is an immunologic vasculitis. Among vascilar lesions, the venous system is the major affected site. Arterial lesions, such as aneurysms or occlusions, are rarely reported, but sometimes adversely affects the course of the disease. Aneurysm formation is known to be life-threatening because of the risk of rupture.
Aneurysm ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iritis ; Renal Artery* ; Rupture* ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis

No abstract available.
Female ; Ovary*

Removal of blunt esophageal foreign bodies using Foley catheter under a fluoroscopic guidance is a well-recognized procedure. However, since this procedure is rather cumbersome and uncomfortable to the patient, the authors tried to find an easier and more convenient modified technique. For 10 patients with esophageal foreign body, we tried the method to the patients who is lying in the right lateral decubitus position and 3 assistants hold head. arms, trunk and legs of the patients without tilting the table and without using immobilizer. Foley catheter is inserted through nostril, nasal cavity and pharynx to esophagus. In order to identify the Foley catheter in esophagus, 0.025 inch short wire was inserted in the Foley catheter. The balloon of a Foley catheter was inflated by 10cc of air, and the syringe was kept attached to the Foley catheter during the procedure. After passage of the foreign body through the upper esophageal sphincter, the balloon was deflated immediately and the foreign body was removed through the mouth. We successfully removed in removing all the blunt esophageal foreign body with ease. This modified method is also fast, safe and efficient.
Arm ; Catheters* ; Deception ; Esophageal Sphincter, Upper ; Esophagus ; Foreign Bodies* ; Head ; Humans ; Leg ; Methods* ; Mouth ; Nasal Cavity ; Pharynx ; Syringes

Aneurysm of the internal carotid artery is a rare disease and is known to be associated with congenital arterial anomalies such as neurofibromatosis type I (NF-I). NF-I is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder characterized by a variety of manifestations that involve the central and peripheral nervous systems, skin, vascular system, and skeleton. In particular, the involvement of vascular abnormalities in NF-I is well known. Any vessel may be affected by this condition, although the renal artery is most frequently involved. The vascular abnormality can be occlusive or an aneurysmal degenerative change. Therefore, symptomatic presentations might assume an indolent pathophysiologic course such as hypertension, or manifest as a catastrophic event such as arterial rupture that could result in sudden death. We report a rare autopsy case of an aneurysmal rupture of the internal carotid artery in a woman with suspected NF-I, who collapsed in her home.
Aneurysm ; Autopsy ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Death, Sudden ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Rare Diseases ; Renal Artery ; Rupture ; Skeleton ; Skin

No abstract available.
Blood Coagulation Factors* ; Fibrinogen*

No abstract available.
Blood Coagulation Factors* ; Fibrinogen*

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous tumor is very rare. In the worldwide literature, only 14 cases have been reported. Herein, we report two cases of retroperitoneal mucinous tumor found at laparotomy. The patients were females, aged 24 and 21 years, respectively. They had bilateral normal ovaries. Histologically, one was mucinous cystadenoma and the other showed borderline histology. The connective tissue wall resembling ovarian stroma was noted in one case. The pathogenesis was discussed.
Female ; Humans

Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast is very rare(l -3% of breast cancer). It is defined as a tumor composed of more than 50% of optically clear, neoplastic cells, characterized by centrally located nuclei and abundant cytoplasm, being positive for periodic acid Schiff(PAS) and negative for periodic acid Schiff after diastase(D-PAS) treatment. In the absence of intraductal or in situ lobular carcinoma component, metastatic clear cell carcinomas of other organs should be considered as diagnostic possibilities. We report a case of glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma arisen in a 62-year-old woman. The tumor revealed both solid and papillary pattern with intraductal component. The neoplastic cells had clear cytoplasm, which were PAS positive, D-PAS negative, mucicarmine negative and oil red 0 negative. More than 90% of tumor cells exhibited moderate staining for anti-estrogen receptor monoclonal antibody. Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed diploid DNA content.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Breast Neoplasms

Anal duct carcinoma is a rare tumor, and accounts for less than 5 percent of all anal cancers, which typically present a long-standing perianal fistulas. Some authors suggest that the fistulous tracts are congenital duplications of the lower end of the hind gut lined by rectal mucosa which is prone to malignant change to mucinous adenocarcinoma. It is usually a well differentiated mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinoma. The prognosis after wide excision of the rectum is relatively good. Since 1985, we have had three cases of anal duct carcinoma with well differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma involving the posterior wall of the anus. Two patients had a long history of perianal fistula with mucinous discharge. There was no spread to the regional lymph node except one patient who had regional lymph node metastasis, and post-operative chemotherapy and radiation therapy were then given. All patients have no evidence of any recurrent problem at 16 months to 3 years following the surgical treatment. Because of their rarity and the failure of recognition at an early stage, we are presenting three cases to emphasize the characteristic features of this insidious, slow-growing carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma