Accessory fissures serve not only as natural barriers against infection but also help in localizing any focal pulmonary parenchymal diseases and in distinguishing pleural from parenchymal diseases. Knowledge of these fissures might be useful in differentiating unusual forms of atelectasis or consolidation occuring adjacent to the fissure. Left minor fissure (LMF) is a kind of unusual accessory fissures of the left lung, which separates adjacent segments of the upper lobe as clefts of various depths lined by two layers of visceral pleura. In this study, 4 cases of LMFs found in the left upper lobe during a routine dissection of 36 cadavers were observed. Of the 4 cases, 3 cases were true LMFs which located between the anterior segment of the upper lobe and superior segment of lingula, and 1 case was considered as left azygos fissure. Among the true LMFs, 2 LMFs coursed horizontally and 1 LMF coursed upward obliquely along the costal surface. The depth of LMFs was 0.5~1.2 cm and the length was 5~8 cm.
Cadaver ; Lung* ; Pleura ; Pulmonary Atelectasis

The present study was conducted to provide the basis for improvement of clinical nutrition services through development of job standards of clinical dietitian for the clinical nutrition therapy to cancer patients in hospitals. Developing A Curriculum (DACUM) method was used for job analysis and development of job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care. Based on DACUM analysis, information about duties, tasks, and task elements of clinical dietitians for cancer care was collected. Developed job standards were applied to clinical nutrition care for cancer patients in hospitals for evaluation. Based on DACUM analysis, consultations from professionals, and field application tests, the final job standards were composed of four duties, 18 tasks, and 56 task elements. The duties consisted of nutritional assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoring.evaluation. For cancer nutrition care, 109 work activities were developed. They were composed of 75 basic and 34 recommended work activities. The application of developed job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care at 10 hospitals showed a performance rate of 72.3%. In conclusion, job standards for clinical dietitians for cancer care developed in this study might be effectively used as guidelines for providing clinical nutrition services for cancer patients in hospitals.
Curriculum ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutrition Therapy* ; Nutritionists* ; Referral and Consultation

This study was conducted to develop job standards for clinical dietitian administering clinical nutrition therapy to diabetic patients in hospitals. Based on DACUM (Developing A Curriculum) analysis of 17 members including clinical dietitians, professors majoring in clinical nutrition and researchers, information on duties, tasks and task elements of clinical dietitians for diabetes care were derived and applied to diabetes mellitus-specific clinical nutrition care in hospitals for evaluation. The final developed job standards for clinical dietitians for diabetes care included four duties, 19 tasks and 56 task elements. The duties consisted of nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention, and nutrition monitoring . evaluation. For application of diabetes mellitus-specific job standards in clinical nutrition care, 108 work activities were developed and classified into 90 basic and 18 recommended types. Performance rates of standardized jobs were 80.2% at nutrition assessment, 99.6% at nutrition diagnosis, 78.5% at nutrition intervention, and 32.9% at nutrition monitoring . evaluation. These results can be applied as guidelines to implement jobs for diabetes mellitus-specific clinical nutrition services in clinical settings. In addition, they would be useful for education standards in educational institutions for education and training of clinical dietitian.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Humans ; Job Description ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutrition Therapy* ; Nutritionists*

Dyslipidemia has significantly contributed to the increase of death and morbidity rates related to cardiovascular diseases. Clinical nutrition service provided by dietitians has been reported to have a positive effect on relief of medical symptoms or reducing the further medical costs. However, there is a lack of researches to identify key competencies and job standard for clinical dietitians to care patients with dyslipidemia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the job components of clinical dietitian and develop the standard for professional practice to provide effective nutrition management for dyslipidemia patients. The current status of clinical nutrition therapy for dyslipidemia patients in hospitals with 300 or more beds was studied. After duty tasks and task elements of nutrition care process for dyslipidemia clinical dietitians were developed by developing a curriculum (DACUM) analysis method. The developed job standards were pretested in order to evaluate job performance, difficulty, and job standards. As a result, the job standard included four jobs, 18 tasks, and 53 task elements, and specific job description includes 73 basic services and 26 recommended services. When clinical dietitians managing dyslipidemia patients performed their practice according to this job standard for 30 patients the job performance rate was 68.3%. Therefore, the job standards of clinical dietitians for clinical nutrition service for dyslipidemia patients proposed in this study can be effectively used by hospitals.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Curriculum ; Dyslipidemias* ; Humans ; Job Description ; Nutrition Therapy* ; Nutritionists ; Professional Practice

Ionizing radiation exerts harmful effect during the limb development, but the exact mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, 2 Gy of X-ray irradiated to the rat fetuses on gestation day of 13.7 when the hindlimb buds appear, and sacrificed at GD 14.7, GD 15.7 and GD 16.7, respectively. To reveal the changes of apoptotic figures between control and experimental groups, TUNEL immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy were carried. Mean body weight of fetuses of irradiated groups were decreased significantly compared to the control group. Numerical digit anomalies and asymmetries between right and left sides were increased significantly in the irradiated group compared to control group. Some digit anomalies were increased significantly in the right side. Radiation-induced decrement of the density of apoptotic figures on GD 14.7 was presumed to be related with foot and digit anomalies.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Body Weight ; Extremities ; Fetus* ; Foot ; Hindlimb* ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Morphogenesis ; Pregnancy ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Rats*