Objective:To determine whether heme oxygenase-2(HO-2) gene deletion can attenuate oxidative injury induced by free Fe2+. Methods:Stereotactic injection of 10 μl sterile FeCl2 (10 mmol/L) was made into the right striata of HO-2 knockout mice and wild-type mice. Brain edema severity was measured at 24 h. Cell viability, protein oxidation, and lipid oxidation of the basal ganglia were determined at 72 h. Western blot analysis was applied for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) measurement.Results: Brain water content significantly decreased in HO-2 knockout mice at 24 h compared with wild-type mice. Protein oxidation and lipid oxidation significantly decreased in HO-2 knockout mice at 72 h compared with wild-type mice, while the striatal cell viability increased significantly. HO-1 expression at baseline and 72 h was also similar to that in wild-type mice. Conclusion:These results show that HO-2 gene deletion can protect basal ganalia cells from free Fe2+ -mediated oxidative stress injury,suggesting that selective inhibition of HO-2 may have a protective effect on brain oxidative injury.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF ?) on C6 glioma using 1?H MR spectroscopy, and to evaluate the practical value of 1?H MR spectroscopy in observing therapeutic effect Methods C6 cell mixed with low boiling point argarous were inoculated in caudate nuclear in 33 rats by using sterotatic method By using high magnetic field spectrometer, high resolution 1?H MR spectroscopy was carried at a 3 day interval until 15 days after treatment with TNF ? The relative choline containing compound (Cho),N acetyl aspartate (NAA),creatine (Cr), Cho/Cr,NAA /Cr,and NAA/Cho were analyzed with statistic method Results The Cho decreased obviously 3 days after TNF ? treatment( P

Objective To analyze and summarize the experiences in diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) so as to increase the cure rate and survival rate. Methods A retrospective study was made on the diagnoses and treatment of 4 462 cases of sTBI inclu-ding 3 298 males (73.9%) and 1 164 females (26.1%). The most frequent cause for injury was traffic accident, accounting for 35.5% (1 583/4 462). Closed bead injury ocurred in 3 654 cases (81.9%) and open head injury in 808 (18.1%). The most commen clinical manifestations included unconscious-ness, changes of pupils and life signs. Of all, 1 158 cases (26.0%) were found with combined injury and 1 356 (30.4%) with complications. Treatment measures included first aid, surgery or conventional treatment. Emphasis was put on the treatment of secondary insults. Results Surgery was performed in 3 023 cases (67.7%) including craniotomy for hematoma clearance in 856 cases and hematoma clearance plus decompression in 2 167, with mortality rate of 17.9%. Conventional treatment was carried out in 1 439 cases (32.3%), with mortality rate of 23.7%. There were 2 462 eases (55.2%) with fair recov-ery, 508 (11.4%) with mild disability, 339 (7.6%) with severe disability, 272 (6.1%) under vege-tative state and 881 (19.7%) deaths on discharge according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Conelu-sions Active diagnoses and treatment, strict medication rules and prevention and treatment of secondary insults may be key to higher eure rate as well as lower morbidity and mortality of sTBI.

OBJECTIVETo establish rat C6 brain-tumor models and find a simple reliable index to judge tumor volume.

METHODSC6 cell suspension (10 microl) containing 10 g/L agarose and 1 x 10(6) cells was injected into the right caudate nucleus of the rat brain by a stereotaxic method. After implantation, rats were observed and given MRI scans. Rats were perfused with paraformaldehyde trans-aorta at the 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th day and before natural death. All brains, lungs, spinal cords and tumors were sectioned and inspected. Tumor-containing samples were prepared histologically by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stains.

RESULTSFifty implanted rats had 100% yield of intracerebral growth, with distant metastasis of 0% to 4%.

CONCLUSIONA rat C6 brain-tumor model was successfully established. Rat survival time is correlated with tumor volume and may be useful as an index of tumor size.

Animals ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glioma ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Rats

Objective Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of disability attitude scales(DAS-CN)toward disabled persons were created and tested to provide an assessment instrument for measuring the attitude of medical staff toward disabled persons in China.Methods Authorised by the author of DAS in August 2020,based on BRISLIN translation model,the English version of DAS was translated into Chinese followed by back translation,cultural debugging and then put it into pre-experiment in September 2020.The reliability and validity of the finalised DAS-CN were further tested in a survey with 400 randomly selected medical staff in rehabilitation from 8 general hospitals in Jinzhou,Panjin,Yingkou and Fushun in Liaoning Province,China by using the convenience sampling method in March 2021.Results A total of 357 surveyees completed the survey.The localised DSA-CN was composed of 4 dimensions with a total of 20 items,including 4 items in clinical knowledge and skills,4 in clinical responsibility,8 in clinical behaviour and 4 in emotional response.The Cronbach α coefficient of the scales was 0.943,with the split-half reliability and test-retest reliability at 0.824 and 0.899,respectively.The Cronbach α coefficient of each dimension was 0.843～0.944,and the split half reliability was 0.854～0.904.The test-retest reliability ranged from 0.701 to 0.913.The KMO value of exploratory factor analysis was 0.921.The Bartrett spherical test value was 5534.981(P<0.01).The total explanatory rate of variation was 73.050%.Conclusion The Chinese version of Disability Attitude Scales(DSA-CN)has good reliability and validity.Therefore,DSA-CN can be used as an instrument in investigation of the current status about the attitudes towards the disabled persons among the medical staff in China.

【Objective】 To identify the risk factors for recurrence and malignant transformation (MT) in patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) after surgery. 【Methods】 The data of 163 patients who underwent LGG resection and subsequent follow-up from March 2009 to April 2019 were retrospectively collected. Patients who did not experience recurrence or MT after surgery were included in the control group (85 cases), those who experienced recurrence after surgery were included in the observation 1 group (44 cases), and those who experienced MT after surgery were included in the observation 2 group (34 cases). Based on the clinical data of the three groups of patients, their clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the risk factors and predictive value for recurrence and MT were explored using Logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. 【Results】 There were significant differences between the control group and the observation 1 group in preoperative seizure, preoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score, and surgical approach (P<0.05). There were significant differences between the control group and the observation 2 group in gender, preoperative KPS score, tumor size, and surgical approach (P<0.05). There were significant differences between the control group and the observation 1 group in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cancer-testis antigen OY-TES-1, OY-TES-1 mRNA protein, tumor suppressor protein p53, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (P<0.05). There were significant differences between the control group and the observation 2 group in PCNA, MMP-9, cancer-testis antigen OY-TES-1, OY-TES-1 mRNA protein, or VEGF (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that IDH mutation, MMP-9, and PCNA were independent risk factors for LGG recurrence (P<0.05), while VEGF, MMP-9, and PCNA were independent risk factors for LGG MT (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of PCNA, MMP-9 and IDH mutation for predicting LGG MT after surgery was 0.744, 0.790, and 0.799, respectively. The AUC of PCNA, MMP-9, and VEGF for predicting LGG recurrence after surgery was 0.729, 0.750, and 0.900, respectively. 【Conclusion】 This study found that IDH mutation, MMP-9 and PCNA were independent risk factors for LGG recurrence, while VEGF, MMP-9 and PCNA were independent risk factors for LGG MT by retrospectively analyzing the clinical data and protein expression of 163 patients with LGG after surgery. These proteins have high accuracy in predicting LGG recurrence and MT after surgery. Therefore, the proteins may play an important role in the biological behavior and treatment effect of LGG, and can be used as reference indicators for prognosis evaluation and individualized treatment of LGG patients after surgery.

Objective : To investigate the effects of D ⁃allose on the restoration of neurological function , Galectin⁃3 (Gal⁃3) , adenosine monophosphate⁃activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) and the expression of some inflammatory factors in ischemia⁃reperfusion injury ( CIRI) mice . Methods : A total of 50 male mice were randomly divided into control group (Con group) , sham group (Sham group) , cerebral ischemia⁃reperfusion injury group (MCAO group) , cerebral ischemia⁃reperfusion injury + D ⁃alolose group (MCAO + D ⁃allose group) and cerebral ischemia⁃reperfusion injury + modified citrus pectin group (MCAO + MCP group) . The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model (reperfusion after 2 hours of MCA ischemia) was established by thread embolism . After successful modeling , the neurological function of mice was evaluated Longa score and rotated rod walking . TTC staining was used to observe the volume of cerebral infarction foci . The expression levels of Gal⁃3 and autophagy⁃related molecules were detected by Western blot and RT⁃PCR . Immunofluorescence was applied to detect the distribution of Gal⁃3 in brain tissue , and TNF⁃α , IL⁃8 secretion was detected with ELISA KIT . Results : Compared with Con group and Sham group , the MCAO model represented significant increase in the Longa neurofunction score (P < 0. 01) , cerebral infarction volume ( P < 0. 01) , Gal⁃3 expression and manifasted enhanced autophagy (P < 0. 01) . After treatment with D ⁃allose , it could significantly improve neurological dysfunction , reduce cerebral infarction volume (P < 0. 01) , reduce the expression of Gal⁃3 ( P < 0. 01) , inhibit AMPK phosphorylation , promote mTOR phosphorylation , and inhibit autophagy (P < 0. 01) . The use of the Gal⁃3 inhibitor MCP alone could also achieve the effect of inhibiting autophagy . Conclusion D ⁃allose can effectively promote the recovery of neurological function and reduce the volume of infarct foci in CIRI mice . The mechanism may involve inhibiting excessive cell autophagy by downregulating the expression of Gal⁃3 , and reducing the release of inflammatory factors such as TNF⁃α and IL⁃8 , thereby exerting neuroprotective effects .