Objective To determine the expression of miRNA211 (miR-211) in the development of malignant melanoma,and to investigate the correlation between miR-211 and its target molecule,matrix metalloproteinase 16 (MMP-16).Methods Cultured A375 melanoma cells were divided into 3 groups:miR-211 overexpression group and mock-vehicle group transfected with miR-211 mimics and empty vehicle respectively,and negative control group receiving no treatment.TaqMan fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression of miR-211 in HER1 primary melanocytes,A375,C32 and G361malignant melanoma cell lines,as well as in nevus tissues (n =18) and melanoma tissues (n =41),and to evaluate changes of MMP-16 mRNA expression in A375 cells before and after the overexpression of miR-211.Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and flow cytometry were conducted to evaluate cellular proliferative activity and determine cell cycle distribution respectively,and methylcellulose assay and Transwell assay to evaluate colony formation and cell migration abilities respectively.The size of selected colonies was used to represent colony formation ability,while the ratio of the number of migrating cells to that of non-migrating cells to represent cell migration ability.Results There were significant differences in the expression level of miR-211 among the G361,C32 and A375 cells (0.09 ± 0.02 vs.0.000 52 ± 0.000 20 vs.0.000 03 ± 0.000 01,F =10 410,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of miR-21 1 was significantly decreased in melanoma tissues compared with nevus tissues (0.17 ± 0.03 vs.0.87 ± 0.08,t =9.118,P ＜ 0.01).No significant differences were observed in cellular proliferative activity or cell cycle distribution among the miR-211 overexpression group,mock-vehicle group and negative control group.Compared with the mock-vehicle group,the miR-211 overexpression group showed significantly suppressed colony formation (0.49 ± 0.05 vs.0.85 ± 0.09,t =2.19,P ＜ 0.05) and cell migration (0.49 ± 0.06 vs.0.82 ± 0.09,t =3.15,P ＜ 0.05) abilities,while no significant difference was observed between the mock-vehicle group and negative control group.Additionally,the mRNA expression of MMP-16 significantly decreased in the miR-211 overexpression group compared with the mock-vehicle group after transfeetion (24 hours:0.33 ± 0.02 vs.0.91 ± 0.03,t =11.30,P ＜ 0.01;48 hours:0.52 ± 0.01 vs.0.96 ± 0.02,t =5.02,P ＜ 0.05;72 hours:0.71 ± 0.01 vs.0.97 ± 0.03,t =3.85,P ＜ 0.05),with no significant difference between the mock-vehicle group and negative control group at the above time points.Conclusions miR-211 was lowly expressed in both malignant melanoma cells and tissues,and it could inhibit both anchorage-independent growth and migration of melanoma cells.After up-regulation of miR-211 expression,the mRNA expression of MMP-16 decreased in A375 cells,suggesting that MMP-16 may be a downstream target of miR-211,and can influence melanoma metastasis.

Objective:To observe clinical outcomes of the repair of traumatic nerve defects in the proximal upper extremities by human acellular nerve allograft(hANG).Methods:Nerve defects in the upper extremities in 8 patients were repaired by hANG from March 2017 to January 2019. The patients were 6 males and 2 females with mean age of 35.4 (21-53) years old. The nerve defects were 2 radial nerve in distal upper arm, 4 median nerve in forearm, 1 interosseous dorsal nerve and 1 ulnar nerve in forearm. All injuries were acute nerve injury. Two patients had combined injury of upper arm muscle, 4 of forearm muscle and 1 of brachial artery defect. All wound were moderate to severe contaminated. The length of nerve defects was 30-60 (mean 45) mm. The surgical procedures were fixation of fracture, repair of the muscle and discovery of the broken ends of nerve and to repair with hANG. The postoperative follow-up period ranged 18 to 40 (mean 30.6) months to observe the local response of recovery. The efficacy was evaluated by the Upper Extremity Function Evaluation Standard set up by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and Grading Standard of Muscle Strength.Results:No graft rejection was observed in all cases. Primarily healing was in 5 patients. Delayed healing in 2 patients and free skin grafting was performed. Local flap transfer was performed to repair the wound in 1 patient who developed a skin necrosis 10 days after surgery. Two patients with median nerve defects had nerve function restored well. The strength of finger grip and thumb opposition muscle restored to grade IV and the sensory function had restored S 3+. The interosseous dorsal nerve in 1 patient restored well. The strength of extensor digitorum tendon had restored to grade IV. Based on the evaluation criteria for the upper extremity issued by the Hand Surgery of the Chinese Medical Association, 3 patients was rated in excellent for function recovery, 1 in fair and 4 in poor. Conclusion:After throughout debridement, hANG can be applied in the repair of traumatic nerve defect in the proximal upper extremity in an emergency surgery and it can partially restore the nerve function.

The nail and nail bed are indispensibal structures with important function and esthetics role on the tip of fingers. Injury of the nail and nail bed often seriously affect the appearance and function of the fingers. The correct and timely treatment is essential for the restortation of good function according to the typing and degreement of the injuries. This paper reviewed about the function of nail and nail bed, typing of injury, evaluation of therapeutic effect and reconstruction of nail bed injury.