Objective To observe the effect of laser irradiation on the level of histamine (Hm) , 5- hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum and β- endorphin (β- EP) in brain tissue in rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods A total of 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:a normal group, a model group (RA without treatment), a laser + drug treatment group (RA treated by laser and drug) and a drug treatment group (RA treated by drug alone). All the groups, except the normal one, were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant to make animal model of adjuvant arthritis. All the animals were then treated accordingly. The level of Hm, 5-HT, IL-1 and TNFα in serum and β-EP in brain tissue were measured. Results Laser downregulated the content of Hm, 5-HT, IL-1 and TNFα in serum and increased the content of β-EP in brain tissue. Conclusion Laser irradiation is an effective modality for treating the animal model of rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM:To establish a quality standard for Xiangge Zhengqi Capsule(Herba Pogostemonis,Flos Caryophylli,Cortex Magnoliae officinalis,Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae,etc.). METHODS: Xiangge Zhengqi Capsule was identified by GC.The effective components in Xiangge Zhengqi Capsule were determined by GC.The chromatographic conditions were: CP-sil 5CB capillary column(25 m?0.25 mm,0.4 ?m),FID as the detector,programmed temperature and high pure helium as carrier gas with the flow rate of 1 mL/min. RESULTS: The relevant chromatographic peak in Flos Caryophylli,Cortex Magnoliae officinalis,Herba Pogostemonis,Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae and Folium Perillae were identified by GC.The contents of eugenol,magnolol and honokiol could be determined by GC. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,feasible and repeatable.It can be used as quality supervisory control of Xiangge Zhengqi Capsule.

Objective To establish the quality standard for Bazheng Pills. Methods Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix Glycyrrhizae and Fructus Gardeniae in Bazheng Pills were identified by TLC. Geniposide was determined by HPLC. Results Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix Glycyrrhizae and Fructus Gardeniae could be identified by TLC. Geniposide showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.187 2～ 2.808 0 ng, r=0.999 9.The average recovery was 100.70 % , and RSD was 1.01 % . Conclusion The established methods are simple and with good reproducibility, and can be used for the quality control of Bazheng Pills.

Objective To identify clinical predictive factors in intractable childhood epilepsy,to provide some evidence for its early diagnosis.Methods Six hundred and twenty-four children with newly diagnosed epilepsy were retrospectively identified in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School(1993-2009).The epileptic children were divided into a drug-responsive epilepsy group (n =584) and an intractable epilepsy group (n =40).Clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed,including the gender,age,pathogen,inducement,number of pre-treatment seizures,seizure type,seizure type change,seizure duration,family history,previous history,physical examination,brain CT and initial electroencephalogram(EEG) findings.Single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis were made in 2 groups.Results Strong univariate associations suggested that some factors could increase the risks of intractable epilepsy:symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy,mental retardation,type of infantile spasm,positive neurological examination and large absolute number of pre-treatment seizures,and changes in seizure types in the course of the disease.With multiple Logistic regression,independent predictors of intractability were symptomatic or cryptogenic etiology(OR =3.61),large absolute number of pre-treatment seizures and changes in seizure types in the course of the disease(OR =4.76).Conclusions It's necessary to be wary of intractable epilepsy and to adjust therapy accordingly when seizures were uncontrollable and accompanied by one or more conditions such as symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy,large absolute number of pre-treatment seizures,changes in seizure types in the course of the disease.

Objective To establish the population pharmacokinetics(PPK)model of Lamotrigine(LTG)in children with epilepsy in China for promoting individualized dosage regimen. Methods The sparse data of LTG serum concentrations from 60 pediatric patients with epilepsy were collected. One hundred and fourteen serum concentration points were divided into LTG+valproic acid (VPA) group(n=56),LTG+enzymatic inducer(E1)group(n=26),LTG+EI+VPA group(n=16)and single LTG group(n=16).The serum drug concentrations were the clinical routinely tested steadv state concentrations.The LTG PPK parameters were calculated using the non-parametric expectation maximization(NPEM) Program of USC*PACK software,and then a PPK model was established. Based on this model,LTG serum concentrations were predicted with Bayesian fitting program of USC*PACK software.Mean prediction error(MPE)and mean squared prediction error(MSPE) were calculated to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the concentration prediction and to valid the PPK model.Results The greatest likelihood was-192.87.Optimum PPK parameters were:Ka=(1.97 1.66)h~(-1);Vs=(1.07±0.89)L/kg;Kel=(0.05±0.05)h~(-1).The linear regression function Y_(OBS)=-0.09+1.05 Y_(PRED)(R~2=0.98,P<0.001),and determination of coefficient was 0.98.MPE was-0.16 g/mL,and MSPE was 0.28(μg/mL)~2.Conclusion A PPK model of LTG in children with epilepsy in China can be successfully established using the USC*PACK software, based on which LTG serum concentrations can be predicted accurately with a Bayesian approach.

Objective To determine the content of aconitine-type alkaloids in Bitongxiao Ointment,and to control the limits of aconitine-type alkaloids in the ointment.Methods Acid-dye colorimetry was employed and methodology was examined for linear range,average recovery,precision,exclusivity and stability.Results The method has a good precision and stability.The linear range of aconitine-type alkaloids was in 0.111 9～0.714 mg(r=0.999 3),and the average recovery was 97.4 %.Conclusion The method is accurate,reliable,simple,can be used to determine the content of aconitine-type alkaloids in Bitongxiao Ointment.

Objective To investigate influence on dose distribution due to cavity and inhomogeneous structures using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD) and Chengdu phantoms.Methods A cavity 4 cm × 4 cm × 3 cm was made by a head and neck phantom and a lung phantom was cut into slices which were got a CT scanning and setup in a digital simulator.The TLD were pasted on edge and in the center of cavity structure and inhomogeneous structures.Treatment plans of different radiotherapy technologies were made generated and delivered on a linear accelerator.Then the TLD were read and analyzed.Results There were remarkable cavity effects of conventional single field,opposite fields and IMRT plans with 7 fields for head and neck phantom.There is similar effect in lung phantom.The more complexity the radiotherapy technology was the less cavity effect.Conclusions It is necessary to consider using more advanced radiotherapy technology or applying more fields to make treatment plans in order to decrease the cavity effect or similar effect when there are inhomogeneous structures.

ObjectiveTo compare the calculation precision of the collapsed cone convolution (CCC) algorithm and pencil beam convolution (PBC) algorithm in TPS in heterogeneous tissue.Methods We made two virtual lung phantoms,one is single field phantom,In this case the photon beam incident into the phantom,the other is the two fields phantom and a cubic'tumor' was placed in the centre of the phantom.two opposite photon beams incident into the phantom.We calculated the dose of the'tumor' and the lung with the CCC and PBC algorithm.We compared the results in both case with if obtained from Monte Carlo (MC) method.ResultsIn the single field phantom,the photon beam incident from the high-density tissue to the low-density lung equivalent tissue,compared with the result of MC algorithm PBC algorithm overestimated the lung equivalent tissue dose (t =3.90,P =0.012) and the result of CCC algorithm is close to it ( t =2.25,P =0.087 ).In the two fields phantom,tumor boundary dose calculated by CCC algorithm and the MC algorithm are lower than that of the PBC algorithm (t =2.43,3.18,P =0.038,0.011 ),and the difference increase when the field size decrease, the beam energy increase and the density of the inhomogeneity decrease.ConclusionsWe had better use the CCC algorithm when calculating the dose of the tumor surrounded by low-density tissue or the tumor behind the low-density tissue,such as the lung cancer,esophageal cancer etc.

Objective To calculate the effects of thermoplastic mask on X-ray surface dose.Methods The BEAMnrc Monte Carlo Code system, designed especially for computer simulation of radioactive sources, was performed to evaluate the effects of thermoplastic mask on X-ray surface dose.Thermoplastic mask came from our center with a material density of 1.12 g/cm2. The masks without holes,with holes size of 0. 1 cm× 0. 1 cm, and with holes size of 0. 1 cm × 0. 2 cm, and masks with different depth (0.12 cm and 0.24 cm) were evaluated separately. For those with holes, the material width between adjacent holes was 0. 1 cm. Virtual masks with a material density of 1.38 g/cm3 without holes with two different depths were also evaluated. Results Thermoplastic mask affected X-rays surface dose. When using a thermoplastic mask with the depth of 0. 24 cm without holes, the surface dose was 74. 9% and 57.0% for those with the density of 1.38 g/cm3 and 1.12 g/cm3 respectively. When focusing on the masks with the density of 1.12 g/cm3, the surface dose was 41.2% for those with 0.12 cm depth without holes;57.0% for those with 0. 24 cm depth without holes;44. 5% for those with 0. 24 cm depth with holes size of 0.1 cm ×0.2 cm;and 54.1% for those with 0.24 cm depths with holes size of 0.1 cm ×0.1 cm.Conclusions Using thermoplastic mask during the radiation increases patient surface dose. The severity is relative to the hole size and the depth of thermoplastic mask. The surface dose change should be considered in radiation planning to avoid severe skin reaction.

Objective To investigate the effect of apolipoprotein E gene knock-out(ApoE KO) and high-fat diet on morphology and the expression of mortalin in hippocampal CA_3 neurons of mice, and to explore the impact of these factors on memory and Alzheimer's disease.Methods Ten wild-type and 10 ApoE KO mice were fed with common chow as the control group and the KO group respectively while 10 ApoE KO mice were fed with high fat diet.Twelve weeks later, the weight and the lid of these mice were measured.The brain tissues were observed using HE staining, nissl staining, protargol staining,immunohistochemistry staining and image analysis by computer.Results In the ApoE KO group, weight,total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher than those in the control group,and these changes were more significant in ApoE KO high-fat diet group.The nissl was higher in the ApoE KO group (0.301±0.031) and in ApoE KO high-fat diet group (0.261±0.020) than those in the control group (0.341±0.035, F=18.068, P<0.05).The mortalin in the ApoE KO group (0.322±0.060) and in ApoE KO high-fat diet group (0.391±0.041) were higher than the control group (0.256±0.061, F=15.230, P < 0.05).Conclusions ApoE KO and high-fat diet can reduce nissl, and improve the expression of mortalin.This protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.